I-visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar): kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa
-Delile
I-Kala azar, ebizwa nangokuthi i-visceral leishmaniasis noma i-tropical splenomegaly, isifo esibangelwa kakhulu yi-protozoa Leishmania chagasi futhi Leishmania donovani, futhi kwenzeka lapho isinambuzane esincane sohlobo I-Lutzomyia i-longipalpis, edume kakhulu ngokuthi umiyane wotshani noma i-birigui, otheleleke nge-protozoa eyodwa, iyamluma umuntu bese ikhipha lesi silokazane egazini lomuntu, okuholela ekuguleni.
Lolu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis luthinta kakhulu izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 kanye nabantu abadala abanokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, njengokuntuleka kwensimbi, amavithamini namaprotheni, futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezinokukhucululwa kwendle nezimo zenhlanzeko. Isifunda esithinteke kakhulu eBrazil yiNyakatho-mpumalanga futhi kukholakala ukuthi izingane zithinteka kakhulu ngoba zinokushoda kokudla okunomsoco, amasosha omzimba awakakhiwa ngokuphelele futhi achayeka kakhulu ezilwaneni.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko
Ngemuva kokulunywa okudlulisa lesi sifo, i-protozoa isakazeka emgudwini wegazi nangezitho ezibhekele ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-spleen, isibindi, ama-lymph node nomnkantsha wethambo, okwenza izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukugodola nemfiva ephezulu, efika idlule, yesikhathi eside;
- Khulisa esiswini, ngenxa yokwanda kobende nesibindi;
- Ubuthakathaka nokukhathala ngokweqile;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo;
- Ukuphaphatheka, ngenxa yokushoda kwegazi okubangelwa yilesi sifo;
- Ukopha kalula, ngensini, ngamakhala noma ngendle, isibonelo;
- Ukutheleleka njalo, ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane, ngenxa yokwehla kokuzivikela komzimba;
- Uhudo.
IVisceral leishmaniasis inesikhathi sokufukamela esiyizinsuku eziyishumi kuya eminyakeni emibili, futhi njengoba singesona isifo esijwayelekile futhi izimpawu zaso zivela kancane kancane, zingadidaniswa nezinye izifo ezinjenge-malaria, i-typhoid, udenga noma i-Zika, isibonelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona lezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa bese kuqala ukwelashwa okufanele.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izilonda zesikhumba nezilonda zibangelwa olunye uhlobo lwe-leishmaniasis, olubizwa ngokusika noma ukusika. Yazi ukuthi yini imbangela nokuthi ungayibona kanjani i-leishmaniasis enqamulelayo.
Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
Idamu elikhulu le-protozoa elibhekele i-kala azar yizinja futhi, ngakho-ke, nazo zibhekwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka kwalesi sinambuzane. Okusho ukuthi, lapho isinambuzane siluma inja enesifo, sithola iprotozoan, ekhula emzimbeni wayo futhi engadluliselwa kulowo muntu ngokulunywa. Akuzona zonke izinja ezithwala Leishmania chagasi noma Leishmania donovani, okuvame kakhulu ezinjeni ezingakhishwa izikelemu njalo noma ezingakutholi ukunakekelwa okuhle.
Lapho lesi silwanyana sisemzimbeni wesinambuzane, singakhula kalula bese siya kwizindlala zamathe. Lapho lesi sinambuzane esinegciwane siluma umuntu, sidlulisa isinanakazana esisezindlini zayo zamathe singene egazini lomuntu, sisatshalaliswa kalula izitho.
Ukuxilongwa kweCalazar
Ukuxilongwa kwe-visceral leishmaniasis kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-parasitological, lapho kwenziwa khona isiko lomnkantsha wethambo, ubende noma isibindi ukuze kugcinwe enye yezindlela zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ze-protozoan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-immunological, njenge-ELISA, noma i-immunochromatographs, eyaziwa kakhulu njengezivivinyo ezisheshayo.
Ububi bezivivinyo ze-immunological ukuthi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kusenenani elifanele lama-antibodies, okukhombisa ukutheleleka. Kodwa-ke, kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuthi udokotela ahlole ukuba khona kwezimpawu, ngoba uma kungekho zimpawu, ukwelashwa akuboniswa.
Yelashwa kanjani
Ukwelashwa kwe-kala azar kufanele kuqale ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, njenge-Pentavalent Antimonial Compounds, i-Amphotericin B ne-Pentamidine, okufanele ikhonjiswe ngudokotela futhi isetshenziswe ngokwemiyalo yakhe.
Lapho uqala ukwelashwa kubalulekile futhi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile, njengokuhlola kanye nokusimamiswa kwezimo zomtholampilo, njengokungondleki nokopha, ngaphezu kokwelapha ezinye izifo ezihambisana nakho. Kungadingeka ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze kusetshenziswe imithi emthanjeni, kepha ezimweni lapho ukutheleleka kuzinzile futhi kutholakala kalula esibhedlela, udokotela angancoma ukwelashwa ekhaya bese eya esibhedlela ukuyolandelwa.
Lesi sifo kufanele silashwe ngokushesha, njengoba siba sibi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngakho-ke umuntu othintekile angahlangabezana nezinkinga ezisongela impilo njengokungenwa ngamaphaphu, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, ukopha kokugaya ukudla, ukwehluleka kokujikeleza kwegazi noma ngenxa yezifo ezingosomathuba, ngamagciwane namagciwane. Thola imininingwane eminingi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-visceral leishmaniasis.
Okuthunyelwe Okusha
Ukuzila kwe-IBS: Kuyasebenza?
