Ukungezwa: ukukhomba, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kanjani

-Delile

• Ungayibona kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimbangela zokungezwa

Ukuba yisithulu, noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukulahlekelwa okuncane kokuzwa, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umuntu othintekayo aqonde futhi axhumane, futhi kungazalwa, lapho umuntu ezalwa ekhubazekile, noma etholwa impilo yonke, ngenxa ukuthambekela kofuzo, ukuhlukumezeka noma ukugula okuthinta lesi sitho.

Isizathu sizobuye sinqume uhlobo lokungezwa, olubizwa ngokuthi:

• Ukushayela isithulu noma ukudluliswa: kwenzeka lapho okuthile kuvimbela ukwedlula komsindo kuye endlebeni yangaphakathi, njengoba kuthinta indlebe yangaphandle noma ephakathi ngezimbangela ngokuvamile ezilaphekayo noma ezelaphekayo, njengokuqhuma kwendlebe, ukuqoqwa kwe-earwax, ukutheleleka kwezindlebe noma izicubu, isibonelo;
• Ubuthulu bezinzwa noma ukuqonda: kuyimbangela evame kakhulu, futhi kuvela ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwendlebe yangaphakathi, futhi umsindo awucutshungulwa noma udluliselwe ebuchosheni, ngenxa yezimbangela ezinjengokuwohloka kwamaseli alalelwayo ngobudala, ukuvezwa komsindo omkhulu kakhulu , izifo zokujikeleza kwegazi noma i-metabolic efana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela, izicubu noma izifo zofuzo, isibonelo.

Kukhona nokungezwa okuxubile, okwenzeka ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezi-2 zokungezwa, ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kokubili kwendlebe ephakathi nendawo nangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi kuhlonzwe uhlobo lokungezwa ukuze kuqale ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu, ngokusho kwesimo se-otorhinolaryngologist.

Ungayibona kanjani

Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa kubonakala ngokuncipha kwekhono lokubona imisindo, ngokwengxenye, lapho izinga elithile lokuzwa, noma inani, lingaqhubeka. Lokhu kulahleka kokuzwa kungalinganiswa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-audiometer, elikala amazinga okuzwa kuma-decibel.

Ngakho-ke, ukungezwa kungahlukaniswa ngamadigri ku:

• Khanyisa: lapho ukulahleka kokuzwa kufika kuma-decibel angama-40, okuvimbela ukuzwa umsindo obuthakathaka noma okude. Umuntu angaba nobunzima bokuqonda ingxoxo futhi acele ukuthi ibinzana liphindwe kaningi, ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonakala ngathi kuyaphazamiseka, kepha akuvamisile ukudala ushintsho olukhulu olimini;
• Maphakathi: ukulahleka kokuzwa phakathi kwama-decibel angama-40 kuye kwangama-70, lapho kuzwakala kuphela imisindo yokuqina okukhulu, okudala ubunzima kwezokuxhumana, njengokulibaziseka kolimi, kanye nesidingo samakhono okufunda izindebe ukuze kuqondwe kangcono;
• Kakhulu: kubangela ukulahleka kokuzwa phakathi kwama-decibel angama-70 kuye kwangama-90, okuvumela ukuqonda kwemisindo namazwi athile, okwenza ukuqonda okubonakalayo nokufunda izindebe kubalulekile ekuqondeni;
• Kujulile: kuyindlela ebucayi kakhulu, futhi kwenzeka lapho ukulahleka kokuzwa kudlula ama-decibel angama-90, kuvimbela ukuxhumana nokuqonda ukukhuluma.

Uma kunezimpawu ezikhombisa ukulahleka kokuzwa, kufanele uye ekubonisaneni nodokotela we-otorhinolaryngologist, ozokwengeza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukunquma ukuthi ngabe kuhlangene noma kukodwa yini, yini imbangela engenzeka nokuthi kufanele yini ukwelashwa. Qonda ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometry kwenziwa kanjani.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kokungezwa kuxhomeke odabeni lwayo, futhi ukuhlanzwa noma ukukhishwa kwendlebe kungakhonjiswa lapho kunqwabelana kwe-wax noma uketshezi, noma ukuhlinzwa ezimweni ze-eardrum enamanzi noma ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, ngokwesibonelo.

Kodwa-ke, ukuthola kabusha ukuzwa, umuntu angabhenela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza-kuzwa noma izimila zosizo lokuzwa. Ngemuva kokukhombisa insiza yokuzwa, umelaphi wezinkulumo uzoba uchwepheshe obhekele ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa, uhlobo lwedivayisi, ngaphezu kokuguqula nokuqapha insiza yokuzwa yomsebenzisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye iziguli zingasizakala nakwezinye izinhlobo zokuvuselelwa ezibandakanya ukufunda izindebe noma ukukhuluma ngezandla, ezithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuxhumana nokuxhumana nabantu kwalaba bantu.

Izimbangela zokungezwa

Ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahleka kwezindlebe zifaka izimbangela ezitholwe kuyo yonke impilo, kungaba ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane, njenge:

• Indlebe wax okulingene, ngobuningi;
• Ukuba khona ketshezi, njengezimfihlo, endlebeni ephakathi;
• Ubukhona bento okungajwayelekile ngaphakathi kwendlebe, njengokusanhlamvu kwelayisi, ngokwesibonelo, okuvamile ezinganeni;
• I-Otosclerosis, okuyisifo lapho umvuthwandaba, oyithambo endlebeni, uyeka ukudlidlizela futhi nomsindo awukwazi ukudlula;
• Otitis okunamandla noma okungapheli, engxenyeni engaphandle noma emaphakathi yendlebe;
• Umphumela weminye imithi njenge-chemotherapy, i-loop diuretics noma i-aminoglycosides;
• Umsindo owedlulele, angaphezu kwama-decibel angama-85 isikhathi eside, njengemishini yezimboni, umculo onomsindo, izikhali noma amarokhethi, adala ukulimala kwezinzwa zokuhambisa umsindo;
• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda noma isifo sohlangothi;
• Izifo njenge-multiple sclerosis, lupus, isifo sikaPeget, meningitis, isifo sikaMénière, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela;
• Ama-Syndromes njengo-Alport noma u-Usher;

• Isimila sendlebe noma izicubu zobuchopho ezithinta ingxenye yokuhlola.

Amacala okuzwa izithulu azalwa ngesikhathi edluliswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengomphumela wokuphuza utshwala nezidakamizwa, ukungondleki komama, izifo, ezinjengesifo sikashukela, noma ngisho nezifo ezivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengemungumungwane, i-rubella noma i-toxoplasmosis.