I-Ankylosing Spondylitis nokuvuvukala kwamehlo: Okufanele Ukwazi

-Delile

• Kungani ukuvuvukala kwamehlo (uveitis) kukhula
• Izimpawu ze-uveitis
• Kutholakala kanjani i-uveitis?
• I-uveitis iphathwa kanjani?
• Umbono
• Uwavikela kanjani amehlo akho

Ukubuka konke

I-Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) isifo esivuthayo. Kubangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwamalunga. Kuthinta kakhulu umgogodla wakho, okhalweni, nezindawo lapho kuhlangana khona imisipha namathambo. Okuthuthukile i-AS kungadala ukuthi ithambo elisha lakheke emgogodleni futhi liholele ekuhlanganeni komgogodla.

Ngenkathi ukuvuvukala kwe-AS kujwayelekile emgogodleni nasemalungeni amakhulu, kungahle kwenzeke nakwezinye izindawo zomzimba, njengamehlo. Cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angama-40 abane-AS baba nokuvuvukala kwamehlo. Lesi simo saziwa njenge-uveitis.

I-Uveitis ivamise ukuthinta iris, iringi enemibala ezungeze umfundi wakho. Ngenxa yokuthi i-iris isengxenyeni ephakathi yeso lakho, i-uveitis ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-anterior uveitis. Ngokuvamile, i-uveitis ingathinta emuva noma kwezinye izindawo zeso lakho, elibizwa ngokuthi i-posterior uveitis.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi kungani i-uveitis yenzeka, ukuthi ungayibona kanjani, izinketho zakho zokwelashwa, nokuningi.

Kungani ukuvuvukala kwamehlo (uveitis) kukhula

I-AS isifo se-systemic, okusho ukuthi singathinta izindawo eziningi zomzimba futhi sidale ukuvuvukala okusabalele.

Uhlobo lwe-HLA-B27 nalo lungaba yisici. Lolu hlobo luvamile kubantu abaningi abane-AS noma i-uveitis. Ezinye izimo ezabelana ngofuzo zifaka phakathi isifo samathumbu esivuthayo kanye nesifo samathambo esisebenzayo.

I-Uveitis ingaba uphawu lokuqala lokuthi unesimo se-systemic njenge-AS. I-Uveitis nayo ingavela ngaphandle kwesimo sokuvuvukala.

Izimpawu ze-uveitis

I-Uveitis ivamise ukuthinta iso elilodwa ngasikhathi, yize ingakhula ngamehlo womabili. Kungenzeka kwenzeke ngokuzumayo futhi kube nzima ngokushesha, noma kungakhula kancane futhi kube kubi ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa.

Uphawu olusobala kakhulu lwe-uveitis ukubomvu phambi kweso.

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
• ubuhlungu beso
• ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• ukufiphala noma ukubona okunamafu
• izindawo ezimnyama kumbono wakho (owaziwa nangokuthi ama-floaters)
• ukwehla kombono

Kutholakala kanjani i-uveitis?

Izimo eziningi ze-uveitis zitholwa ngokubuyekezwa komlando wakho wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa kwamehlo ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kufaka okulandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa kweshadi wamehlo ukuthola ukuthi umbono wakho unqabile yini
• ukuhlolwa kwe-fundoscopic, noma i-ophthalmoscopy, ukuhlola ngemuva kweso
• ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-ocular ukukala ukucindezela kwamehlo
• ukuhlolwa kwesibani sokunquma ukuhlola iningi leso, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi

Uma kusolwa isimo se-systemic njenge-AS, udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-X-ray noma i-MRI, ukubuka amalunga akho namathambo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angaphinde ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole isakhi sofuzo se-HLA-B27. Umphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle akusho ukuthi une-AS, noma kunjalo. Abantu abaningi banofuzo lwe-HLA-B27 futhi abasenzi isimo sokuvuvukala.

Uma kungacaci ukuthi kungani une-uveitis, udokotela wakho angayalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe ukuze anqume ukuthi unegciwane yini.

I-uveitis iphathwa kanjani?

Uhlelo lokwelashwa kwe-uveitis ehlobene ne-AS luphindwe kabili. Umgomo osheshayo ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwamehlo nemiphumela yako. Kubalulekile futhi ukwelapha i-AS jikelele.

Ulayini wokuqala wokwelashwa kwe-uveitis ama-eyedrops wokulwa nokuvuvukala, noma ama-eyedrop aqukethe i-corticosteroid. Uma lezo zingasebenzi, amaphilisi we-corticosteroid noma imijovo kungadingeka. Uma uncike kuma-corticosteroids, udokotela wakho angangeza umuthi we-immunosuppressant ukuvumela i-tapering steroid.

I-uveitis enamandla ingadinga inqubo yokususa enye yezinto ezifana ne-gel esweni, eyaziwa njenge-vitreous.

Ukuhlinzwa ukufakela emehlweni idivaysi ekhipha imishanguzo ye-corticosteroid isikhathi eside kunganconywa uma une-uveitis engapheli engaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Uma une-AS, kubalulekile ukuphatha izimpawu zakho ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuba nezinkinga ezifana ne-uveitis. Amakhambi we-AS ahlose ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obuhlangene nokuvuvukala.

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka, kepha izinketho ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), njenge-ibuprofen (Advil)
• imithi ye-biologic, efana ne-interleukin-17 inhibitor noma isimila se-necrosis factor blocker
• ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
• ukwelashwa okushisayo nokubandayo
• izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, njengokuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukuzama ukudla okulwa nokuvuvukala, nokuyeka ukubhema

Umbono

I-Uveitis ayizizwa kahle. Akusona isimo okufanele ungasinaki. I-Uveitis ngokuvamile ngeke iphele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ngamaconsi wamehlo e-counter. Kudinga ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa ngudokotela wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo.

Amacala amaningi e-uveitis alashwa ngempumelelo ngemithi nokunakekelwa kwamehlo okungaguquguquki. Ngokushesha lapho uqala ukwelashwa, yehlisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga zesikhathi eside.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• ngamehlo
• izicubu ezibomvu, ezingadala ukungajwayelekile komfundi
• i-glaucoma, eyandisa ingcindezi esweni futhi ingadala ukulahleka kombono
• ukuncipha kombono kusuka kuma-calcium deposits ku-cornea
• ukuvuvukala kwe-retina, okungadala ukulahleka kombono

I-Uveitis ingaba nzima ukuyilawula, ikakhulukazi uma ibangelwa yi-AS noma esinye isimo sokuvuvukala kwesistimu.

Njengoba kunezici eziningi ezihilelekile, kungaba nzima ukuqagela ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-uveitis ihambe. I-uveitis enamandla noma i-uveitis engemuva kweso iso livame ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola. Isimo singabuya emuva kokwelashwa.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela izincomo zokwelashwa zikadokotela wakho. Kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi noma ziphindaphindeka.

Uwavikela kanjani amehlo akho

Kuhlale kubalulekile ukuvikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UVA ne-UVB kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Uma une-uveitis, kodwa-ke, kubaluleke ngokuphindwe kabili ukutotosa amehlo akho.

INational Eye Institute incoma lezi zeluleko ezijwayelekile zokugcina amehlo akho enempilo:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo konyaka.
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezivikela amehlo akho emisebeni ye-UVA ne-UVB.
• Uma uzwela ekukhanyeni, gqoka izibuko zelanga ngaphakathi noma ugcine izibani zifiphele.
• Bheka kude nekhompyutha yakho, umakhalekhukhwini wakho, noma ithelevishini okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 njalo emizuzwini engu-20 ukusiza ukuvimbela i-eyestrain.
• Gqoka izigqoko zamehlo zokuzivikela uma usebenza ngezinto eziyingozi noma endaweni yokwakha.
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ngenkathi udlala imidlalo noma wenza umsebenzi wasendlini.
• Yeka ukubhema, njengoba ukubhema kusheshisa ukulimala kwemizwa esweni nakwezinye izimo zamehlo.

Amathiphu abantu abagqoka amalensi wokuxhumana:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo nangaphambi kokufaka amalensi oxhumana nawo.
• Ungafaki amalensi wokuxhumana ngenkathi amehlo akho evuvukile.
• Gwema ukuxubha amehlo akho noma ukuthinta izandla zakho emehlweni akho.
• Khipha amagciwane ama-lens oxhumana nawo njalo.