Okudingeka Ukwazi Abantu Abanesikhumba Esimnyama Ngokunakekelwa Kwelanga

-Delile

• Ngingashiswa yilanga?
• Isilinganiso seFitzpatrick
• Ngabe ukushiswa yilanga kubukeka kanjani esikhumbeni esimnyama?
• Ngingawuthola yini umdlavuza wesikhumba?
• Akukhona nje ngokushiswa yilanga kuphela
• Ingabe zikhona izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba zakuqala okufanele ngizibuke?
• Ngingazivikela kanjani ekuvezweni yilanga?
• Faka i-sunscreen
• Khumbula ukufaka isicelo kabusha
• Hlala emthunzini ngezikhathi eziphakeme
• Qinisekisa ukuthi unezinsiza ezifanele
• Okubalulekile

Enye yezinganekwane ezinkulu zelanga ukuthi amathoni esikhumba amnyama awadingi ukuvikelwa elangeni.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama mancane amathuba okuthola ukushiswa yilanga, kodwa ingozi isekhona. Futhi, ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside kusandisa ubungozi bomdlavuza wesikhumba, kungakhathalekile ithoni yesikhumba.

Nakhu konke odinga ukukwazi ngemiphumela yelanga esikhunjeni esimnyama.

Ngingashiswa yilanga?

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama mancane amathuba okuthola ukushiswa yilanga ngenxa yento encane ebizwa nge-melanin. Yimbala yesikhumba ekhiqizwa amaseli wesikhumba abizwa ngama-melanocyte. Inhloso yawo ukuvimba imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV).

Amathoni esikhumba amnyama anama-melanin amaningi kunalawo alula, okusho ukuthi avikeleke kangcono elangeni. Kodwa i-melanin ayivikelekile kuyo yonke imisebe ye-UV, ngakho-ke kusekhona ingozi ethile.

ICentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ithole ukuthi abantu abamnyama yibo abancane kakhulu ukuthi bangashiswa yilanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abelungu babenamazinga aphezulu okushiswa yilanga.

Nakhu iphesenti labantu abavela ezizindeni ezahlukahlukene abahlangabezane nokushiswa yilanga okungenani okukodwa ngonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwe:

• cishe amaphesenti angama-66 abesifazane abamhlophe nabangaphezudlwana kwamaphesenti angama-65 abesilisa abamhlophe
• ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-38 abesifazane baseSpanishi namaphesenti angama-32 abesilisa baseSpain
• cishe amaphesenti ayi-13 abesifazane abamnyama namaphesenti ayi-9 abesilisa

Kodwa kukhona ithani lokuhluka kwethoni yesikhumba, ngisho naphakathi kwala maqembu. Ukuqonda kangcono ingozi yakho yokushiswa yilanga, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi uwa kuphi esikalini seFitzpatrick.

Kuthuthukiswe ngo-1975, odokotela besikhumba basebenzisa isikali seFitzpatrick ukuthola ukuthi isikhumba somuntu sizosabela kanjani ekuvezeni ilanga.

Isilinganiso seFitzpatrick

Ngokwesilinganiso, wonke amathoni esikhumba awela kwesinye sezigaba eziyisithupha:

• Thayipha 1: isikhumba sezinyo lendlovu esihlala sibhodloka futhi sishe, singabi amathani
• Thayipha 2: isikhumba esilinganayo noma esikhanyayo esisha futhi esixebukayo kaningi, amathani amancane
• Thayipha 3: isikhumba esifanelekile ukwenza beige esivutha kwesinye isikhathi, kwesinye isikhathi amathani
• Thayipha 4: isikhumba esikhanyayo onsundu noma somnqumo esivame ukusha, sisebenzisa kalula amathani
• Thayipha 5: isikhumba esinsundu esivame ukusha, sisebenzisa kalula futhi mnyama
• Thayipha 6: isikhumba esinsundu esimnyama noma esimnyama esingavamile ukusha, amathani njalo

Izinhlobo 1 kuya ku-3 zinengozi enkulu yokushiswa yilanga. Ngenkathi izinhlobo 4 kuya ku-6 zinengozi ephansi, zisengasha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngabe ukushiswa yilanga kubukeka kanjani esikhumbeni esimnyama?

Ukushiswa yilanga kubonakala ngokuhlukile emathonini esikhumba alula futhi amnyama. Kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, kuzobukeka kubomvu futhi kuzwakale kushisa, kubuhlungu, noma kokubili. Isikhumba esishisiwe naso singazizwa siqinile.

Kepha abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama kungenzeka bangabuboni ububomvu. Noma kunjalo, bazoba nazo zonke ezinye izimpawu, ezinjengokushisa, ukuzwela, kanye nokulunywa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma iyiphi ithoni yesikhumba nayo ingahle ihlolwe.

Ukushiswa yilanga kuvame ukuba ngcono ngokwalo kungakapheli isonto. Amacala abucayi angaholela ezimeni eziyingozi njengokushiswa ukushisa.

Bheka umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma uthinte abezimo eziphuthumayo uma ukushiswa yilanga kuza nanoma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• izinga lokushisa eliphakeme
• ngiqhaqhazela
• isikhumba esiqhumayo noma esivuvukile
• imizwa yokukhathala, isiyezi, noma isicanucanu
• ikhanda
• amajaqamba

Ngingawuthola yini umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama bangathola umdlavuza wesikhumba, yize ingozi iphansi kunaleyo yabantu abamhlophe.

Eqinisweni, amanothi athi abantu abamhlophe banengozi enkulu ye-melanoma, kulandelwa amaNdiya aseMelika kanye ne-Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Asians kanye ne-Pacific Islanders, futhi, ekugcineni, abantu abamnyama.

Kepha umdlavuza wesikhumba ungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi kakhulu kumathoni wesikhumba amnyama.Lokho futhi kwathola ukuthi inani lokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza wesikhumba laliphezulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi maningi amathuba okuthi batholwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukwenzelela kwezokwelapha.

Akukhona nje ngokushiswa yilanga kuphela

Izinto eziningi ngaphandle kokuchayeka elangeni zithinta ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, kufaka phakathi:

• umlando womndeni
• ukusetshenziswa kombhede wokushuka
• inani lezimvukuzane ezinkulu
• Ukwelashwa kokukhanya kwe-UV kwe-psoriasis ne-eczema
• izimo ezihambisana negciwane le-HPV
• izimo ezenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba wakho

Ingabe zikhona izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba zakuqala okufanele ngizibuke?

Ukusihlola njalo isikhumba sakho kungahamba ibanga elide uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlonza umdlavuza wesikhumba kusenesikhathi.

Khumbula, ilanga akuyona yodwa isifo somdlavuza wesikhumba. Ungaba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ezindaweni zomzimba wakho ezingavamisile ukukhanya kwelanga.

Mhlawumbe uzwile ngalezi zimpawu ezivamile:

• Izimvukuzane ezinkulu, ezishintshayo, noma ezilinganayo
• izilonda noma izigaxa ezopha, ezishisayo, noma ezisontekile
• amabala wesikhumba abukeka engajwayelekile angapholi

Konke okungenhla impela yizinto okufanele uzibheke ezingxenyeni ezibonakalayo zomzimba. Kepha abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama basengozini enkulu yokuthola uhlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa nge-acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Iziveza ngamabala ezindaweni ezifihliwe kancane, njenge:

• izandla
• amathe ezinyawo
• ngaphansi kwezipikili

Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo bayakhuthazwa ukuthi babheke emilonyeni yabo okungahambi kahle nakwezinye izindawo kokulandelayo:

• amabala amnyama, ukukhula, noma amabala abonakala eshintsha
• amabala azwakala enokhahlo futhi omile
• imigqa emnyama ngaphansi noma ezungeze izinzipho zeminwe nezinzwane

Nikeza isikhumba sakho isheke kanye ngenyanga. Landela udokotela wesikhumba okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlale phezu kwezinto.

Ngingazivikela kanjani ekuvezweni yilanga?

Ukuvikela isikhumba sakho ngokwanele emisebeni yelanga kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ukushiswa yilanga.

Nazi izisekelo okufanele zilandelwe:

Faka i-sunscreen

Khetha i-sunscreen ebanzi ebanzi ne-SPF ubuncane engama-30 ukuze uvikeleke kangcono. Uma uhlela ukuchitha isikhathi eside elangeni, sebenzisa imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuthi uphumele ngaphandle.

I-ounce (eyanele ukugcwalisa ingilazi yokudutshulwa) iyadingeka ukumboza ngokwanele ubuso nomzimba womuntu omdala. Ungakhohlwa izindawo ezifana nezindlebe, izindebe, namajwabu amehlo.

Khumbula ukufaka isicelo kabusha

Ukuziqoqa ku-sunscreen kuhle, kepha imiphumela ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside uma ungakwenzi futhi.

Kunconywa ukuthi ufake kabusha isikrini selanga njalo emahoreni amabili. Uma ubhukuda noma ujuluka, kuzodingeka uphinde ufake isicelo ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi.

Hlala emthunzini ngezikhathi eziphakeme

Phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama kulapho ilanga linamandla khona. Kuphakathi kokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho noma ukufihla ngalesi sikhathi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi unezinsiza ezifanele

Isigqoko esinomphetho obanzi nezibuko zelanga ezivimba okungenani amaphesenti angama-99 wokukhanya kwe-UV kuyisihluthulelo. Ungacabanga nokuthenga izingubo zokuvikela ilanga.

Okubalulekile

Akunandaba ukuthi umbala wesikhumba sakho unjani, kubalulekile ukusivikela elangeni. Amathuba womdlavuza wesikhumba nokushiswa yilanga angahle abe mancane kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, kodwa isekhona ingozi yokuwathola.

Ukugcina wena nesikhumba sakho uphephile kulula kakhulu ngolwazi oluncane. Ukukhumbula ukuthi ungasivikela kanjani isikhumba sakho emisebeni ye-UV kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile. Kepha futhi ukwazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zokusha nokungahle kube nomdlavuza.

Futhi uma uke ukhathazeke ngesikhumba sakho, unganqikazi ukubhuka i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.