Konke Mayelana ne-Autonomic Dysreflexia (Autonomic Hyperreflexia)

-Delile

• Kuyini i-autonomic dysreflexia (AD)?
• I-autonomic dysreflexia yenzeka kanjani emzimbeni
• Zisebenza kanjani ngokujwayelekile
• Kwenzekani nge-AD
• Izimpawu
• Izimbangela
• Kutholakala kanjani
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukuvimbela
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Kuyini i-autonomic dysreflexia (AD)?

I-Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) yisimo lapho uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa olungazibandakanyi ludlulela kuzinto zangaphandle noma zomzimba. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-autonomic hyperreflexia. Lokhu kusabela kubangela:

• i-spike eyingozi ekucindezelweni kwegazi
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane
• ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi yakho yomngcele
• ezinye izinguquko emisebenzini yokuzimela yomzimba wakho

Isimo sivame ukubonakala kubantu abanokulimala komgogodla ngaphezu kwe-vertebra yesithupha ye-thoracic, noma i-T6.

Kungathinta nabantu abane-multiple sclerosis, i-Guillain-Barre syndrome, nokulimala okuthile ekhanda noma ebuchosheni. I-AD ingaba nomphumela oseceleni wemithi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

I-AD yisimo esibi esibhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kungasongela impilo futhi kuholele kulokhu:

• unhlangothi
• Ukopha ebuchotsheni
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• i-edema yamaphaphu

I-autonomic dysreflexia yenzeka kanjani emzimbeni

Ukuqonda i-AD, kuyasiza ukuqonda uhlelo lwe-autonomic nervous system (ANS). I-ANS iyingxenye yesistimu yezinzwa ebhekele ukugcina ukusebenza komzimba okungazibandakanyi, njenge:

• ukushaya kwegazi
• amazinga enhliziyo nokuphefumula
• izinga lokushisa komzimba
• ukugaya
• umzimba
• ibhalansi yamanzi kanye nama-electrolyte
• ukukhiqizwa ketshezi lomzimba
• ukuchama
• ukuzikhulula
• impendulo yezocansi

Kunamagatsha amabili e-ANS:

• uhlelo oluzwelayo lwe-autonomic nervous (SANS)
• uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele lwe-parasympathetic (PANS)

Zisebenza kanjani ngokujwayelekile

I-SANS ne-PANS zisebenza ngezindlela ezingafani. Lokhu kugcina ibhalansi yemisebenzi engazibandakanyi emzimbeni wakho. Ngamanye amagama, uma i-SANS izithathela phezulu, i-PANS ingayinxephezela.

Nasi isibonelo. Uma ubona ibhere, uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluzwelayo lungaqala ukusabela kokulwa noma indiza. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaye ngamandla, umfutho wegazi ukhuphuke, nemithambo yegazi yakho ilungele ukupompa igazi eliningi.

Kodwa kuthiwani uma ubona ukuthi ubenze iphutha futhi bekungelona ibhere? Ubungeke udinge ukukhuthazwa kwe-SANS yakho, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic luzongena ekusebenzeni. I-PANS yakho izobuyisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nomfutho wegazi emuva kokujwayelekile.

Kwenzekani nge-AD

I-AD iphazamisa zombili izinhlelo zezinzwa ezizwelana nozwela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-SANS yomzimba izithathela izinto ezishukumisayo, njengesinye esigcwele. Ngaphezu, ama-PANS awakwazi ukumisa ngempumelelo leyo mpendulo. Kungayenza ibe yimbi nakakhulu.

Umzimba wakho ongezansi usakha izibonakaliso eziningi zezinzwa ngemuva kokulimala komgogodla. Lezi zimpawu zikhuluma ngemisebenzi yakho yomzimba, efana nesimo sesinye, amathumbu nokugaya. Izimpawu azikwazi ukudlula ukulimala komgogodla ebuchosheni bakho.

Kodwa-ke, imilayezo isaya ezingxenyeni zezinhlelo zokuzimela ezizwelayo nezinohlonze ezisebenza ngaphansi kokulimala komgogodla.

Izimpawu zingadala i-SANS ne-PANS, kepha ubuchopho abukwazi ukubaphendula ngokufanele ngakho-ke abasasebenzi ngempumelelo njengeqembu. Umphumela uba ukuthi i-SANS ne-PANS zingaphuma ekulawuleni.

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kungancipha kakhulu ngoba izinzwa zengcindezi ezisemithanjeni ye-carotid noma i-aorta (ebizwa nge-baroreceptors) ziphendula umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokungajwayelekile futhi zithumele isiginali ebuchosheni ukuthi umfutho wegazi uphezulu kakhulu.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-AD zingafaka:

• ukukhathazeka nokwesaba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okuhamba kancane
• ukuminyana kwamakhala
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngokufundwa kwe-systolic kaningi ngaphezu kwe-200 mm Hg
• ikhanda elishayayo
• ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
• ukujuluka okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ebunzini
• ubumhlophe
• isiyezi
• ukudideka
• abafundi abahlanzekile

Izimbangela

Izimbangela ze-AD kubantu abanokulimala kwentambo yomgogodla kungaba yinoma yini edala izimpawu zesibindi ku-SANS ne-PANS, kufaka phakathi:

• isinye
• ipayipi elivalekile
• ukugcinwa komchamo
• ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
• amatshe esinye
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukuthinteka kwamathumbu
• ama-hemorrhoids
• ukucasuka kwesikhumba
• izilonda zengcindezi
• izingubo eziqinile

Kutholakala kanjani

I-AD idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzoyelapha ngokushesha le nkinga. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kwizimpawu ezibonakalayo, kanye nokufundwa kwe-pulse kanye nomfutho wegazi.

Lapho isimo esiphuthumayo sesidlulile, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzofuna ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele futhi enze izivivinyo zokuxilonga. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume imbangela ngqo futhi aqede ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona.

Ukwelashwa

Inhloso yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho nokuqeda isikhuthazi esibangela ukusabela. Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingabandakanya:

• ukukuhambisa endaweni yokuhlala ukuze igazi ligelezele ezinyaweni zakho
• ukususa izingubo eziqinile namasokisi
• ngibheka ipayipi elivalekile
• ukukhipha isinye esikhishwe nge-catheter
• ukususa noma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingabangela, njengokuhlelwa komoya okukushaya noma izinto ezithinta isikhumba sakho
• ekwelapha ngokungenzi kahle kwendle
• ukufaka ama-vasodilator noma ezinye izidakamizwa ukuze ulawule umfutho wegazi lakho

Ukuvimbela

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa kwesikhathi eside kufanele kukhombe futhi kubhekane nezinkinga ezibangela i-AD. Uhlelo lokwelashwa lwesikhathi eside lungafaka:

• izinguquko emithini noma ekudleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqedwa
• ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwama-catheters womchamo
• imithi yomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• imithi noma i-pacemaker yokuqinisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho
• ukuzilawula ukugwema izimbangela

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside?

Umbono awuqinisekile uma isimo sakho singenxa yezimo okunzima ukuzilawula noma izimbangela ezingaziwa. Iziqephu eziphindaphindwayo zama-spikes angalawuleki noma ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi kungaholela ekushayweni unhlangothi noma ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.

Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuthola izimbangela zakho bese uthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha.

Uma ukwazi ukuphatha okubangela i-AD, umbono muhle.