Konke Mayelana Nokukhulisa Okunamathiselwe

-Delile

• Ukuba ngumzali akusayizi elingana
• Kuyini ukuba ngumzali okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili?
• Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokunamathisela ukuba ngumzali
• Ukubopha ukuzalwa
• Ukuncelisa ibele
• Isikhundla sethu: I-Fed ihamba phambili
• Ukugqoka kwengane
• Ukwabelana ngombhede
• Isikhundla sethu: Ukuphepha kuqala
• Ukukholelwa ekukhaleni kwengane
• Ibhalansi nemingcele
• Okunamathiselwe kokukhulisa izingane
• Ukuzalwa
• Izinyanga ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-12
• Okunamathiselwe kokubeletha kwezingane
• Izinzuzo zokunamathiselwa komzali
• Ububi bokunamathiselwa komzali
• Ukuthatha

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Kusukela lapho ubeka khona amehlo enganeni yakho entsha, kukhona ushintsho enjongweni yempilo yakho. Ngelinye ilanga uhlelo lwakho lwangempelasonto lugcwele ukuhambela wedwa kokuzijabulisa, ukuzinakekela, nezinsuku, nokulandelayo, uhlala ngokungenamahloni emabhulukweni e-yoga kanti unakekela ngothando i-coo yakho entsha emnandi. (Inothi eliseceleni: Khumbula ukuqhubeka nokunakekela, futhi!)

Ngemuva kwalawo masonto ambalwa okufiphalisayo (noma izinyanga) zobusuku bokungalali, ukuqhuma komhlathi, nezikhathi zokudla zehora nehora, kungenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni uza emoyeni uzonquma ukuthi uzothatha kanjani i-supermom (noma i-superdad) lokhu into yokuba ngumzali ngesitayela esifanelana nezinkolelo zakho nomndeni wakho onamandla.

Ukuba ngumzali akusayizi elingana

Ngenkathi ungahle uzizwe unengcindezi enkulu yokukhetha eyodwa isitayela, iqiniso eliduduzayo yilokhu: Ngomzuzwana, uba umzali, kepha isenzo sokuba ngumzali luhambo lweqiniso. Ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuba ngumzali ofuna ukuyisebenzisa kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola.

Nakulokhu futhi, ayikho indlela elingana nosayizi owodwa. Isitayela sakho sokuba ngumzali singashintsha ngokuya ngezidingo eziguqukayo zohlelo lomndeni wakho.

Sizobhekisisa ifilosofi yokukhulisa izingane okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili, kodwa uzizwe unamandla okwenza eyakho okwakho isitayela sokuba ngumzali esiphuma futhi sigeleze. Khumbula ukuthi sigcizelela ukwamukela imikhuba esekwe ebufakazini egqugquzela impilo nokuvikeleka okukhulu kokuziqhenya nenjabulo yakho.

Kuyini ukuba ngumzali okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili?

Okunamathiselwe ukuba ngumzali kuyifilosofi yesimanje yokuba ngumzali ngokususelwa kumqondo wokunamathisela, owaqanjwa ngomsebenzi wososayensi bezengqondo bezingane ababili. Lo mbono osekelwa ngocwaningo usekelwe emcabangweni wokuthi ukuxhumana komzali nokuphendula ezidingweni zengane yakhe kunomphumela waphakade empilweni yezingane engokomzwelo yangakusasa kanye nobudlelwano.

Ukunamathiselwa komzali kuthatha lokhu izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuqhubekela phambili. Igcizelela ukwakha izibopho ezingokomzimba ezingokomzali nomzali ngokusebenzisa “amathuluzi” aqokiwe. Lawa mathuluzi aklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukuzwelana okukhulu, ukuphendula, nokuthinta ngokomzimba.

Inkolelo ukuthi le ndlela izokhulisa ukuzethemba komzali nengane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzali ufunda ukukhomba ngokufanele futhi aphendule izimpawu zomntwana wakhe, futhi ingane izizwa iqinisekile ukuthi izidingo zayo zizohlangatshezwa.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokunamathisela ukuba ngumzali

Yize wonke umzali onothando ehlose ukulalelisisa, ukwahlukana phakathi kwezitayela zobuzali konke ku “kanjani”. Ngezansi, simboza amathuluzi ayisisekelo wokuthi kwenziwa kanjani (abizwa nge- "Baby B's") aqondisa ukuba ngumzali kokunamathiselwe.

Njengoba ufunda lezi, cabanga ukuthi ungakhomba ngethuluzi elilodwa kepha hhayi amanye. Futhi uma kukhona ithuluzi ongakhululeki ngalo - njengoba ezinye zingahambisani ngokuphelele nezincomo zamanje ze-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) - sikukhuthaza kakhulu ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wezingane ngakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwengane yakho.

Ukubopha ukuzalwa

Ukunamathiselwa komzali kubheka ukuhlangana kokuqala phakathi komama / obaba nengane ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa - kuze kufike emavikini ayisithupha okuqala - njengesinyathelo esibucayi ekwakheni okunamathiselwe okunempilo komzali nengane isikhathi eside.

Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba nokuhlangana njalo phakathi komzali nengane ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhuliswa kwezinsana okuvela kunina ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuxoxwe ngawo ngezansi.

Ukuncelisa ibele

Ngokunamathiselwa komzali, ukuncelisa ibele kubhekwa njengendlela ebalulekile yokukhulisa nokunethezeka ingane yakho.Kukhuthaza ukuthintwa okungokomzimba namathuba okuphendula kulokho okushiwo yindlala yengane yakho. Ukuncelisa ibele kubuye kudale nomzimba womama ukuthi ukhiphe ama-hormone angahle athuthukise imizwelo yokuba ngumama.

Isikhundla sethu: I-Fed ihamba phambili

AmaMamas, sizwe: Siyazi ukuthi ukuncelisa ibele kungakhathaza ngokomoya nangokomzimba. Kunezikhathi lapho omama abasha befuna ukuncelisa kodwa kungenzeki eziningi izizathu ezizwakalayo, nabanye omama abakhetha ukungancelisi ibele ngezizathu eziyiqiniso, futhi.

Ngenkathi isayensi nesinamathiselo sesitayela sokubakhulisa sisekela, umthombo wengane yakho wokudla okunomsoco nokubopha komama nengane kungachuma ngezinye izindlela zokudla. Ukuncelisa ibele ukukhetha komuntu siqu okungaqhutshwa yilokho okuvumela wena nengane yakho Kokubili chuma.

Ukugqoka kwengane

Cishe uke wabona zonke izinhlobo zokugoqa, ukujikijela, futhi yini onayo - ngakho-ke yini yonke inhlonipho ngokugqoka kwengane? Ngefilosofi yokubambelela yokuba ngumzali, ukugqoka ingane kukhuthaza ukusondelana ngokomzimba nokwethembana phakathi kwengane nomnakekeli wayo. Ngenkathi zigqokile, izingane nazo zingafunda ngokuphepha ngemvelo yazo, futhi abazali bangafunda ngokubhekela izingane zabo ngokusondelana okunjalo.

Ukwabelana ngombhede

Lokhu kungaba impikiswano enkulu kakhulu yamathuluzi okunamathisela ukuba umzali. Ngale ndlela, ukwabelana ngombhede kucatshangwa ukuthi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka kokuhlukaniswa kwengane ebusuku futhi kwenze ukuncelisa ibele ebusuku kube lula kumama.

Kodwa-ke, kunesigungu esinamandla sokucwaninga esiqaphela izingozi ezinkulu ezibandakanyeka ekulaleni ngokubambisana, kufaka phakathi isifo sokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo (SIDS), ukufuthwa umoya, ukuncishwa komoya-mpilo, nokubanjwa kwizembozo noma ngokungabanjwanga okubanjwe ngumnakekeli ngenkathi elele.

Isikhundla sethu: Ukuphepha kuqala

Ngokushayisana nezincomo zokwabelana ngombhede zokunamathiselwa komzali, Imihlahlandlela Yokulala Okuphephile ekhishwe yi-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) incoma ukuthi ulale egumbini elilodwa nengane yakho okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kuze kube unyaka owodwa, kodwa ngokulala okuhlukile izindawo. Eqinisweni, i-AAP ithi lokho igumbi-ukwabelana kunganciphisa ubungozi be-SIDS ngamaphesenti angama-50 (kepha umbhede-ukwabelana kungakhulisa).

Ezinye izincomo zokulala okuphephile ezivela ku-AAP zifaka:

• ukubeka ingane yakho ukuba ilale ngomhlane endaweni eqinile
• usebenzisa amashidi abamba ngokulingana embhedeni ongenalutho ngaphandle kombhede othambile, izingubo zokulala, amathoyizi, noma imicamelo
• ukuvikela ingane yakho ekuvezeni ukubhema, utshwala, nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
• ukuhlinzeka nge-pacifier ngesikhathi sokulala nesikhathi sokulala (lena nayo iphikisana nezincomo zokunamathisela abazali, okusho ukuthi ama-pacifiers angaphazamisa ukuncelisa)

Ukukholelwa ekukhaleni kwengane

Ekunamathiselwe komzali, ukukhala kwengane kubhekwa njengendlela yabo yokuxhumana nesidingo - hhayi njengendlela yokuphatha. Okunamathiselwe abazali bayashesha ukuphendula ngokuzwakala kukho konke ukukhala kwengane yabo ukukhuthaza ukuthembela okukhulayo kwabanakekeli bezinsana futhi bafunde isitayela sokuxhumana sengane yabo.

Ibhalansi nemingcele

Ukuba ngumzali kungafaniswa nokuba ngumholi wesekisi. Umzuzu owodwa unezindlovu ezimasha zilandelana, futhi ngomzuzwana ohlukanisiwe, ziyancibilika ngesiphithiphithi esihlanzekile samakinati.

Ngakho-ke umqondo wokulinganisela ukulindela okunzima ukuhlangabezana namaphesenti ayi-100 esikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokukhulisa usana (nakuyo yonke iminyaka yobudlova obungokomzwelo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlala uzama ukuthola ukulingana okusha phakathi kokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zengane yakho, wena, umlingani wakho, nabo bonke obunye ubudlelwano nezibopho zakho. Ukuvuselelwa kwesimo sakho? Kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokusemqoka, ukuba ngumzali okunamathiselwe kukhuthaza ukulingisa enganeni yakho, ngokwakho, kanye nasezidingweni zabanye emkhakheni wezemvelo womndeni wakho. Kuyasiza ekutholeni izindlela zokuphendula ngokuthula nangokufanele (yebo noma cha) futhi ucele nosizo uma uludinga (yep - lokho akulula, noma).

Okunamathiselwe kokukhulisa izingane

Ngokuphambene nokunamathiselwa komzali, ezinye izitayela ezenzelwe uhlelo zithatha indlela "yokuqeqesha izingane". Ungabona lesi sitayela kumasu "wokumemeza" adala ukuzimela okwengeziwe kwabazali bezingane kanye nezinhlelo eziqinile zokondla nokulala.

Ekubambisaneni nokuba ngumzali, noma kunjalo, ukukhala kwezinsana kubonwa njengethuluzi labo lokuxhumana, okuvumela i- ingane ukuqondisa lezi zidingo kunokuba umzali azigomele.

Uzobona le ngqikimba ezibonelweni ezilandelayo zendlela amasu wokukhulisa okunamathiselwe angahle abukeke ngayo kusukela ekuzalweni kuye eminyakeni yobudala engu-1.

Ukuzalwa

• Ukuxhumana kwesikhumba nesikhumba nokusondelana komzimba phakathi kukamama nengane kuqala ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.
• Ukuncelisa ingane ibele kuqala ngokushesha okukhulu emva kokuzalwa.
• Umama nobaba babamba ingane yabo entsha kaningi.
• Abazali baqala ukulalela ukukhala kanye nezimpawu zengane yabo ukuze bafunde izinkomba, ubumnene, nezidingo.
• Umama usungula ukuncelisa nge-schedule yokufunwa okufunwayo.
• Ama-pacifiers ayagwenywa ukuze kuthobise futhi ukuncelisa ibele kunikelwa esikhundleni salokho.

Izinyanga ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-12

• Abazali babamba futhi bagqoke umntwana kaningi ophethe ingane ephephile.
• Umama uvumela ingane iqondise lapho kunikezwa khona ukudla, ikhuthaza ukuncelisa njalo.
• Abazali baphendula ukukhala kwengane ngokushesha futhi banakekele zonke izidingo ngokuzwela.
• Abazali bafunda ngokuziphatha kwengane, ukubukeka kobuso, namaphethini ukwakha ulwazi olungokwemvelo ngempilo yengane, isimo sayo, nezidingo zayo.
• Ukulala komzali nengane (futhi, lokhu akunconyiwe yi-AAP) noma ukulala egumbini elilodwa (lokhu kunconywe yi-AAP).
• Indlela yabazali igcizelela ukuzwelana nokuqhuma kwengane noma imizwa engemihle.
• Ama-Pacifiers asagwenywa.

Okunamathiselwe kokubeletha kwezingane

Okunamathiselwe ukuba ngumzali ezinganeni kuhamba ngemigomo efanayo yokuxhumana komzali nengane. Kepha amathuluzi ayashintsha njengokushintshela kwengane kulesi sigaba sokuzimela (futhi esinomsindo) sokuthuthuka.

Isitayela sisaqondiswa kakhulu yizingane, futhi kunconywa ukugcina isikhathi esivulekile samathuluzi okulumula, kufaka phakathi lawo ahlobene nokulala ngokubambisana nokuncelisa ibele, ngokuya ngezimpawu zokulungela kwengane.

Isitayela sokunamathisela sokuba ngumzali ebusheni buzobukeka buhlukile emndenini ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, nazi ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile lapho izimiso kungasondelwa khona nengane yakho encane.

• Ukuncelisa ibele kungaqhubeka nobudala obudlule 1 futhi kulunyulwe kancane njengoba kuqondiswe izinkomba zengane.
• Imihlahlandlela yozwela lwabazali ephendula izidingo zengane.
• Abazali baqinisekisa (futhi musa ukuxubha noma ukuthethisa) imizwa engemihle yengane (ukwesaba, intukuthelo, nokukhungatheka) engahle iboshwe ekuziphatheni okungathandeki (ukukhala, ukudinwa, ukuphonsa, nokushaya).
• Ukulala ndawonye kuyaqhubeka kuze kuqondiswe ukulungela kwengane ukulala ngokuzimela.
• Abazali bakhuthaza ukuthintana nabathwali bezingane ezisacathula, ukugonwa, nokusondelana ngokomzimba.
• Abazali bavumela ingane ukuthi ikwazi ukuzimela futhi yenze izinqumo lapho kuphephile futhi kufanelekile.
• Ukuyala kwenziwa ngesiqondiso esimnene nokuqiniswa okuhle kunokuba kube nokujeziswa okuqinile noma okunokhahlo.

Izinzuzo zokunamathiselwa komzali

Umhlomulo osekelwa kakhulu ocwaningweni wokuba ngumzali wokunamathiselwe ungahle uhlobene nokuncelisa ibele kanye nezinzuzo zalo eziningi eziqinisekisiwe zezokwelapha, ezomsoco, ezokuthuthuka, neze-neuromotor. Ngokwenqubomgomo ye-AAP eshicilelwe ngo-2012, ukuncelisa ibele kunconywa kuphela izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kuqhubeka nokuqina kuze kube unyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Ngokwengeziwe, inzuzo eyodwa emangalisayo yalesi sitayela sokuba ngumzali ichazwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-meta ka-2019. Kukhombise ukuthi izingane ezinabazali ababehambisana futhi abanakekela izidingo zabo ezingokomzwelo nezingokomzimba babenamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthuthuka amakhono olimi angcono kunezingane ezingazange zithole lesi sitayela.

Ukufunda ikhono lokulawulwa ngokomzwelo kungaba enye inqubo yokunamathisela ukuba ngumzali. Lo mbhalo ka-2010 uphethe ngokuthi izingane ezivezwa isitayela sokuphendula kakhulu ekukhaleni zikhala kancane, zikhombisa ukucindezeleka okuncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsana ezindala nezingane ezithonywe ukukhulisa izingane eziphendulayo ziye zaphawulwa ukulawula kangcono imizwa efana nokwesaba, intukuthelo, kanye nosizi.

Futhi, lokhu kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabo ekucindezelekeni, okungathinta kahle ukukhula kwengqondo kanye nokukwazi ukubhekana nengcindezi kamuva empilweni.

Ububi bokunamathiselwa komzali

I-con ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engaba yimbi kakhulu yokunamathisela ukuba ngumzali kuzungeze ukwabiwa kombhede. Njengoba sibonile, ubungozi bokuminyaniswa ne-SIDS bukhulu ngokulala ngokubambisana kunokuba nokwabelana ngamagumbi, umkhuba lapho ingane ibekwa khona endaweni ehlukile nephephile yokulala ngaphakathi kwegumbi elilodwa.

Futhi ngenkathi imiphumela ingabhalwanga ngocwaningo oluningi, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okunamathisela ukuba ngumzali kungadinga kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo kumzali (ngokwesiko, umama oncelisayo) noma umnakekeli oyinhloko.

Ukuncelisa okufunwayo nokusondelana okungokomzimba okuqhubekayo okugcizelelwe kule ndlela kungakhawulela amandla kamama okusungula amaphethini akhe okulala okunempilo, abuyele emsebenzini, noma agcine nezinga elifanayo lokusondelana nomlingani wakhe (okungenani isikhathi esithile). Ngakho-ke, wonke amathuluzi okunamathisela ukuba umzali kungenzeka angasebenzi kahle ngezimpilo zemindeni ethile.

Ukuthatha

Ukuletha umntwana omusha empilweni yakho kungazamazamisa umhlaba wakho ngezindlela eziningi. Futhi siyazi ukuthi umama unecala ungokoqobo, ngakho-ke lapho usondela kuzitayela zobuzali, funda eziningana ukuze ufunde amasu ahambisana nezinkolelo zakho, impilo, izinhloso, nomndeni wakho onamandla.

Kubonakala sengathi inzuzo ezuzisa kakhulu yesikhathi eside yokunamathisela ukuba ngumzali ukwakha isitayela sokuphendula somzali esiqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zengane yakho ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ngendlela ezwelayo nozwela.

Futhi ngenkathi izinzuzo zokuncelisa ibele zaziwa kahle, kuyisinqumo somuntu ngamunye kumama ngamunye omusha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, qaphela ngokulala ndawonye. Sincoma ukuxoxa ngemihlahlandlela yokulala ephephile nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi lokuba ngumzali lokunamathiselwe.

Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuba ngumzali okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili, nazi izincwadi ezimbalwa ongazihlola.

• Okunamathiselwe Kokuba ngumzali: Ukunakekelwa Okungokwemvelo Kwengane Yakho Nengane Encane nguKatie Allison Granju noBetsy Kennedy

• Ngaphandle Kwendwayimane: Umhlahlandlela Wangempela Wokuphila Ukukhulisa Ukuzethemba, Izingane Ezinothando Indlela Yokukhulisa Okunamathiselwe nguMayim Bialik

• Ukuba ngumzali okunamathiselwe kwesimanje: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhulisa Ingane Ephephile nguJamie Grumet