Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Asperger ne-Autism?

-Delile

• Mayelana ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Mayelana ne-Asperger's syndrome
• Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-Asperger's syndrome
• I-Asperger's vs. Autism: Uyini umehluko?
• Ngabe izindlela zokwelashwa ziyahlukahluka ku-Asperger's kanye ne-autism?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ungase uzwe abantu abaningi bekhuluma nge-Asperger's syndrome ekuphefumuleni okufanayo ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

I-Asperger yake yathathwa njengehlukile kwe-ASD. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kwe-Asperger akusekho. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezake zaba yingxenye yokuxilongwa kwe-Asperger manje ziwela ngaphansi kwe-ASD.

Kunokwehluka okungokomlando phakathi kwegama elithi "Asperger's" nalokho okubhekwa njenge- "autism." Kepha kufanele ungene kulokho okuyikho ngempela i-Asperger nokuthi kungani manje sekuthathwa njengengxenye ye-ASD.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinkinga.

Mayelana ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Akuzona zonke izingane ze-autistic ezibonisa izimpawu ezifanayo ze-autism noma ezizwa lezi zibonakaliso ngezinga elifanayo.

Yingakho i-autism ibhekwa njengobubanzi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuziphatha kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubhekwa njengokuwela ngaphansi kwesambulela sokuxilongwa kwe-autism.

Nakhu ukubuka kafushane kokuziphatha okungadala ukuthi umuntu atholakale ene-autism:

• umehluko ekusebenzeni kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa, njengokuthinta noma umsindo, kusuka kulabo ababhekwa njenge- "neurotypical"
• umehluko kuzitayela zokufunda nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga, njengokufunda ngokushesha izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezinzima kepha unenkinga yokufunda kahle imisebenzi engokomzimba noma ukuthatha izingxoxo zokuxoxa
• izintshisekelo ezikhethekile ezijulile ezihlokweni ezithile
• ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo noma isimilo (kwesinye isikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuncipha”), njengokushaya izandla noma ukuzamazama emuva naphambili
• isifiso esinamandla sokugcina imizila noma ukwenza ukuhleleka, njengokulandela uhlelo olufanayo usuku ngalunye noma ukuhlela izinto zomuntu siqu ngendlela ethile
• ukucubungula ubunzima nokukhiqiza ukuxhumana ngomlomo noma ngokungaqondile, Njengokuba nenkinga yokuveza imicabango ngamagama noma ukubonisa imizwa ngaphandle
• ukucubungula ubunzima noma ukubamba iqhaza kuzimo zokuxhumana zomphakathi ezinemizwa, njengokubingelela umuntu obuyile obabingelele

Mayelana ne-Asperger's syndrome

I-Asperger's syndrome phambilini ibithathwa njenge-autism "emnene" noma "esebenza kakhulu".

Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abathola ukuxilongwa kuka-Asperger bathambekele ekuhlangabezaneni nokuziphatha kwe-autism obekuvame ukubhekwa njengokuhluke kancane kulabo babantu abane-neurotypical.

I-Asperger yethulwa okokuqala kwiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ngo-1994.

Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseNgilandi uLorna Wing ehumushe imisebenzi yodokotela wase-Austrian uHans Asperger futhi wabona ukuthi ucwaningo lwakhe luthole izici ezihlukile ezinganeni ezine-autistic kulabo abanezimpawu “ezinamandla”.

Izindlela zokuxilonga ze-Asperger's syndrome

Nasi isifinyezo esifushane senguqulo yangaphambilini ye-DSM (okuningi kwalokhu kungabonakala kujwayelekile):

• ukuba nobunzima ngokuxhumana ngomlomo noma ngokungakhulumi, njengokuxhumana kwamehlo noma ukubhuqa
• ukuba nobudlelwano bezenhlalo obambalwa noma obungenabo isikhathi eside kontanga
• ukungabi nentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini noma ezithakazelweni nabanye
• okukhombisa ukuphendula okuncane kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezenhlalo noma ngokomzwelo
• ukuba nentshisekelo eqhubekayo esihlokweni esisodwa esikhethekile noma ezihlokweni ezimbalwa kakhulu
• ukunamathela ngokuqinile kokuziphatha okujwayelekile noma kwesiko
• ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe noma ukunyakaza
• intshisekelo enkulu ezicini ezithile zezinto
• ukubhekana nobunzima ekugcineni ubudlelwane, imisebenzi, noma ezinye izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke ngenxa yalezi zimpawu ezibalwe ngaphambili
• ukungabi nakubambezeleka ekufundeni kolimi noma ekukhuleni kwengqondo okufana nezinye, izimo ezifanayo ze-neurodevelopmental

Kusukela ngo-2013, i-Asperger manje isithathwa njengengxenye yesimo se-autism futhi ayisatholakali njengesimo esihlukile.

I-Asperger's vs. Autism: Uyini umehluko?

I-Asperger ne-autism akusathathwa njengezifo ezihlukile. Abantu okungenzeka ukuthi bake bathola ukuxilongwa kwe-Asperger esikhundleni manje bathola ukuxilongwa kwe-autism.

Kodwa abantu abaningi abatholakala ukuthi bane-Asperger’s ngaphambi kokushintshwa kwezinqubo zokuxilonga ngonyaka wezi-2013 basathathwa njengabantu “abane-Asperger’s.”

Futhi abantu abaningi futhi babheka i-Asperger njengengxenye yobunikazi babo. Lokhu kucatshangelwa ikakhulukazi ukucwaswa okusazungeze ukuxilongwa kwe-autism emiphakathini eminingi emhlabeni jikelele.

Kodwa-ke okuwukuphela “komehluko” wangempela phakathi kokuxilongwa okubili ukuthi abantu abane-Asperger's kungathathwa njengaba nesikhathi esilula "sokudlula" njenge-neurotypical enezimpawu nezimpawu "ezimnene" kuphela ezingafana ne-autism.

Ngabe izindlela zokwelashwa ziyahlukahluka ku-Asperger's kanye ne-autism?

Futhi lokho okwakutholwe phambilini njenge-Asperger's noma i-autism akusona isimo sezempilo esidinga "ukwelashwa."

Labo abatholakala bene-autism babhekwa njenge- “neurodivergent.” Ukuziphatha kwe-Autistic akubhekwa njengokujwayelekile emphakathini. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi i-autism ikhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngawe.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wena noma umuntu osempilweni yakho otholwe ene-autism wazi ukuthi bayathandwa, bayamukelwa, futhi bayasekelwa ngabantu ababazungezile.

Akuwona wonke umuntu emphakathini we-autism ovuma ukuthi abantu abane-autism abadingi ukwelashwa.

Kukhona impikiswano eqhubekayo phakathi kwalabo ababona i-autism njengokukhubazeka okudinga ukwelashwa ("imodeli yezokwelapha") nalabo ababona "ukwelashwa" kwe-autism ngendlela yokuthola amalungelo okukhubazeka, njengemikhuba efanele yokuqashwa kanye nokutholakala kwezempilo.

Nazi ezinye uma ukholelwa ukuthi wena noma othandekayo udinga ukwelashwa kokuziphatha okwakubhekwa njengengxenye yokuxilongwa kwe-Asperger:

• ukwelashwa kwengqondo, njengokwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT)
• imithi yokukhathazeka noma ukukhathazeka ngokweqile (OCD)
• ukwelashwa ngenkulumo noma ngolimi
• ukuguqulwa kokudla noma izengezo
• izinketho zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo, njengokulashwa kwe-massage

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Okubaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuthi i-Asperger akuselona igama elisebenzayo. Izimpawu ezake zasetshenziswa ukuyixilonga zingezokuqina okuthe xaxa ekutholeni i-ASD.

Futhi ukuxilongwa kwe-autism akusho ukuthi wena noma othandekayo "unesimo" esidinga "ukwelashwa." Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzithande futhi uzamukele wena noma omunye umuntu one-autistic omaziyo.

Ukufunda ama-nuances e-ASD kungakusiza ukuthi uqale ukuqonda ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-ASD okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye. Alikho igama elilodwa elifanela konke.