Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kokutheleleka Ngegciwane Namagciwane?

-Delile

• Uyini umehluko?
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kudluliselwa kanjani?
• Yiziphi izifo ezivamile zebhaktheriya?
• Zidluliselwa kanjani izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane?
• Yiziphi izifo ezivamile zegciwane?
• Ingabe igciwane lami elibandayo noma igciwane?
• Ungawusebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngegciwane?
• Ngabe isisu sami sinamagciwane noma yigciwane?
• Zitholakala kanjani izifo?
• Yikuphi ukutheleleka okuphathwa ngama-antibiotic?
• Zelashwa kanjani izifo ezithathelwanayo?
• Imithi elwa namagciwane
• Ungazivikela kanjani izifo
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka
• Goma
• Ungaphumi uma uyagula
• Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile
• Qiniseka ukuthi ukudla kuphekwe kahle
• Vikela ukulunywa yizimbungulu
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Uyini umehluko?

Amagciwane namagciwane angadala izifo eziningi ezivamile. Kodwa uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ezithathelwanayo?

Amagciwane amancane amancane akhiwa yingqamuzana elilodwa. Zihluke kakhulu futhi zingaba nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimo nezici zesakhiwo.

Amagciwane angahlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo ongayicabanga, kufaka phakathi noma emzimbeni womuntu.

Idlanzana kuphela lamagciwane adala izifo kubantu. Lawa mabhaktheriya abizwa ngamagciwane we-pathogenic.

Ama-virus ngolunye uhlobo lwe-microorganism encane, yize emincane kakhulu kunamagciwane. Njengamagciwane, ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi anezimo ezahlukahlukene nezici.

Amagciwane angama-parasitic. Lokho kusho ukuthi badinga amangqamuzana aphilayo noma izicubu ukuze zikhule.

Amagciwane angahlasela amangqamuzana omzimba wakho, esebenzisa izingxenye zamaseli akho ukuze zikhule futhi zande. Amanye amagciwane aze abulale amangqamuzana aphethe njengengxenye yomjikelezo wawo wempilo.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezifo.

Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kudluliselwa kanjani?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwamagciwane kuyathathelana, okusho ukuthi kungadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye. Kunezindlela eziningi lokhu okungenzeka ngazo, kufaka phakathi:

• ukuxhumana okusondelene nomuntu onesifo segciwane, kufaka phakathi ukuthinta nokuqabula
• ukuxhumana namanzi oketshezi lomzimba womuntu onesifo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuya ocansini noma lapho umuntu ekhwehlela noma ethimula
• ukudluliswa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha
• ukuthintana nezindawo ezingcoliswe amagciwane, njengezibambo zomnyango noma izibambo zompompi bese uthinta ubuso bakho, impumulo, noma umlomo

Ngaphezu kokudluliswa kusuka kumuntu kuye komunye, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nazo zingadluliselwa ngokuluma kwesinambuzane esinegciwane. Ngokwengeziwe, ukudla ukudla noma amanzi angcolile nakho kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile zebhaktheriya?

Ezinye izibonelo zokutheleleka ngamagciwane zifaka:

• strep umphimbo
• ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTI)
• ukudla okunobuthi kwamagciwane
• gonorrhea
• isifo sofuba
• meningitis yebhaktheriya
• i-cellulitis
• Isifo seLyme
• ngqi

Zidluliselwa kanjani izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane?

Njengezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukutheleleka okuningi ngegciwane nakho kuyathathelana. Zingadluliselwa zisuka kumuntu ziye komunye ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi:

• ukusondelana kakhulu nomuntu onesifo segciwane
• ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba lomuntu one-virus
• ukudluliswa kusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha
• ukuthintana nezindawo ezingcolile

Futhi, ngokufana nokutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungadluliselwa ngokulunywa yisinambuzane esinegciwane noma ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi angcolisiwe.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile zegciwane?

Ezinye izibonelo zokutheleleka ngegciwane zifaka:

• umkhuhlane
• umkhuhlane ovamile
• i-gastroenteritis yegciwane
• inqubulunjwana
• isimungumungwane
• i-meningitis yegciwane
• izinsumpa
• igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV)
• i-hepatitis yegciwane
• Igciwane leZika
• Igciwane le-West Nile

ICOVID-19 ngesinye isifo esibangelwa igciwane. Leli gciwane livame ukudala:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• imfiva
• ukukhwehlela okomile

Shayela izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ukukhathala okukhulu
• ubuhlungu obungaguquguquki noma ukuqina esifubeni

Ingabe igciwane lami elibandayo noma igciwane?

Umkhuhlane ungadala ikhala eligobekile noma eligijimayo, umphimbo obuhlungu, nomkhuhlane ophansi, kepha ngabe igciwane elibandayo noma igciwane?

Umkhuhlane ovamile ubangelwa amagciwane amaningi ahlukene, yize ama-rhinoviruses ngokuvamile eyimbangela yawo.

Akukho okuningi ongakwenza ukwelapha umkhuhlane ngaphandle kokuwulinda bese usebenzisa imishanguzo yokuthenga (i-OTC) ukusiza ukukhulula izimpawu zakho.

Kwezinye izimo, ukutheleleka kwesibili kwebhaktheriya kungakhula ngesikhathi noma kulandela umkhuhlane. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezifo zesibili zebhaktheriya zifaka:

• izifo zesinus
• izifo zendlebe
• inyumoniya

Kungenzeka ukuthi usungule igciwane uma:

• izimpawu zihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14
• izimpawu ziyaqhubeka nokuba zimbi kakhulu kunokuthuthuka ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa
• unomkhuhlane ophakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile obonwa umkhuhlane

Ungawusebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukuthola ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngegciwane?

Kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa umbala we-mucus ukuthola ukuthi unesifo segciwane noma igciwane.

Kunenkolelo eye yabanjwa isikhathi eside yokuthi amafinyila aluhlaza akhombisa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okudinga ama-antibiotic. Eqinisweni, amafinyila aluhlaza empeleni abangelwa yizinto ezikhishwe amaseli akho omzimba ekuphenduleni umhlaseli wangaphandle.

Ungaba namafinyila aluhlaza ngenxa yezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• amagciwane
• amagciwane
• ukungezwani komzimba ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka

Ngabe isisu sami sinamagciwane noma yigciwane?

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, isifo sohudo, noma amajaqamba esiswini, ungahle ube nenkinga yesisu. Kepha kungenxa yesifo segciwane noma igciwane?

Izimbungulu zesisu ngokuvamile ziwela ezigabeni ezimbili ngokuya ngokuthi zitholwa kanjani:

• I-Gastroenteritis ukutheleleka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla. Kubangelwa ukuthintana nesitulo noma ukugabha okuvela kumuntu onalesi sifo.
• Ubuthi bokudla ukutheleleka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla okubangelwa ukudla ukudla noma oketshezi okungcolisiwe.

I-gastroenteritis kanye nokudla okunoshevu kungabangelwa yigciwane kanye nama-bacteria. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyini imbangela, kaningi izimpawu zakho zizophela osukwini olulodwa noma ezimbili ngokunakekelwa okuhle kwasekhaya.

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezintathu, zidala isifo sohudo esinegazi, noma ziholele ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu zingakhombisa ukutheleleka okunzima okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Zitholakala kanjani izifo?

Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuxilonga isimo sakho ngokuya ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu zakho.

Isibonelo, izimo ezinjengemungumungwane noma inkukhu inezimpawu zesifo ezingatholwa ngokuhlolwa komzimba okulula.

Ngokwengeziwe, uma kukhona ubhadane lwamanje lwesifo esithile, udokotela wakho uzokufaka lokho ekuxilongweni kwabo. Isibonelo umkhuhlane, obangela ubhadane lwangezikhathi ezithile ezinyangeni ezibandayo zonyaka.

Uma udokotela wakho efuna ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomzimba olungadala isimo sakho, bangathatha isampula kusiko. Amasampula angasetshenziselwa isiko ayahlukahluka ngesimo esisolwayo, kepha angafaka:

• igazi
• amafinyila noma isikhwehlela
• umchamo
• indle
• isikhumba
• i-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Lapho i-microorganism ilinywa, ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi yini ebanga isimo sakho. Endabeni yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, kungabasiza nokuthi banqume ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic angasiza ekwelapheni isimo sakho.

Yikuphi ukutheleleka okuphathwa ngama-antibiotic?

Ama-antibiotic yimithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-antibiotic, kodwa zonke zisebenza ukugcina amabhaktheriya angakhuli ngempumelelo futhi ahlukane. Azisebenzi ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ngaphandle kokuthi kufanele uphuze ama-antibiotic kuphela ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, ama-antibiotic avame ukucelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba ukubeka ama-antibiotic ngokweqile kungaholela ekumelaneni nama-antibiotic.

Ukuphikiswa kwama-antibiotic kwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya eguquguquka ukuze akwazi ukumelana nama-antibiotic athile. Kungenza ukutheleleka okuningi kwamagciwane kube nzima ukwelapha.

Uma unikezwe ama-antibiotic wokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, thatha yonke inkambo yakho yama-antibiotic - noma ngabe uqala ukuzizwa ungcono ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukweqa amanani kungavimbela ukubulala wonke amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic.

Zelashwa kanjani izifo ezithathelwanayo?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezifo eziningi zegciwane. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukugxila ekunciphiseni izimpawu, ngenkathi umzimba wakho usebenza ukusula ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungafaka izinto ezifana:

• okuphuza uketshezi ukuvimbela ukoma
• ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi
• usebenzisa imishanguzo yezinhlungu ze-OTC, njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol) noma ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) ukukhulula izinhlungu, izinhlungu nomkhuhlane
• ukuthatha ama-OTC decongestants ukusiza ngekhala eligijimayo noma eligcwele
• ukuncela uqhoqhoqho lomphimbo ukusiza ukudambisa umphimbo obuhlungu

Imithi elwa namagciwane

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angakunikeza umuthi olwa namagciwane ukusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho.

Imithi elwa namagciwane ivimbela umjikelezo wempilo yegciwane ngandlela thile.

Ezinye izibonelo zifaka imithi efana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu) yomkhuhlane noma i-valacyclovir (i-Valtrex) ye-herpes simplex noma i-herpes zoster (shingles) yokutheleleka ngegciwane.

Ungazivikela kanjani izifo

Ungalandela izeluleko ezingezansi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukugula ngokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngegciwane:

Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka

Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla, ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela, nangaphambi nangemva kokuphatha ukudla.

Gwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho, umlomo, noma ikhala uma izandla zakho zingahlanzekile. Ungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu njenge:

• izitsha zokudla
• ukuphuza izingilazi
• amabhulashi amazinyo

Goma

Imishanguzo eminingi yokugoma iyatholakala ukusiza ukuvikela izifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane. Izibonelo zezifo ezivikelwa ngumuthi zifaka:

• isimungumungwane
• umkhuhlane
• ngqi
• ukukhohlela okubi

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi yokugoma oyitholayo.

Ungaphumi uma uyagula

Hlala ekhaya uma ugula ukusiza ukuvimbela ukudlulisela ukutheleleka kwakho kwabanye abantu.

Uma kufanele uphume, geza izandla zakho kaningi bese uthimula noma ukhwehlela ku-crook wendololwane yakho noma esikhunjeni. Qiniseka ukuthi ulahla kahle noma iziphi izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe.

Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile

Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs). Ukunciphisa inani labalingani bakho bezocansi kuye kwaboniswa nokuthi uthole i-STD.

Qiniseka ukuthi ukudla kuphekwe kahle

Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke inyama iphekwe ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza ngokuphelele noma iziphi izithelo noma imifino eluhlaza ngaphambi kokudla.

Ungavumeli izinto zokudla ezisele zihlale ekamelweni lokushisa. Esikhundleni salokho, zifake esiqandisini ngokushesha.

Vikela ukulunywa yizimbungulu

Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izinto zokuxosha izinambuzane eziqukethe izithako ezifana ne-DEET noma i-picaridin uma uzoba ngaphandle lapho izinambuzane, ezinjengomiyane nemikhaza, zidlange khona.

Gqoka amabhulukwe amade namahembe anemikhono emide, uma kungenzeka.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Amagciwane namagciwane adala izifo eziningi ezivamile, futhi lezi zifo zingadluliselwa ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuxilonga isimo sakho ngokuhlola okulula komzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungadingeka ukuthi bathathe isampula baye esikweni ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma yigciwane kukubangela ukugula kwakho.

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka ngegciwane kugxile ekwelapheni izimpawu ngenkathi ukutheleleka kuqhubeka. Yize kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa imishanguzo yokulwa namagciwane.

Ungasiza ekuvikeleni ukugula noma ukudlulisa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye ne-virus ngoku:

• ukwenza inhlanzeko enhle
• ukugonywa
• ukuhlala ekhaya lapho ugula