Ingabe i-Migraine ingaba sezakhi zofuzo zakho?

-Delile

• Ingabe i-migraine ingaba yizakhi zofuzo?
• Uthini ucwaningo?
• Izinguquko ze-Gene ezihambisana ne-migraine
• Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Gene okuhambisana ne-migraine
• Ngabe ezinye izinhlobo ze-migraine zinezixhumanisi eziqinile zofuzo kunezinye?
• Kungakusiza kanjani ukuba nesixhumanisi sezakhi zofuzo ku-migraine?
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ezivame kakhulu?
• Imithi yezimpawu ezinzima ze-migraine
• Imithi evimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine
• Imithi ehlanganisayo
• Okubalulekile

I-Migraine yisimo sezinzwa esithinta abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-40 e-United States.

Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Migraine kuvame ukwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda. Ngezinye izikhathi zingandulelwa noma zihambisane nokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo noma kwezinzwa okwaziwa njenge-aura.

Ezinye izimpawu, ezifana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokuzwela okukhanyayo, nazo zingaba khona ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-migraine.

Yize imbangela yangempela ye-migraine ingaziwa, kukholakala ukuthi zombili izici zemvelo nezofuzo zidlala indima kulesi simo. Ngezansi, sizobheka ngokucophelela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-migraine ne-genetics.

Ingabe i-migraine ingaba yizakhi zofuzo?

I-DNA yakho, equkethe izakhi zofuzo, ihlanganiswe ngamabhangqa angama-23 ama-chromosomes. Uzuza iqoqo elilodwa lama-chromosomes kunina futhi elinye livele kuyihlo.

Isakhi sofuzo yingxenye ye-DNA enikela ngolwazi lokuthi ungenza kanjani amaprotheni ahlukahlukene emzimbeni wakho.

Kwesinye isikhathi izakhi zofuzo zingashintsha, futhi lezi zinguquko zingadala noma zibeke umuntu esimweni esithile sempilo. Lezi zinguquko zofuzo zingadluliselwa zisuka kumzali ziye enganeni.

Izinguquko zofuzo noma ukuhluka kuye kwaxhunyaniswa ne-migraine. Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu abane-migraine okungenani banelungu elilodwa lomndeni nabo abanalesi sifo.

Uthini ucwaningo?

Ake sithathe ukungena ngokujulile kulokho abacwaningi abakufundayo mayelana nezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-migraine.

Izinguquko ze-Gene ezihambisana ne-migraine

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngocwaningo oluthile ezindabeni eziphathelene nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezixhunyaniswe ne-migraine. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka:

• I-KCNK18. Lesi sakhi sifaka iprotheni ebizwa nge-TRESK, ehlotshaniswa nezindlela zobuhlungu futhi itholakala ezindaweni ezinemizwa ehambisana ne-migraine. Ukuguqulwa okuthile ku- I-KCNK18 bekulokhu kuhlotshaniswa ne-migraine ne-aura.
• CKIdelta. Lesi sakhi sifaka i-enzyme enemisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni, omunye wayo ohlotshaniswa nomjikelezo wakho wokulala. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwango-2013, izinguquko ezithile ku- CKIdelta bezihlotshaniswa ne-migraine.

Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Gene okuhambisana ne-migraine

Kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwe-migraine kukholakala ukuthi yi-polygenic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhi zofuzo eziningi zifaka isandla kulesi simo. Lokhu kubonakala kungenxa yokwahluka okuncane kofuzo okubizwa nge-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Izifundo zofuzo zikhombe izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zofuzo ngokuhluka okuhambisana nezinhlobo ezivamile ze-migraine. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuxhunyaniswa nezinto ezinjengokusayinwa kwamaselula kanye nemizwa noma ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi (yegazi).

Yedwa, lokhu kwehlukahluka kungaba nomphumela omncane. Kodwa-ke, lapho eziningi zazo ziqongelela, kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-migraine.

Ucwaningo lwe-2018 lwemindeni ye-1,589 ene-migraine ithole "umthwalo" owandisiwe walezi zinguquko zofuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abaningi.

Izici ezahlukahlukene zofuzo nazo zibonakala zinquma izici ezithile ze-migraine. Ukuba nomlando oqinile womndeni we-migraine kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba:

• i-migraine ene-aura
• ukuhlaselwa kaningi kwe-migraine
• ubudala bokuqala be-migraine
• izinsuku eziningi lapho kufanele usebenzise imithi ye-migraine

Ngabe ezinye izinhlobo ze-migraine zinezixhumanisi eziqinile zofuzo kunezinye?

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-migraine zinenhlangano eyaziwayo yezofuzo. Isibonelo salokhu i-hemoplegic migraine yomndeni (FHM). Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlangana okwaziwayo, i-FHM ifundwe kabanzi maqondana nezofuzo ze-migraine.

I-FHM uhlobo lwe-migraine ene-aura evame ukuba neminyaka yokuqala yokuqala kunezinye izinhlobo ze-migraine. Kanye nezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-aura, abantu abane-FHM nabo banokuqina noma ubuthakathaka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.

Kunezakhi zofuzo ezintathu ezahlukahlukene ezaziwayo ukuthi zihlotshaniswa ne-FHM. Kunjalo:

• CACNA1A
• I-ATP1A2
• I-SCN1A

Ukuguqulwa kwesinye salezi zofuzo kungathinta ukusayina kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, okungadala ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine.

I-FHM izuzwe njengefa ngendlela evelele ye-autosomal. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ikhophi eyodwa kuphela yesakhi sofuzo esiguqukile ukuze ube nalesi simo.

Kungakusiza kanjani ukuba nesixhumanisi sezakhi zofuzo ku-migraine?

Kungazwakala njengokuphikisana, kepha ukuba nesixhumanisi zofuzo ku-migraine empeleni kungaba lusizo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ungathola imininingwane ebalulekile nokusekelwa kumalungu omndeni wakho aqondayo lesi simo.

Ulwazi oluvela kumalungu omndeni wakho olungasiza ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwe-migraine kufaka:

• ukuthi yini izimbangela zabo ze-migraine
• izimpawu ezithile abazizwayo
• ukwelashwa noma imishanguzo esiza ukuphatha ngempumelelo izimpawu zazo ze-migraine
• ngabe ukuhlaselwa kwabo kwe-migraine kushintshile ngemvamisa, ngamandla, noma ngezinye izindlela kukho konke ukuphila kwabo
• ubudala lapho baqala khona ukuzwa i-migraine

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Uma unezimpawu ezihambisana ne-migraine, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho. Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-Migraine zifaka:

• ubuhlungu obudonsayo noma obushisayo, imvamisa ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda lakho
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukuzwela ukukhanya
• ukuzwela komsindo
• Izimpawu ze-aura, ezingandulela ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine futhi zingafaka:
  • ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo
  • kunzima ukukhuluma
  • imizwa yobuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso bakho noma esithombeni

Kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu bekhanda bungaba uphawu lwesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha lwekhanda:

• ifika ngokuzumayo futhi inzima
• kwenzeka kulandela ukulimala ekhanda lakho
• kwenzeka ngezimpawu ezinjengentamo elukhuni, ukudideka, noma ukuba ndikindiki
• ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iba yimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokuzikhandla

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ezivame kakhulu?

I-Migraine ivame ukwelashwa ngemithi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi ye-migraine:

• lezo ezinciphisa izimpawu ezinzima ze-migraine
• lezo ezisiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine ukuthi kungenzeki

Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezingasebenza. Sizohlola uhlobo ngalunye lwezokwelapha ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Imithi yezimpawu ezinzima ze-migraine

Imvamisa uthatha le mithi ngokushesha nje lapho uqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-aura noma i-migraine. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Imithi yezinhlungu zasesitolo. Lokhu kufaka ama-NSAID afana ne-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), ne-aspirin. I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) nayo ingasetshenziswa.
• Ama-Triptans. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-triptan. Le mithi isiza ukuvimba ukuvuvukala nokuxinana kwemithambo yegazi, kuqeda izinhlungu. Ezinye izibonelo zifaka i-sumatriptan (Imitrex), i-eletriptan (i-Relpax), ne-rizatriptan (i-Maxalt).
• Ama-alkaloids atholakalayo. Le mithi isebenza ngendlela efanayo nama-triptan. Banganikezwa uma ukwelashwa ngama-triptan kungasebenzi. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-dihydroergotamine (Migranal).
• AmaGepants. Le wave entsha yemithi ye-migraine ivimba i-peptide elamula ukuvuvukala.
• I-Ditans. Umndeni wenoveli wemithi yokuhlenga, ama-teri ayafana nama-triptan kepha angasetshenziswa kubantu abanomlando wokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi, njengoba ama-triptan engakhuphula ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Imithi evimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza omunye wale mithi uma uhlaselwa kaningi noma kanzima. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Ama-anticonvulsants. Le mithi yasungulwa ekuqaleni ukusiza ukuphatha ukuquleka. Izibonelo zifaka i-topiramate (i-Topamax) ne-valproate.
• Imishanguzo yegazi. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-beta-blocker noma ama-blocker wesiteshi se-calcium.
• Imithi elwa nokudangala. I-Amitriptyline, i-tricyclic antidepressant, ingasetshenziswa.
• I-CGRP inhibitors. Lezi izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi ezinikezwa ngomjovo. Angama-antibody abopha kwi-receptor ebuchosheni ekhuthaza i-vasodilation (ukunwetshwa kwemithambo yegazi).
• Imijovo yeBotox. Ukuthola umjovo weBotox njalo emavikini ayi-12 kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine kwabanye abantu abadala.

Imithi ehlanganisayo

Kunezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisayo ezingasebenza ku-migraine, njenge:

• Amasu okuphumula. Ukucindezeleka kuyimbangela evamile ye-migraine. Izindlela zokuphumula zingakusiza ukuthi ulawule amazinga akho okucindezeleka. Izibonelo zifaka i-yoga, ukuzindla, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuphumula kwemisipha.
• Ukuthoma. I-acupuncture ifaka ukufaka izinaliti ezincanyana ezindaweni zokucindezela esikhunjeni. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuzosiza ukubuyisa ukuhamba kwamandla emzimbeni. Kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu be-migraine.
• Amakhambi, amavithamini, namaminerali. Amanye amakhambi nezithako zingasiza ngezimpawu ze-migraine. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zifaka i-butterbur, i-magnesium, ne-vitamin B-2.

Okubalulekile

Yize abacwaningi bethole izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-migraine, kusekuningi okungaziwa.

Kodwa-ke, ocwaningweni olwenziwe, kubukeka inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezici zemvelo nezofuzo ezibangela lesi simo.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezithile ze-migraine, njengasendabeni yemindeni ye-hemiplegic migraine. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi ze-migraine kungenzeka zibe yi-polygenic, okusho ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo eziningana kuyibangela.

Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-migraine kungazuzisa ngokuthi ungathola imininingwane ebalulekile kumalungu omndeni abhekana nesimo esifanayo. Ungaphendula ngisho nokwelashwa okufanayo.

Uma unezimpawu ze-migraine ezenza kube nzima ukudlula usuku, bheka udokotela wakho ukuze axoxe ngezinketho zakho zokwelashwa.