Ukuhlolwa Komdlavuza Webele: Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngempilo Yakho Yesifuba

-Delile

• I-Mammogram
• I-ultrasound yamabele
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba
• Iskena seBrain MRI
• Ukuvivinywa komdlavuza webele
• Ukuthola umbono wesibili
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

Umdlavuza webele uqala lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ekhula futhi akhule ngokungalawuleki ezicutshini zamabele. Umphumela wehlukile kowesifazane ngamunye, ngakho-ke ukutholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubalulekile.

I-American College of Physicians incoma ukuthi abesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-49 bakhulume nodokotela wabo ngokuthi baqale yini ukuthola ama-mammograms ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-50. Baphinde bancoma ukuthi abesifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-74 bathole ihlolwe njalo ngonyaka.

I-American Cancer Society ichaza izincomo ezihluke kancane zokuhlolwa komdlavuza webele, ngama-mammograms aminyaka yonke aqala eminyakeni yobudala engama-45 (noma ngokushesha uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele).

Uma ungowesifazane osemncane ongakaqali ukuthola ama-mammograms ahleliwe njalo, kusabalulekile ukuthi ujwayelane namabele akho ukuze ukwazi ukubona ushintsho kuwo bese uwabika kudokotela wakho.

Lokhu kungakusiza ekwazini izigaxa, ukuncipha, ingono egobile, ububomvu, nolunye ushintsho emabeleni akho. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole ukuhlolwa kwebele lomtholampilo ekuhlolweni konyaka.

Izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga zisiza ukuthola nokuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zivivinyo.

I-Mammogram

Kunconywa ama-mammograms aminyaka yonke kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45 nangaphezulu, kodwa ungaqala ukuhlolwa kusasele iminyaka engama-40. I-mammogram yi-X-ray ethatha kuphela izithombe zamabele. Lezi zithombe zisiza odokotela ukuthi babone ukungajwayelekile emabeleni akho njengamasisi, okungakhombisa umdlavuza.

Khumbula ukuthi ukungajwayelekile ku-mammogram yakho akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza webele, kepha ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

I-ultrasound yamabele

I-ultrasound isivivinyo esisebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezingaphakathi komzimba wakho. Uma i-mammogram yakho ithola isisindo, udokotela wakho angalawula i-ultrasound ukuze aqhubeke nokulinganisa ubukhulu. Udokotela wakho angaphinde a-ode i-ultrasound uma kunesigaxa esibonakalayo esifubeni sakho.

Ama-Ultrasounds asiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi isigaxa noma isisindo kunguketshezi noma kuqinile. Isisindo esigcwele uketshezi sikhombisa i-cyst, engeyona umdlavuza.

Olunye uquqaba lungaba inhlanganisela yoketshezi futhi oluqinile, okuvame ukuba nobungozi kepha kungadinga isithombe sokulandela sesikhashana esifushane noma isampula kuye ngokuthi isithombe se-ultrasound sibukeka kanjani.

Ukwenza i-ultrasound yesifuba, udokotela wakho ubeka ijeli esifubeni sakho futhi asebenzise iphenyo eliphathwayo ukuze enze isithombe sezicubu zakho zesifuba.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba

I-biopsy isusa isampula lezicubu esigaxeni noma esisindweni ukuthola ukuthi inomdlavuza noma ayinawo yini ubungozi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokuhlinza ngaphandle.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza i-biopsy yebele, ngokuya ngosayizi wesimila. Uma isimila sincane futhi singasoli kakhulu, udokotela ohlinzayo noma i-radiologist angaqhuba i-biopsy yenaliti.

Udokotela owenza inqubo ufaka inaliti esifubeni sakho bese esusa isampula lesicucu. Lokhu kungenziwa noma ngaphandle kwesiqondisi sokucabanga ngokuya ngesincomo sikadokotela wakho.

Ungadinga i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa ezimweni ezithile. Lokhu kususa isigaxa sonke noma ingxenye yaso. Udokotela ohlinzayo angasusa noma yimaphi ama-lymph node akhulisiwe.

Lezi biopsies zihlangana zenza izinga legolide lokuhlolwa kwezicubu:

• I-biopsy ye-aspirine-aspiration: Lolu hlobo lwe-biopsy lusetshenziswa lapho isigaxa siqinile. Udokotela ufaka inaliti ezacile abuye abuye isiqeshana esincane sezicubu ukuze sifundwe ngudokotela wezifo. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angafuna hlola isigaxa esisolwayo se-cystic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukho umdlavuza ku-cyst.
• Isinaliti biopsy: Le nqubo kuhilela ukusebenzisa inaliti enkulu kanye noshubhu ukukhipha isampula lezicubu ezifika ngosayizi wepeni. Inaliti iqondiswa ukuzwa, i-mammography, noma i-ultrasound. Uma owesifazane ethola ukubonwa okuhle yi-mammogram, kuzokwenziwa i-biopsy eqondiswa yi-mammogram. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-stereotactic breast biopsy.
• I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa (noma "evulekile"): Kulolu hlobo lwe-biopsy, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa ingxenye (i-incisional biopsy) noma konke (i-excisional biopsy, ukusakazwa kwendawo okubanzi, noma i-lumpectomy) yesigaxa sokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Uma isigaxa sincane noma kunzima ukusithola ngokuthinta, udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-wire localization ukudweba indlela eya ebunzimeni ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Intambo ingafakwa ngokuqondiswa kwe-ultrasound noma ukuqondiswa kwe-mammogram.
• I-Sentinel node biopsy: I-sentinel node biopsy iyi-biopsy evela ku-lymph node lapho umdlavuza kungenzeka ukuthi usabalale kuqala. Endabeni yomdlavuza webele, i-sentinel node biopsy ivame ukuthathwa kuma-lymph node e-axilla, noma esifundeni sekhwapha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukutholakala komdlavuza kuma-lymph node ohlangothini lwesifuba esithintwe ngumdlavuza.
• I-biopsy eqondiswa isithombe: Nge-biopsy eqondiswa isithombe, udokotela usebenzisa inqubo yokufanekisa efana ne-ultrasound, mammogram, noma i-MRI ukudala isithombe sesikhathi sangempela sendawo esolisayo engabonakali kalula noma ezwakala ngesikhumba sakho. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa lesi sithombe ukusiza ukuhola inaliti endaweni engcono yokuqoqa amaseli asolisayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwalezi biopsies kungasiza udokotela wakho ukunquma ibanga lomdlavuza wakho, izici zesimila, nokuthi umdlavuza wakho uzophendula kanjani ekwelashweni okuthile.

Iskena seBrain MRI

Ukuskena i-MRI yebele akuyona into ejwayelekile yokuhlola umdlavuza webele ngenxa yengozi yayo ephezulu yezimfanelo ezingamanga. Kepha uma unezinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza webele, njengokuqapha udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI ngama-mammograms wakho wonyaka.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa uzibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza isithombe esingaphakathi kwamabele akho.

Ukuvivinywa komdlavuza webele

Ngemuva kokuthi utholwe unomdlavuza webele, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhomba isigaba sakho. Ukwazi isigaba ukuthi udokotela wakho unquma kanjani indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa. Isiteji sincike kubukhulu besimila nokuthi ngabe sisabalale ngaphandle kwesifuba sakho.

Amaseli womdlavuza asakazeka kuma-lymph node angahamba aye ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba wakho. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka esiteji, udokotela wakho angalawula ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele futhi enze i-mammogram yesinye isifuba sakho ukuze ahlole izimpawu zesimila.

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ungakanani kanye nokusiza ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuskena kwamathambo: Umdlavuza we-metastasized ungasakazeka emathanjeni. Ukuskena amathambo kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole amathambo akho ukuthola ubufakazi bamaseli anomdlavuza.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwe-X-ray lokwakha izithombe eziningiliziwe zezitho zakho. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuskena kwe-CT ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usabalalele ezithweni ezingaphandle kwesifuba, njengesifuba sakho, iphaphu noma indawo yesisu.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI: Yize lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungelona ithuluzi elijwayelekile lokuhlola umdlavuza, kuyasebenza ekuhleleni umdlavuza webele. I-MRI idala izithombe zedijithali zezingxenye ezihlukene zomzimba wakho. Kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi ngabe amangqamuzana anomdlavuza asakaze emthonjeni wakho womgogodla, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET: Ukuskena i-PET isivivinyo esiyingqayizivele. Udokotela wakho ufaka idayi emthanjeni wakho. Njengoba udayi uhamba emzimbeni wakho, ikhamera ekhethekile ikhiqiza izithombe ezingama-3-D ezingaphakathi komzimba wakho. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone indawo yezimila.

Ukuthola umbono wesibili

Ukuthola umbono wesibili ngesikhathi senqubo yakho yokunakekelwa komdlavuza kuvame kakhulu. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthola umbono wakho wesibili ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, ngoba umbono wesibili ungaguqula ukuxilongwa kwakho futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwelashwa kwakho. Kodwa-ke, ungathola umbono wesibili nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwakho ngumdlavuza, cabanga ngokucela umbono wesibili kulezi zimo:

• ngemuva kokuphela kombiko wakho wokugula
• ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
• ngenkathi uhlela ukwelashwa okulandela ukuhlinzwa
• ngesikhathi sokwelashwa uma ukholwa ukuthi kungaba nesizathu sokushintsha inkambo yokwelashwa kwakho
• ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma ungacelanga umbono wesibili ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa

Ukuthatha

Uma i-mammogram yakho noma ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga. Umdlavuza webele uyelapheka, kodwa futhi ungasongela impilo uma ungatholakali kusenesikhathi.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokuhlolwa konyaka, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni womdlavuza webele.