Herniation yobuchopho

-Delile

• Izinhlobo ze-herniation yobuchopho
• Izimpawu ze-herniation yobuchopho
• Izimbangela ze-herniation yobuchopho
• Ukwelapha i-herniation yobuchopho
• Izinkinga ze-herniation yobuchopho
• Umbono we-herniation yobuchopho

Ukubuka konke

I-herniation yobuchopho, noma i-cerebral herniation, yenzeka lapho izicubu zobuchopho, igazi, ne-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isuka endaweni yayo ejwayelekile ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Isimo ngokuvamile sibangelwa ukuvuvukala ngenxa yokulimala ekhanda, isifo sohlangothi, ukopha noma isimila ebuchosheni. Ukwehlukaniswa kobuchopho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile kuyabulala uma kungalashwa ngaso leso sikhathi.

Izinhlobo ze-herniation yobuchopho

Ukwehlukaniswa kobuchopho kungahlukaniswa lapho izicubu zobuchopho ziguqukele khona. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-herniation yobuchopho:

• I-Subfalcine. Izicubu zobuchopho zihamba ngaphansi kolwelwesi olwaziwa njenge-falx cerebri maphakathi nobuchopho. Izicubu zobuchopho zigcina zicindezelwa ziye ngaphesheya. Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lwe-herniation yobuchopho.
• Ukuqothulwa kweTransstentorial. Lolu hlobo lwe-herniation yobuchopho lungaqhubeka luhlukaniswe lube izinhlobo ezimbili:
  • Yehla nge-transtentorial noma i-uncal. I-uncus, ingxenye ye-lobe yesikhashana, ishintshelwa ezansi endaweni eyaziwa njenge-posterior fossa. Lolu uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lwe-herniation yobuchopho.
  • Ukukhuphuka kwe-transtentorial herniation. I-cerebellum kanye ne-brainstem zihambela phezulu nge-notch kulwelwesi olubizwa nge-tentorium cerebelli.
• I-Cerebellar tonsillar. Amathani we-cerebellar ahamba abheke phansi nge-foramen magnum, ukuvulwa kwemvelo phansi kogebhezi lapho umgogodla uxhuma khona ebuchosheni.

I-herniation yobuchopho nayo ingenzeka ngomgodi owadalwa phambilini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Izimpawu ze-herniation yobuchopho

Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo esibi kakhulu. Izimpawu nezimpawu zingafaka:

• abafundi abahlanzekile
• ikhanda
• ukozela
• ubunzima bokugxila
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• isithuthwane
• ukuma okungajwayelekile, ukunyakaza komzimba okuqinile, kanye nezikhundla zomzimba ezingajwayelekile
• ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• ikhoma

Izimbangela ze-herniation yobuchopho

Ukwehlukaniswa kobuchopho imvamisa kungumphumela wokuvuvukala kobuchopho. Ukuvuvukala kufaka ingcindezi kwizicubu zobuchopho (okubizwa ngokuthi yizingcindezi ezengeziwe ezingekho ngaphakathi), okwenza izicubu ziphoqelelwe zisuke endaweni yazo ejwayelekile.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-herniation yobuchopho zifaka:

• ukulimala ekhanda okuholela ku-subdural hematoma (lapho igazi liqoqa ebusweni bobuchopho ngaphansi kogebhezi) noma ukuvuvukala (i-cerebral edema)
• unhlangothi
• ukopha ebuchosheni (ukopha ebuchosheni)
• isimila sobuchopho

Ezinye izizathu zokwanda kwengcindezi kugebhezi zifaka:

• ithumba (ukuqoqwa kobomvu) kusuka ekuthelelekeni kwebhaktheriya noma kwefungal
• ukwanda ketshezi ebuchosheni (i-hydrocephalus)
• ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho
• isici esakhiweni sobuchopho esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Chiari malformation

Abantu abanezicubu zobuchopho noma izinkinga zemithambo yegazi, njenge-aneurysm, basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-herniation yobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma imuphi umsebenzi noma ukukhetha indlela yokuphila okubeka engcupheni yokulimala ekhanda nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlushwa ubuchopho.

Ukwelapha i-herniation yobuchopho

Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukukhulula ukuvuvukala nengcindezi ngaphakathi kwengqondo ebangela ukuthi ubuchopho buqhamuke egumbini elilodwa liye kwelinye. Ukwelashwa kuzodingeka ukusindisa impilo yomuntu.

Ukwehlisa ukuvuvukala nokucindezela, ukwelashwa kungabandakanya:

• ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila, i-hematoma (ihlule legazi), noma ithumba
• ukuhlinzwa ukuze kubekwe idreyini ebizwa nge-ventriculostomy ngembobo yogebhezi ukuze kususwe uketshezi
• ukwelashwa kwe-osmotic noma i-diuretics (imithi esusa uketshezi emzimbeni) ukukhipha uketshezi ngaphandle kwezicubu zobuchopho, njenge-mannitol noma i-hypertonic saline
• corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye yogebhezi ukuze kwenziwe indawo ethe xaxa (i-craniectomy)

Ngenkathi kusalungiswa imbangela yobuchopho be-herniation, umuntu owelaswayo angathola futhi:

• umoya-mpilo
• ishubhu elibekwe ezindleleni zabo zomoya ukusekela ukuphefumula
• ukuthambisa
• imithi yokulawula ukuquleka
• ama-antibiotic ukwelapha ithumba noma ukuvimbela ukutheleleka

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu onenkinga yobuchopho uzodinga ukuqashwa okuseduze ngezivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• I-X-ray yogebhezi nentamo
• Iskena se-CT
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Izinkinga ze-herniation yobuchopho

Uma kungalashwa ngokushesha, ukuhamba kwezicubu zobuchopho kungaphazamisa izakhiwo ezibalulekile emzimbeni.

Izinkinga ze-herniation yobuchopho zifaka:

• ukufa kwengqondo
• ukuphefumula noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Umbono we-herniation yobuchopho

Umbono uncike ohlotsheni nobukhali bokulimala okudale i-herniation nokuthi kwenzeka kuphi ebuchosheni. Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho kunganqamula ukunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni. Ngalesi sizathu, kungahle kube yingozi uma kungalashwa ngokushesha. Ngisho nangokwelashwa, i-herniation yobuchopho ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ezingapheli ebuchosheni, noma ekufeni.

Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kufanele ushayele u-911 noma uye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma umuntu olimele ekhanda noma isimila ebuchosheni engacwayisi kakhulu noma edidekile, eba nokuquleka, noma equleka.