Ingabe Ama-antibiotic Ayayisiza Imfuluwenza? Futhi Okunye Ukwelashwa

-Delile

• Isebenza kanjani i-antibiotics
• Mayelana nomkhuhlane
• Mayelana nokumelana nama-antibiotic
• Ingabe ama-antibiotic ayasiza lapho unemfuluwenza?
• Imishanguzo yokwelapha umkhuhlane
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komkhuhlane
• Phumula
• Hlanganisa amanzi
• Thatha ukudambisa izinhlungu okuthengwa ekhawunteni
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukubuka konke

Umkhuhlane (“umkhuhlane”) isifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula esihlasela kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zokuwa nezasebusika zonyaka.

Ukugula kungaba ngumthwalo obalulekile ngalesi sikhathi, kungabangeli izinsuku zomsebenzi nezesikole ezilahlekile kuphela, kepha nokulaliswa esibhedlela.

Isibonelo, ngenkathi yomkhuhlane ka-2016–2017, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezigameko zomkhuhlane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 e-United States. Lokhu kuholele ekuvakasheni kodokotela abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-14 nasezibhedlela ezingama-600,000.

Yini-ke ongayenza ukulwa nomkhuhlane uma usunawo? Ngabe udokotela wakho angakunika ama-antibiotic ukuze awelaphe?

Imithi elwa namagciwane akuyona indlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha umkhuhlane. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani.

Isebenza kanjani i-antibiotics

Ama-antibiotic yimithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1800, abacwaningi baqala ukubona ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali ayasebenza ekwelapheni izifo. Kwathi ngo-1928, u-Alexander Fleming wathola ukuthi kunesikhunta IPenicillium notatum yayingcolise elinye lamasiko akhe agcwele amagciwane. Isikhunta sishiye indawo engenamagciwane endaweni lapho sikhule khona.

Lokhu kutholakala ekugcineni kuzoholela ekwakhiweni kwe-penicillin, i-antibiotic yokuqala evela ngokwemvelo ukukhiqizwa.

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-antibiotic. Banezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulwa namagciwane, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuvimba amaseli wegciwane ekukhuleni kahle udonga lwamaseli awo
• ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni ngaphakathi kweseli lamagciwane
• kuphazamisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-bacterial nucleic acid, njenge-DNA ne-RNA

Imithi elwa namagciwane ilapha ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, kepha ayisebenzi kuma-virus.

Mayelana nomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane ukugula okubangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane.

Isakazeka ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi okuphefumula adedelwa emoyeni lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Uma uhogela la mathonsi, ungatheleleka.

Leli gciwane lingasakazeka futhi uma uhlangana nezinto noma izindawo ezingcolile, njengezibambo zomnyango nezibambo zompompi. Uma uthinta indawo engcolile bese uthinta ubuso bakho, umlomo, noma ikhala, ungatheleleka.

Ukugula okubangelwa igciwane lomkhuhlane kungaba phakathi kokuncane kuya kokubi futhi kufaka nezimpawu ezinjenge:

• imfiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhwehlela
• impumu egijimayo noma eminyene
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• ubuhlungu bomzimba
• ukukhathala noma ukukhathala
• ikhanda

Ngoba umkhuhlane ukugula okunegciwane, ama-antibiotic ngeke asize ukuwelapha.

Esikhathini esedlule, kungenzeka ukuthi wanikezwa ama-antibiotic ngenkathi unomkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu bekungenxa yokuthi udokotela wakho ubesola ukuthi uzoba nokutheleleka kwesibili kwegciwane.

Mayelana nokumelana nama-antibiotic

Ukuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic kulapho amabhaktheriya ajwayela futhi amelana nama-antibiotic. Kwezinye izimo, amabhaktheriya angakwazi ngisho nokumelana nemithi eminingi elwa namagciwane. Lokhu kwenza ezinye izifo kube nzima kakhulu ukuzelapha.

Ukumelana kungenzeka lapho amagciwane evezwa kaningi emithini elwa namagciwane efanayo. Amagciwane aqala ukuzivumelanisa namandla ukuze amelane nemiphumela ye-antibiotic futhi asinde. Lapho kukhula izinhlobo zamagciwane ezingamelana namagciwane, zingaqala ukusabalala futhi zibangele izifo ezilukhuni ukwelashwa.

Kungakho ukuthatha ama-antibiotic angenasidingo ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungenza okubi kunokuhle. Odokotela bazama ukunikezela ngama-antibiotic kuphela uma une-bacterial infection edinga ukwelashwa ngale mithi.

Ingabe ama-antibiotic ayasiza lapho unemfuluwenza?

Esinye sezinkinga ezingavela kumkhuhlane sakha ukutheleleka kwesibili kwamagciwane, kufaka phakathi:

• ukutheleleka kwezindlebe
• ukutheleleka kwesono
• inyumoniya ebangelwa amagciwane

Ngenkathi ukutheleleka kwegciwane lendlebe noma le-sinus kungaba inkinga encane, i-pneumonia inzima kakhulu futhi ingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.

Uma uthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwesibhaktheriya kwesibili njengenkinga evela emkhuhlane, udokotela wakho uzokunika ama-antibiotic ukuthi awelaphe.

Imishanguzo yokwelapha umkhuhlane

Yize ama-antibiotic engasebenzi ngokumelene nomkhuhlane, kunemithi elwa namagciwane udokotela wakho angakunikeza esikhathini esithile.

Uma le mithi iqalwa ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuthola izimpawu zomkhuhlane, zingasiza ekwenzeni izimpawu zakho zibe nzima kakhulu noma zinciphise isikhathi sokugula kwakho.

Imithi elwa namagciwane etholakalayo ukwelapha umkhuhlane ihlanganisa:

• i-oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
• i-zanamivir (i-Relenza)
• i-peramivir (i-Rapivab)

Kukhona nomuthi omusha obizwa nge-baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza). Lo muthi olwa namagciwane wenziwa yinkampani eyenza imithi yaseJapan, yamukelwa ngu-Okthoba 2018, futhi manje isiyatholakala ukwelapha abantu abaneminyaka engu-12 noma ngaphezulu abanezimpawu zomkhuhlane ezingekho ngaphezu kwamahora angama-48.

Eminye imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane, kufaka phakathi i-oseltamivir, i-zanamivir, ne-peramivir, isebenza ngokuvimbela igciwane ukuthi likhishwe kahle esitokisini esinalo. Lokhu kuvimbela kuvimbela izinhlayiya zegciwane ezisanda kwakhiwa ukuba zihambe ngomgudu wokuphefumula ukuze zithelele amaseli aphilile.

Umuthi osanda kuvunywa ngenhla, i-Xofluza, usebenza ngokunciphisa ikhono le-virus lokuziphindaphinda. Kodwa ngokuvamile akudingeki ukuthi weqe umkhuhlane, futhi awalibulali igciwane lomkhuhlane.

Akuwona umuthi olwa namagciwane njengalowo oshiwo ngenhla, kodwa umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka utholakala minyaka yonke futhi uyindlela engcono yokuvimbela ukugula ngomkhuhlane.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komkhuhlane

Ngaphandle kokuthatha imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane, indlela engcono kakhulu yokululama kulo mkhuhlane ukuvumela ukutheleleka kuqhubeke ngendlela efanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinto ezilandelayo zingakusiza ekutholeni kabusha:

Phumula

Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ukulala okuningi. Lokhu kuzosiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo.

Hlanganisa amanzi

Phuza iziphuzo eziningi, njengamanzi, umhluzi ofudumele, neziphuzo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ukungabi namanzi.

Thatha ukudambisa izinhlungu okuthengwa ekhawunteni

Imithi, efana ne-ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) noma i-acetaminophen (iTylenol), ingasiza ngomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nezinhlungu ezivame ukwenzeka uma uphethwe umkhuhlane.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Njalo ebusika, ukutheleleka ngegciwane lomkhuhlane kubanga izigidi zamkhuhlane. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhuhlane ukugula okunegciwane, ama-antibiotic akuyona indlela ephumelelayo yokuyelapha.

Lapho iqalwa phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala zokugula, imithi elwa namagciwane ingasebenza. Zinganciphisa izimpawu futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokugula. Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wonyaka futhi uyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukugula ngomkhuhlane kwasekuqaleni.

Uma uthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwesibhaktheriya kwesibili njengenkinga yomkhuhlane, udokotela wakho angakunikeza i-antibiotic efanele ukuyelapha.