Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi LaseBilirubin

-Delile

• Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokuhlola i-bilirubin
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin?
• Ngikulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin?
• Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwegazi le-bilirubin?
• Uyini umphumela ojwayelekile wokuhlolwa kwegazi le-bilirubin?
• Izimbangela zemiphumela engavamile
• I-jaundice yezinsana
• Kwenzekani ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwegazi nge-bilirubin

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin?

I-Bilirubin i-pigment ephuzi esegazini lazo zonke izitokisi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin kunquma amazinga we-bilirubin emzimbeni.

Kwesinye isikhathi isibindi asikwazi ukucubungula i-bilirubin emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukweqisa kwe-bilirubin, ukuvinjelwa, noma ukuvuvukala kwesibindi.

Lapho umzimba wakho une-bilirubin eningi kakhulu, isikhumba sakho kanye namhlophe kwamehlo akho azoqala ukuphuzi. Lesi simo sibizwa nge- jaundice.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin kuzosiza ukunquma ukuthi unazo yini ezinye zalezi zimo.

I-Bilirubin yenziwa emzimbeni lapho kwephuka amaprotheni e-hemoglobin kumaseli abomvu egazi amadala. Ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana amadala kuyindlela ejwayelekile nenempilo.

Ngemuva kokujikeleza egazini lakho, i-bilirubin bese iya esibindini sakho.

Esibindi, kucutshungulwa i-bilirubin, ixutshwe nenyongo, bese ikhishelwa emathangeni enyongo bese igcinwa enyongweni yakho.

Ekugcineni, inyongo ikhishelwa emathunjini amancane ukusiza ukugaya amafutha. Ekugcineni ikhishwe ngaphakathi kwendle yakho.

I-Bilirubin enamathiselwe yisibindi ku-glucuronic acid, i-acid etholakala ku-glucose, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin eqondile, noma ehlanganisiwe. I-Bilirubin engaxhunywanga ku-glucuronic acid ibizwa ngokungaqondile, noma ngokungaqondisiwe, i-bilirubin. Yonke i-bilirubin esegazini lakho ndawonye ibizwa nge-total bilirubin.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele kwe-bilirubin kuzothola ukubalwa okunembile kwawo wonke amazinga amathathu e-bilirubin egazini lakho: okuqondile, okungaqondile, okuphelele.

Kubo bobabili abadala nezingane, izimpawu ezihlobene ne-bilirubin ephezulu zingabandakanya i-jaundice, ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo, ukukhathala, isikhumba esilumayo, umchamo omnyama nokudla okuncane.

Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokuhlola i-bilirubin

Uma i-bilirubin ingafakwanga kwi-asidi eyenziwe nge-glucose (ihlanganiswe) esibindini noma ingasuswa ngokwanele egazini, kungasho ukuthi kukhona ukulimala esibindini sakho.

Ukuhlola i-bilirubin egazini ngakho-ke kuyindlela enhle yokuhlola ukulimala kwesibindi.

I-jaundice emnene ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ingaba ngenxa yezinguquko ezijwayelekile emzimbeni we-bilirubin, noma kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwenkinga yezokwelapha.

Uma izinga lokuzalwa liphezulu kakhulu, igazi lengane lingahlolwa kaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zempilo yalo ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi. I-jaundice enganeni esanda kuzalwa ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi isongele impilo uma ishiywe ingalashwa.

Esinye isizathu samazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin kungaba ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi ayabhujiswa kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hemolysis.

Kwesinye isikhathi i-bilirubin ilinganiswa njengengxenye “yephaneli” lezivivinyo. Imvamisa, isibindi sihlolwa neqembu lezivivinyo ezibandakanya:

• i-alanine transaminase
• i-aspartate aminotransferase
• i-alkaline phosphatase
• i-albhamuin
• amaprotheni esewonke

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin?

Kudingeka inani elincane legazi lakho ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa. Isampula yegazi litholakala nge-venipuncture: Inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni ngesikhumba engalweni noma esandleni sakho, bese kuqoqwa inani elincane legazi epayipini lokuhlola.

Ngikulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin?

Kulesi sivivinyo, kuzodingeka ungadli noma uphuze noma yini ngaphandle kwamanzi amahora amane ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa. Ungaphuza inani lamanzi ojwayelekile ngaphambi kokuya endaweni yokucwaninga noma lapho kuqoqwa khona.

Kungadingeka uyeke ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa, kodwa kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze kanjalo.

Izibonelo zemithi engathinta amazinga e-bilirubin zifaka ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin G, ama-sedatives afana ne-phenobarbital, diuretics afana ne-furosemide (Lasix), kanye nemithi yesifuba somoya efana ne-theophylline.

Ziningi ezinye izidakamizwa ezingathonya amazinga e-bilirubin. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho ukuze ubone ukuthi kufanele uyeke noma uqhubeke uthatha imishanguzo.

Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwegazi le-bilirubin?

Lapho igazi liqoqwa, ungahle uzwe ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo noma umuzwa omncane wokuncinza. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwenaliti, ungazizwa uthinteka.

Uzotshelwa ukuthi usebenzise ingcindezi kusayithi lapho inaliti ingene khona esikhunjeni sakho. Kuzobekwa ibhandishi phezu kwesiza. Gcina leli bhandishi okungenani imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kwengu-20.

Kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa leyongalo ukuphakamisa okunzima usuku lonke.

Kunezingozi ezithile ezingavamile ukuthatha isampula segazi:

• ubuhlanya noma ukuquleka
• i-hematoma, umhuzuko lapho igazi lihlangana khona ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• ukutheleleka, kuvame ukuvikelwa lapho isikhumba sihlanzwa ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe inaliti
• ukopha ngokweqile, noma ukopha isikhathi eside ngemuva kwalokho, okungakhombisa isimo sokopha kakhulu futhi kufanele kubikwe kudokotela wakho

Uyini umphumela ojwayelekile wokuhlolwa kwegazi le-bilirubin?

Enganeni noma kumuntu omdala, amanani ajwayelekile e-bilirubin eqondile avela ku-0-0.4 milligrams nge-deciliter ngayinye (mg / dL). Amanani ajwayelekile we-bilirubin ephelele avela ku-0.3-1.0 mg / dL.

Izinga elingaqondile le-bilirubin egazini yi-bilirubin ephelele isusa amazinga e-bilirubin aqondile egazini. Ngokwengeziwe, amabanga wereferensi ajwayelekile angahluka kuye ngelebhu.

Enganeni esanda kuzalwa, i-bilirubin ephakeme ijwayelekile ngenxa yengcindezi yokuzalwa. I-bilirubin ejwayelekile engaqondile ingaba ngaphansi kuka-5.2 mg / dL emahoreni angama-24 okuqala okuzalwa. Kodwa izingane eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa zinohlobo oluthile lwe-jaundice namazinga e-bilirubin akhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-5 mg / dL ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Izimbangela zemiphumela engavamile

Udokotela wakho angafuna ukwenza okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma i-ultrasound uma kutholakala amazinga aphezulu we-bilirubin egazini lakho. Kumuntu omdala, i-bilirubin ephezulu ingahle ibangelwe yizinkinga zesibindi, ama-bile ducts, noma i-gallbladder. Izibonelo zifaka:

• izifo zesibindi, njenge-hepatitis
• IGilbert’s syndrome, isifo sofuzo
• i-cirrhosis, okuyisibazi sesibindi
• ukuqina kwe-biliary, lapho ingxenye yomgudu wenyongo incane kakhulu ukuvumela uketshezi ukuthi kudlule
• umdlavuza we-gallbladder noma amanyikwe
• amatshe enyongo
• ubuthi bezidakamizwa

I-bilirubin ephezulu nayo ingadalwa yizinkinga ezisegazini esikhundleni sezinkinga ezisesibindi. Amaseli egazi aqhekeka ngokushesha okukhulu angabangelwa:

• I-hemolytic anemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana amaningi egazi ecekelwa phansi isifo se-autoimmune, ukukhubazeka kofuzo, ubuthi bezidakamizwa, noma ukutheleleka, futhi isibindi asikwazi ukuguqula inani le-bilirubin engaqondile emzimbeni.
• Ukusabela kokumpontshelwa kwegazi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela igazi owaliphiwa ngokumpontshelwa.

I-jaundice yezinsana

Enganeni, i-bilirubin ne-jaundice ephezulu (ngokuvamile engaqondile) ingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi ingabangelwa yizici eziningana. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile:

• i-jaundice yomzimba: ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuzalwa, okubangelwa ukulibaziseka okufushane ekusebenzeni kwesibindi futhi imvamisa kungabi kubi
• ukuncelisa ibele i-jaundice: phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila, okubangelwa ingane engancelisi kahle noma ukunikezwa ubisi oluncane kunina
• ubisi lwebele i-jaundice: ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu okuphila, okubangelwa ukucubungulwa kwezinye izinto kubisi lwebele

Zonke lezi zingelashwa kalula futhi imvamisa azinabungozi uma zilashwa. Ezinye izimo ezibucayi kakhulu ezibangela i-bilirubin ephezulu ne-jaundice enganeni zihlanganisa:

• ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi okungajwayelekile, njenge-sickle cell anemia
• ukungafani kohlobo lwegazi phakathi kosana nomama, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu engane, abizwa ngokuthi i-erythroblastosis fetalis
• ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni athile abalulekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka kofuzo
• ukulinyazwa ngenxa yokulethwa okunzima
• amazinga aphezulu amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• izifo

Kwenzekani ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwegazi nge-bilirubin

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwakho kukhombisa amazinga aphakeme ngokweqile e-bilirubin, udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo eziningi ukuthola imbangela eyimbangela.

Lapho nje udokotela wakho esethole imbangela yamazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe izivivinyo zegazi ze-bilirubin ngaphezulu ukuqapha ukusebenza kokwelapha kwakho.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi isibindi noma i-gallbladder yakho kungenzeka ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle, bangahle ba-ode ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okungajwayelekile okwakhiwe.