I-Botulism

-Delile

• Ziyini Izimpawu zeBotulism?
• Ziyini Izimbangela zeBotulism? Ngubani Osengozini?
• Ihlonza Kanjani I-botulism?
• Iphathwa Kanjani I-Botulism?
• Ngingayivimbela Kanjani I-Botulism?

Kuyini iBotulism?

I-Botulism (noma i-botulism poisoning) isifo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi kakhulu esidlulisa ukudla, ukuxhumana nenhlabathi engcolisiwe, noma ngenxeba elivulekile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, i-botulism ingaholela ekukhubazekeni, ebunzimeni bokuphefumula, nasekufeni.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-botulism:

• i-botulism yezinsana
• i-botulism yokudla
• isilonda botulism

Ubuthi be-botulism budalwa ubuthi obukhiqizwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya olubizwa ngokuthi IClostridium botulinum. Yize kuvame kakhulu, la mabhaktheriya angachuma kuphela ezimweni lapho kungekho-oxygen. Imithombo ethile yokudla, njengokudla okusemathinini asekhaya, inikeza indawo enamandla yokuzalanisa.

Ngokusho kwe-, cishe amacala we-145 we-botulism abikwa minyaka yonke e-United States. Cishe amaphesenti ama-3 kuye kwayi-5 alabo abanobuthi be-botulism bayafa.

Ziyini Izimpawu zeBotulism?

Izimpawu ze-botulism zingavela kusuka emahoreni ayisithupha kuye ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Ngokwesilinganiso, izimpawu ze-botulism yezinsana nezokudla zibonakala phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 nama-36 ngemuva kokudla ukudla okungcolile.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-botulism yezinsana zifaka:

• ukuqunjelwa
• ukudla kanzima
• ukukhathala
• ukucasuka
• ukumunca amathe
• amajwabu amehlo alengayo
• ukukhala okubuthakathaka
• ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwekhanda nokunyakaza kwe-floppy ngenxa yobuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukukhubazeka

Izimpawu zokudla noma ukulimala kwe-botulism zifaka:

• ubunzima bokugwinya noma bokukhuluma
• ubuthakathaka bobuso ezinhlangothini zombili zobuso
• ukungaboni kahle
• amajwabu amehlo alengayo
• inkinga yokuphefumula
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye nezilonda zesisu (ku-botulism yokudla kuphela)
• ukukhubazeka

Ziyini Izimbangela zeBotulism? Ngubani Osengozini?

Imibiko yokuthi amaphesenti angama-65 amacala we-botulism ayenzeka ezinganeni noma ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala. I-botulism yezinsana imvamisa ingumphumela wokuchayeka enhlabathini engcolisiwe, noma ngokudla ukudla okuqukethe izinhlamvu ze-botulism. Isiraphu yoju nommbila yizibonelo ezimbili zokudla okungaba nokungcola. Lezi zinhlamvu zingakhula ngaphakathi komgudu wamathumbu wezinsana, zikhiphe ubuthi be-botulism. Izingane ezindala nabantu abadala banezivikelo zemvelo ezivimbela amagciwane ukuthi angakhuli.

Ngokusho kwe-, cishe amaphesenti ayi-15 amacala we-botulism atholakala ngokudla. Lokhu kungaba ukudla okusemathinini asekhaya noma imikhiqizo ekheniwe ekheniwe engazange icubungulwe kahle. Imibiko yokuthi ubuthi be-botulism butholakele ku:

• imifino elondoloziwe enokuqukethwe okune-asidi ephansi, njengama-beet, isipinashi, amakhowe nobhontshisi obuluhlaza
• izinhlanzi ze-tuna ezisemathinini
• inhlanzi ebilisiwe, ebhemayo, nosawoti
• imikhiqizo yenyama, njenge-ham nesoseji

I-botulism yamanxeba yenza amaphesenti angama-20 awo wonke amacala we-botulism, futhi kungenxa yezinhlamvu ze-botulism ezingena enxebeni elivulekile, ngokusho kwe. Izinga lokuvela kwalolu hlobo lwe-botulism selikhuphukile eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, njengoba izinhlamvu zivame ukuba khona kwi-heroin ne-cocaine.

I-botulism ayidluliswa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye umuntu. Umuntu kufanele adle izinhlamvu noma ubuthi ngokudla, noma ubuthi kufanele bufike enxebeni, bube nezimpawu zobuthi be-botulism.

Ihlonza Kanjani I-botulism?

Uma usola ukuthi wena noma umuntu omaziyo une-botulism, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze usinde.

Ukuthola i-botulism, udokotela uzoqedela ukuhlolwa komzimba, abone noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu zobuthi be-botulism. Bazobuza ngokudla okudliwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule njengemithombo engaba khona yobuthi, nokuthi ngabe omunye umuntu udle ukudla okufanayo. Bazophinde babuze nganoma yimaphi amanxeba.

Ezinganeni, udokotela uzohlola nezimpawu zomzimba, abuze nganoma yikuphi ukudla okudliwe yingane, njengoju noma isiraphu yommbila.

Udokotela wakho angaphinde athathe amasampula egazi noma indle ukuhlaziya ubukhona bezinto ezinobuthi. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ingathatha izinsuku, ngakho-ke odokotela abaningi bathembela ekubhekweni kwezimpawu zezimpawu zokwelapha ukuxilonga.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-botulism zingalingisa ezinye izifo nemibandela. Udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• i-electromyography (EMG) yokuhlola ukuphendula kwemisipha
• ama-imaging scan ukuskena ukuthola noma yikuphi ukulimala kwangaphakathi ekhanda noma ebuchosheni
• ukuhlolwa komgogodla ukuthola ukuthi ukutheleleka noma ukulimala ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni kubangela izimpawu

Iphathwa Kanjani I-Botulism?

Nge-botulism yokudla nenxeba, udokotela ufaka i-antitoxin ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ezinganeni, ukwelashwa okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-botulism immune globulin kuvimbela izenzo zama-neurotoxin ezijikeleza egazini.

Izimo ezinzima ze-botulism zingadinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-ventilator ukusiza ukusekela ukuphefumula. Ukululama kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga. Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside nokuvuselelwa kungadingeka nasezimweni ezinzima. Kukhona umuthi wokugoma we-botulism, kodwa akuvamile, njengoba ukusebenza kwawo kungakahlolwa ngokuphelele futhi kunemiphumela engemihle.

Ngingayivimbela Kanjani I-Botulism?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-botulism kulula ukuyivimba. Unganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngalezi zindlela zokuvimbela ezilandelayo:

• Landela amasu afanele lapho uthwebula ukudla ekhaya, uqinisekisa ukuthi ufinyelela ukushisa okwanele namazinga e-asidi.
• Qaphela noma iyiphi inhlanzi ebilisiwe noma okunye ukudla komdlalo wasemanzini.
• Phonsa noma imaphi amathini avulekile noma aqhekekile okudla okulungiselelwe ukuthengisa.
• Amafutha esiqandisini afakwe ugarlic noma amakhambi.
• Amazambane aphekwe futhi asongwe ngo-aluminium foil angakha indawo engenomoya-mpilo lapho i-botulism ingachuma khona. Gcina lezi zishisayo noma isiqandisi ngokushesha.
• Ukudla okubilayo imizuzu eyi-10 kuzobulala ubuthi be-botulism.

Njengomthetho, akufanele neze uncelise uju lwezinsana noma isiraphu yommbila, ngoba lokhu kudla kungaqukatha IClostridium botulinum izinhlamvu.