Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokugonywa Kwe-Anthrax

-Delile

• Mayelana nomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax
• Ubani othola lo mgomo?
• Unikezwa kanjani umuthi wokugoma?
• Ukuvezwa kwangaphambili
• Ukuvezwa ngemuva
• Ngubani ongafanele ayithole?
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
• Imiphumela emibi emincane
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile nephuthumayo
• Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa
• Izakhi zomuthi wokugoma
• Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax ezindabeni
• Okubalulekile

I-anthrax isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ibhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi I-Bacillus anthracis. Akuvamile ukutholakala e-United States, kodwa ukuqubuka kokugula kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka. Futhi inamandla okusetshenziswa njengesikhali semvelo.

Amagciwane e-anthrax angakha izakhiwo ezilele ezibizwa ngokuthi izinhlamvu eziqina kakhulu. Lapho lezi zinhlamvu zingena emzimbeni, amabhaktheriya angaphinda aqale futhi abangele izifo ezimbi neziyingozi.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, ukuthi ngubani okufanele awuthole, nokuthi yini imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Mayelana nomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax

Munye kuphela umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax otholakala e-United States. Igama layo lomkhiqizo yi-BioThrax. Ungase futhi uyibone ibizwa ngokuthi umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax adsorbed (AVA).

I-AVA ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwe-anthrax oluyi-avirulent, okusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele izifo. Umuthi wokugoma awunamaseli egciwane.

Esikhundleni salokho, i-AVA yakhiwe ngesiko lamagciwane elihlungiwe. Isixazululo esibuhlungu esivelile siqukethe amaprotheni enziwa ngamagciwane ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Elinye lalawa maprotheni libizwa ngokuthi i-antigen yokuvikela (PA). I-PA ingesinye sezakhi ezintathu ze-anthrax toxin, ekhishwa yigciwane ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Yilokhu kukhishwa kobuthi okungadala ukugula okungathi sína.

I-AVA ivuselela amasosha akho omzimba ukuthi akhiqize amasosha omzimba kwiprotheni ye-PA. La ma-antibody angasiza ekunciphiseni ubuthi be-anthrax uma ungathola lesi sifo.

Ubani othola lo mgomo?

Umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax ngokuvamile awutholakali emphakathini jikelele. Okwamanje kuncoma ukuthi umuthi wokugoma unikezwe kuphela amaqembu akhethekile.

Lawa maqembu ngabantu okungenzeka bahlangane namagciwane e-anthrax. Babandakanya abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengama-65 okungukuthi:

• abasebenzi base-laboratory abasebenza namagciwane e-anthrax
• abantu abasebenza nezilwane noma imikhiqizo yezilwane ethelelekile, njengabasebenzi bezilwane
• abasebenzi abathile baseMelika (njengoba kunqunywe nguMnyango Wezokuvikela)
• abantu abangakagonyiwe abaye bathola igciwane le-anthrax

Unikezwa kanjani umuthi wokugoma?

Umuthi wokugoma unikezwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene ngokususelwa ekuvezweni kwangaphambi nangemva kokuchayeka ku-anthrax.

Ukuvezwa kwangaphambili

Ngokuvikela, umuthi wokugoma we-anthrax unikezwa ngemithamo emihlanu yemisipha. Imithamo inikezwa izinyanga ezi-1, 6, 12, nezingu-18 ngemuva komthamo wokuqala, ngokulandelana.

Ngaphezu kwemithamo yokuqala emithathu, ama-booster anconywa njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngemuva komthamo wokugcina. Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba angancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izikhuthazi zinganikeza ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kubantu abangachayeke ku-anthrax.

Ukuvezwa ngemuva

Lapho umuthi wokugoma usetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abangagonyiwe abadalulwe ku-anthrax, uhlelo lucindezelwa kumithamo emithathu engaphansi.

Umthamo wokuqala unikezwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyilapho umthamo wesibili nowesithathu unikezwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amane. Ama-antibiotic azonikezwa izinsuku ezingama-60 eceleni kokugoma.

Ngubani ongafanele ayithole?

Abantu abalandelayo akufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax:

• abantu abake baba nempendulo ebucayi noma esongela impilo emthonjeni wokugoma i-anthrax noma ezinye izingxenye zawo
• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka ngenxa yezimo ezizimele, i-HIV, noma imishanguzo efana nokwelashwa komdlavuza
• abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bakhulelwe
• abantu abake baba nesifo i-anthrax phambilini
• abantu abagula ngokulingene (kufanele balinde baze balulame ukuze bagonywe)

Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo

Njenganoma imuphi umuthi wokugoma noma umuthi, umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax nawo unemiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Imiphumela emibi emincane

Ngokuya ngemiphumela emibi emincane ingafaka:

• ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma isigaxa endaweni yomjovo
• imizwa yokudabuka noma ukulunywa endaweni yomjovo
• ubuhlungu bemisipha engalweni lapho umjovo wanikezwa khona, okunganciphisa ukunyakaza
• ngizizwe ngikhathele noma ngikhathele
• ikhanda

Le miphumela emibi ivame ukuzixazululela yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile nephuthumayo

Ngokusho kwe-the, imiphumela emibi emibi emibi ebikiwe ifaka phakathi ukungezwani okukhulu njenge-anaphylaxis. Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka kakhulu kungakapheli imizuzu noma amahora wokuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis ukuze ukwazi ukufuna usizo oluphuthumayo. Izimpawu nezimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• ukuvuvukala emphinjeni, ezindebeni, noma ebusweni
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ubuhlungu besisu
• isifo sohudo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ngizwe nginesiyezi
• ukuquleka

Lezi zinhlobo zokuphendula zivame kakhulu, lapho kubikwa iziqephu ngamanani we-100,000 anikiwe.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

Umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax akufanele unikezwe kanye nemithi yokwelapha yokuzivikela, kufaka phakathi i-chemotherapy, i-corticosteroids, ne-radiation therapy. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-AVA.

Izakhi zomuthi wokugoma

Kanye namaprotheni asebenza njengesithako somuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, izivimbelakuvunda nezinye izingxenye zenza umuthi wokugoma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-aluminium hydroxide, isithako esivamile kuma-antacids
• i-sodium chloride (usawoti)
• i-benzethonium chloride
• i-formaldehyde

Umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax ezindabeni

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ngomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax ezindabeni eminyakeni edlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhathazeka emphakathini wezempi maqondana nemiphumela yokugoma i-anthrax. Yini-ke indaba?

UMnyango Wezokuvikela waqala uhlelo oluyimpoqo lokugoma i-anthrax ngo-1998. Inhloso yalolu hlelo kwakuwukuvikela amasosha ekuchayekeni okungenzeka kube khona amagciwane e-anthrax asetshenziswa njengesikhali semvelo.

Ukukhathazeka okwenziwe emphakathini wezempi maqondana nemiphumela engaba khona yesikhathi eside yezempilo yomuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, ikakhulukazi kuma-veteran e-Gulf War. Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi abakatholi ukuhlangana phakathi komuthi wokugoma i-anthrax nokugula okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ngo-2006, uhlelo lokugoma lwabuyekezwa ukuze kwenziwe umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax emaqenjini amaningi empi. Kodwa-ke, kusadingeka kwabanye abasebenzi. Lawa maqembu afaka labo ababandakanyeka emisebenzini ekhethekile noma abame ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Okubalulekile

Umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax uvikela i-anthrax, isifo esingaba yingozi esibangelwa ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Munye kuphela umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax otholakala e-United States. Iqukethe amaprotheni atholakala kusiko lamagciwane.

Amaqembu athile abantu kuphela angathola umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, kufaka phakathi amaqembu afana nososayensi abathile belebhu, odokotela bezilwane, kanye nabezempi. Inganikezwa nomuntu ongagonyiwe uma echayeka ku-anthrax.

Iningi lemiphumela emibi etholakala kumuthi wokugoma i-anthrax mncane futhi iyaphela emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, ukusabela okweqile komzimba kwenzeke. Uma kunconywa ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugoma i-anthrax, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuyithola.