Ama-carbohydrate agaywa kanjani?

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate
• Ukudla kwansuku zonke
• Agaywa kanjani ama-carbohydrate?
• 1. Umlomo
• 2. Isisu
• 3. Amathumbu amancane, amanyikwe, nesibindi
• 4. Ikholoni
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta indlela ama-carbohydrate agaywa ngayo
• IGalactosemia
• Fructose malabsorption
• I-Mucopolysaccharidoses
• Izinkinga ze-Pyruvate metabolism
• Okubalulekile
• Amanye amathiphu
  

Yini ama-carbohydrate?

Amakhabhohayidrethi anika umzimba amandla okwenza imisebenzi yosuku nengqondo yakho yosuku. Ukugaya noma ukugaya ama-carbohydrate kuphula ukudla kube ushukela, obizwa nangokuthi ama-saccharides. Lawa ma-molecule aqala ukugaya emlonyeni bese aqhubeka emzimbeni ukuze asetshenziselwe noma yini kusuka ekusebenzeni kweseli okujwayelekile kuya ekukhuleni kwamaseli nokulungiswa.

Mhlawumbe uzwile ukuthi amanye ama-carbohydrate athathwa ngokuthi "mahle" kanti amanye "mabi." Kodwa empeleni, akulula kangako.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-carbohydrate. Amanye ama-carbohydrate ayenzeka ngokwemvelo. Ungabathola kuzo zonke izithelo nemifino, kuyilapho ezinye zicutshungulwa futhi zihlanjululwa, futhi zishoda noma ziphucwe izakhi zomsoco wazo. Nayi isivumelwano:

Izinhlobo zama-carbohydrate

Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-carbs yilezi:

• isitashi noma ama-carbs ayinkimbinkimbi
• ushukela noma ama-carbs alula
• ifayibha

Kokubili ama-carbohydrate alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi ahlukana abe ushukela (aka ushukela wegazi). I-carb elula ingenye enama-molecule kashukela owodwa noma amabili, kanti i-carb eyinkimbinkimbi iqukethe ama-molecule kashukela amathathu noma ngaphezulu.

I-Fiber, ngakolunye uhlangothi, itholakala kuma-carbs enempilo, kodwa ayigayeki noma ihlukaniswe. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuhle empilweni yezenhliziyo nasekulawuleni isisindo.

Kutholakala ushukela olula ngokwemvelo ezithelweni nasobisini. Kukhona noshukela olucutshungulwayo nolucwengisisiwe izinkampani zokudla ezingangezela kokudla okufana namasoda, uswidi, nama-dessert.

Imithombo emihle ye-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi ifaka:

• okusanhlamvu okuphelele
• imidumba
• ubhontshisi
• udali
• uphizi
• amazambane

I-fibre itholakala kuma-carbs amaningi anempilo njenge:

• izithelo
• imifino
• okusanhlamvu okuphelele
• ubhontshisi
• imidumba

Ukudla ama-carb fibrous, complex and simple kusuka emithonjeni evela ngokwemvelo njengezithelo kungakuvikela ezifweni futhi kungakusiza nokugcina isisindo sakho. Lawa ma-carbs afaka amavithamini namaminerali amaningi.

Kodwa-ke, ama-carbohydrate asetshenzisiwe nacwengisisiwe anama-khalori aphezulu kepha awanamsoco. Zijwayele ukwenza abantu bakhuluphale futhi zingabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izimo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala, njengohlobo 2 sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo.

Ukudla kwansuku zonke

Ama-carbohydrate kufanele enze amaphesenti angama-45 kuye kwangama-65 wokudla kwakho kwekhalori nsuku zonke ngokuya ngemihlahlandlela yokudla yaseMelika.

Kumuntu odla amakhalori ajwayelekile angama-2 000 ngosuku, lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-carbohydrate angakha ama-calories angama-900 kuya ku-1,300. Lokhu kuveza cishe amagremu angama-225 kuye kwangama-325 usuku ngalunye. Noma kunjalo, ukudla kwakho kwe-carb kuzohluka ngokuya ngezidingo zakho ngazinye.

Agaywa kanjani ama-carbohydrate?

Konke ukudla okudlayo kudlula ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla ukuze kuphulwe kusetshenziswe umzimba. Amakhabhohayidrethi athatha uhambo aqala ngokudla emlonyeni bese egcina ngokususwa kukholoni lakho. Kuningi okwenzekayo phakathi kwephuzu lokungena nokuphuma.

1. Umlomo

Uqala ukugaya ama-carbohydrate ngomzuzu lapho ukudla kushaya khona emlonyeni wakho. Amathe afihlwe kwizindlala zakho zamathe amanzisa ukudla njengoba kuhlafunwa.

Amathe akhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-amylase, eqala inqubo yokuwohloka kukashukela kuma-carbohydrate owadlayo.

2. Isisu

Ukusuka lapho, ukugwinya ukudla manje njengoba kuhlafunwa kube izingcezu ezincane. Ama-carbohydrate ahamba ngesisu sakho aye esiswini sakho. Kulesi sigaba, ukudla kubizwa nge-chyme.

Isisu sakho senza i-asidi ukubulala amabhaktheriya kuyi-chyme ngaphambi kokuba yenze isinyathelo sayo esilandelayo ohambweni lokugaya ukudla.

3. Amathumbu amancane, amanyikwe, nesibindi

I-chyme bese isuka esiswini iye engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu amancane, okuthiwa i-duodenum. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amanyikwe akhishwe i-pancreatic amylase. Le enzyme yehlukanisa i-chyme ibe yi-dextrin ne-maltose.

Ukusuka lapho, udonga lwamathumbu amancane luqala ukwenza i-lactase, sucrase, ne-maltase. La ma-enzyme adiliza ushukela ngisho nangaphezulu abe yi-monosaccharides noma ushukela owodwa.

Labo shukela yibo abagcina sebengene emathunjini amancane. Uma sezimuncekile, zicutshungulwa kakhulu yisibindi futhi zigcinwe njenge-glycogen. Enye i-glucose ihanjiswa emzimbeni ngegazi.

I-hormone insulin ikhishwa kumanyikwe futhi ivumela i-glucose ukuthi isetshenziswe njengamandla.

4. Ikholoni

Noma yini esele ngemuva kwalezi zinqubo zokugaya iya kukholoni. Ibuye iphulwe ngamagciwane emathumbu. I-fiber iqukethe ama-carbohydrate amaningi futhi ayikwazi ukugaywa ngumzimba. Ifinyelela kukholoni bese isuswa ngezitulo zakho.

Izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta indlela ama-carbohydrate agaywa ngayo

Kunezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingaphazamisa inqubo yokugaya ama-carbohydrate. Uhlu olulandelayo aluphelelanga futhi lezi zimo zivame ukungajwayelekile nezakhi zofuzo, okusho ukuthi zizuzwa njengefa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa.

IGalactosemia

IGalactosemia yisifo sofuzo esithinta indlela umzimba ocubungula ngayo ushukela galactose olula, ushukela oyingxenye kashukela omkhulu obizwa nge-lactose otholakala obisini, ushizi, nakweminye imikhiqizo yobisi. Kuholela ekubeni noshukela omningi egazini, kubangele izinkinga ezifana nokulimala kwesibindi, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, noma izindaba zokuzala.

Fructose malabsorption

Lesi simo siye sabizwa nangokuthi ukungabekezelelani kokudla kwe-fructose. Kuthinta indlela umzimba owehlisa ngayo ushukela i-fructose ezithelweni nemifino, uju, i-agave, kanye nokudla okusetshenzisiwe. Izimpawu zifaka:

• isicanucanu
• isifo sohudo
• ukukhathala okungapheli

I-Mucopolysaccharidoses

I-Hunter syndrome uhlobo lwesifo esizuzwe njengefa esihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwe-mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). Imvamisa iqala phakathi kweminyaka yobudala emi-2 nengu-4 ubudala futhi ibangelwa i-enzyme elahlekile engadabuli ama-carbohydrate. Amandla omzimba, ukubukeka, ukukhula kwengqondo, nokusebenza komzimba kungenzeka konke kube nomthelela kulokhu kuphazamiseka.

Izinkinga ze-Pyruvate metabolism

Ukushoda kwePyruvate dehydrogenase wuhlobo lwesifo esizuzwe njengefa esihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwezifo ze-pyruvate metabolism. Kubangela ukwakheka kwe-lactic acid egazini.

Izimpawu zingaqala zisencane. Kubandakanya:

• ukukhathala
• ukungondli kahle
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• ithoni yemisipha engeyinhle
• ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile

Izimpawu zingavela zimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokudla okunzima kwe-carbohydrate.

Okubalulekile

Umzimba udinga ama-carbohydrate ukuze usebenze kahle. Ukudla okunothe ngokudla okuphelele okunempilo kufanele kukunikeze uphethiloli owanele wokusebenzisa usuku lwakho lonke.

Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, njengezithelo nemifino - ngokuvamile phakathi kwama-calories angu-900 no-1,300 usuku ngalunye. Vele, leli nani lizohluka ngokuya ngobude bakho, isisindo, nezinga lomsebenzi. Ngezidingo zakho ezithile ze-carbohydrate, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulume nesazi sokudla.

Amanye amathiphu

• Kanye nezithelo nemifino, gcwalisa ipuleti lakho ngokusanhlamvu okuphelele esikhundleni sezinhlamvu ezihlanjululwe. Lezi zinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-carbohydrate ziqukethe i-fiber eningi nezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile, njengamavithamini e-B.
• Bheka imikhiqizo yobisi enoshukela ongeziwe. Amasi anamafutha amancane, ushizi nama-yogurt anika umzimba umzimba i-calcium namaprotheni, kanye namanye amavithamini namaminerali ngaphandle komthwalo wekhalori.
• Faka ubhontshisi omningi, uphizi, namalenti osukwini lwakho. Lezi zinhlayiya azigcini ngokukunikeza ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ziqhayisa ngamanani amnandi amaprotheni, i-folate, i-potassium, i-iron ne-magnesium ngaphandle kwamafutha amaningi.
• Funda amalebula akho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi qaphela ushukela ongeziwe, ikakhulukazi ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe. Kufanele uhlose ukuthola amaphesenti angaphansi kweshumi wamakholori akho usuku ngalunye kusuka kushukela owengeziwe noma ama-carbohydrate alula.