Umkhuhlane Wezinyoni

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Yini ebangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Ziyini izinto ezibangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Utholakala kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Yini ukwelashwa komkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Uyini umbono womuntu onomkhuhlane wezinyoni?
• Uvinjelwa kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Yini i-bird flu?

Umkhuhlane wezinyoni, obizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wezinyoni, wukutheleleka ngegciwane okungatheleleli izinyoni kuphela, kepha nabantu nezinye izilwane. Izinhlobo eziningi zaleli gciwane zivinjelwe izinyoni kuphela.

I-H5N1 iyona ndlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yomkhuhlane wezinyoni. Kuyabulala izinyoni futhi kungathinta kalula abantu nezinye izilwane ezihlangana nomphathi. Ngokusho kwe-H5N1 yaqala ukutholwa kubantu ngo-1997 futhi yabulala cishe labo abanesifo.

Njengamanje, leli gciwane alaziwa ukuthi lisakazeka ngokuxhumana nabantu. Noma kunjalo, abanye ochwepheshe bakhathazeka ngokuthi i-H5N1 ingahle ibe yingozi yokuba usongo olubhebhethekisayo kubantu.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Ungaba nokutheleleka nge-H5N1 uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zomkhuhlane ezifana nokuthi:

• ukukhwehlela
• isifo sohudo
• ubunzima bokuphefumula
• umkhuhlane (ngaphezu kuka-100.4 ° F noma u-38 ° C)
• ikhanda
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukulele
• ikhala eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu

Uma uvezwa umkhuhlane wezinyoni, kufanele wazise abasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba ufike ehhovisi likadokotela noma esibhedlela. Ukubazisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzobavumela ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvikela abasebenzi nezinye iziguli ngaphambi kokukunakekela.

Yini ebangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Yize kunezinhlobo eziningana zomkhuhlane wezinyoni, i-H5N1 kwakuyigciwane lokuqala lomkhuhlane wezinyoni elatheleleka kubantu. Ukutheleleka kokuqala kwenzeka eHong Kong ngo-1997. Ukuqubuka kwaxhunyaniswa nokuphatha izinkukhu ezinegciwane.

I-H5N1 ivela ngokwemvelo ezinyoni zasendle zasendle, kepha ingasakazeka kalula ezinkukhu ezifuywayo. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kubantu ngokuthintana nendle yezinyoni ezithelelekile, uketshezi lwamakhala, noma uketshezi oluvela emlonyeni noma emehlweni.

Ukudla izinkukhu eziphekiwe noma amaqanda aphekwe kahle ezinyonini ezinegciwane akudlulisi umkhuhlane wezinyoni, kodwa amaqanda akufanele anikezwe i-runny. Inyama ibhekwa njengephephile uma iphekwe ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuka-165ºF (73.9ºC).

Ziyini izinto ezibangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

I-H5N1 inamandla okusinda isikhathi eside. Izinyoni ezitheleleke nge-H5N1 ziyaqhubeka nokukhipha leli gciwane endleni nasematheni isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-10. Ukuthinta izindawo ezingcolile kungasabalalisa ukutheleleka.

Ungaba nengozi enkulu yokuthola i-H5N1 uma uyi:

• umlimi wezinkukhu
• isihambi esivakashela izindawo ezithintekile
• kuvezwe izinyoni ezinegciwane
• umuntu odla izinkukhu noma amaqanda angaphekiwe
• umsebenzi wezempilo onakekela iziguli ezinegciwane
• ilungu lomndeni lomuntu onegciwane

Utholakala kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

U-Uvumile ukuhlolwa okwenzelwe ukukhomba umkhuhlane wezinyoni. Ukuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi yi-influenza A / H5 (uhlu lozalo lwase-Asia) igciwane lesikhathi sangempela i-RT-PCR primer kanye ne-probe set. Inganikeza imiphumela yokuqala emahoreni amane kuphela. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa akutholakali kabanzi.

Udokotela wakho angenza futhi izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukubheka ukuba khona kwegciwane elibangela umkhuhlane wezinyoni:

• i-auscultation (isivivinyo esithola imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile)
• umehluko wamaseli egazi amhlophe
• isiko le-nasopharyngeal
• X-ray esifubeni

Ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kungenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho, izinso, nesibindi.

Yini ukwelashwa komkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomkhuhlane wezinyoni zingadala izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa kungahluka.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) noma i-zanamivir (i-Relenza) kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubucayi besifo. Kodwa-ke, umuthi kufanele uthathwe kungakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu.

Igciwane elibanga uhlobo lomuntu lomkhuhlane lingaqala ukumelana nezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zemithi elwa namagciwane, i-amantadine ne-rimantadine (i-Flumadine). Le mithi akufanele isetshenziselwe ukwelapha lesi sifo.

Umndeni wakho noma abanye abasondelene nawe futhi bangabekwa imishanguzo njengesivimbelo, noma ngabe abaguli. Uzobekwa wedwa ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.

Udokotela wakho angakubeka emshinini wokuphefumula uma uthola ukutheleleka okunzima.

Uyini umbono womuntu onomkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Umbono wokutheleleka komkhuhlane wezinyoni kuncike ebukhulwini bokutheleleka kanye nohlobo lwegciwane lomkhuhlane elibangelayo. I-H5N1 inesilinganiso esiphakeme sokufa, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zingenayo.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:

• i-sepsis (impendulo engaba yingozi yokuvuvukala kubhaktheriya namanye amagciwane)
• inyumoniya
• ukwehluleka komzimba
• ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokuphefumula

Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu zomkhuhlane kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 usingatha izinyoni noma uye ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka komkhuhlane wezinyoni owaziwayo.

Uvinjelwa kanjani umkhuhlane wezinyoni?

Udokotela wakho angakutusa ukuthi uthole umkhuhlane ukuze ungatholi nomkhuhlane womuntu. Uma uthuthukisa umkhuhlane wezinyoni nowomuntu ngasikhathi sinye, kungadala uhlobo olusha futhi olubulalayo lomkhuhlane.

I-CDC ayikhiphanga ziphakamiso mayelana nokuhambela amazwe athinteka yi-H5N1. Noma kunjalo, unganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngokugwema:

• izimakethe ezivulekile
• ukuxhumana nezinyoni ezinegciwane
• izinkukhu ezingaphekiwe

Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanzekile futhi ugeza izandla njalo.

I-FDA ivume umuthi wokugoma owenzelwe ukuvikela umkhuhlane wezinyoni, kepha umuthi wokugoma awutholakali okwamanje emphakathini. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usetshenziswe uma i-H5N1 iqala ukusabalala kubantu.