Konke Okufanele Ukwazi Nge-Ischemic Stroke

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Yini ebangela unhlangothi we-ischemic?
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?
• Kutholakala kanjani?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana nokushaywa yisicchemic?
• Uphathwa kanjani u-ischemic stroke?
• Kuhlanganisani ukululama ekushoneni kweschemic?
• Uyini umbono?

Kuyini isifo se-ischemic?

Ischemic stroke ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu zohlangothi. Iphinde ibizwa ngokuthi i-ischemia yobuchopho kanye ne-cerebral ischemia.

Lolu hlobo lwe-stroke lubangelwa ukuvimba emthanjeni okunikeza igazi ebuchosheni. Ukuvinjelwa kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ne-oxygen ebuchosheni, okuholela ekulimaleni noma ekufeni kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Uma ukusakazwa kungabuyiswa ngokushesha, ukulimala kobuchopho kungahlala unomphela.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-87 wayo yonke imivimbo yi-ischemic stroke.

Olunye uhlobo lokushaywa unhlangothi okuyisifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu, lapho kuqhuma khona umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni bese ubangela ukopha. Ukopha kucindezela izicubu zobuchopho, kuyilimaze noma kuyibulale.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lohlangothi ukushaywa yischemic (TIA), okwaziwa nangokuthi i-ministroke. Lolu hlobo lwe-stroke lubangelwa ukuvimba okwesikhashana noma ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni. Izimpawu zivame ukunyamalala zodwa.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Izimpawu ezithile zesifo sohlangothi esincishayo sincike kulokho okuthintekile ebuchosheni. Izimpawu ezithile zivame kakhulu kunhlangothi zonke ze-ischemic, kufaka phakathi:

• izinkinga zokubona, njengokungaboni emehlweni noma ukubona kabili
• ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka ezithweni zakho, okungahle kube kolunye noma ezinhlangothini zombili, kuya ngomthambo othintekile
• isiyezi kanye ne-vertigo
• ukudideka
• ukulahleka kokuxhumanisa
• ukwehla kobuso ohlangothini olulodwa

Uma nje izimpawu seziqalile, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuthi umonakalo uhlale unomphela. Uma ucabanga ukuthi othile unesifo sohlangothi, mhlole usebenzisa i-FAST:

• Ubuso. Ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso babo luthile futhi kunzima ukuluhambisa?
• Izikhali. Uma bephakamisa izingalo, ingabe ingalo eyodwa idonsela phansi, noma banenkinga enkulu yokuphakamisa ingalo?
• Inkulumo. Ingabe inkulumo yabo ididekile noma iyamangaza ngenye indlela?
• Isikhathi. Uma impendulo kunoma iyiphi yale mibuzo inguyebo, sekuyisikhathi sokubiza abezimo eziphuthumayo zangakini.

Noma i-TIA ihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi ivame ukuzixazulula yodwa, idinga nodokotela. Lokhu kungaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso sohlangothi olugcwele lwe-ischemic.

Yini ebangela unhlangothi we-ischemic?

Ukushaywa yischemic kwenzeka lapho umthambo ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni uvinjwe yi-clot yegazi noma i-fat buildup, ebizwa nge-plaque. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungavela entanyeni noma kugebhezi.

Amahlule ngokuvamile aqala enhliziyweni futhi adabule uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ihlule lingahlukana lodwa noma lingene emthanjeni. Lapho ivimba umthambo wobuchopho, ubuchopho abutholi igazi elanele noma umoya-mpilo, futhi amaseli aqala ukufa.

Ukushaywa yischemic okubangelwa ukwakheka okunamafutha kwenzeka lapho uqweqwe luphuka emthanjeni luqonde ebuchosheni.I-plaque nayo ingakha emithanjeni ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni futhi inciphise leyo mithambo eyenele ukudala isifo sohlangothi.

IGlobal ischemia, ewuhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-ischemic stroke, yenzeka lapho ukugeleza komoya-mpilo kuya ebuchosheni kuncishiswe kakhulu noma kumiswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo, kepha futhi kungabangelwa ezinye izimo noma izehlakalo, ezinjengobuthi be-carbon monoxide.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi?

Izimo zokujikeleza kwegazi yizona zinto eziyingozi kakhulu ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi bakhulisa ubungozi bakho bamahlule noma amadiphozithi anamafutha. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi
• cholesterol ephezulu
• i-fibrillation ye-atrial
• ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• i-sickle cell anemia
• ukuphazamiseka kokuqina
• ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:

• isifo sikashukela
• ukubhema
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma unamafutha amaningi esiswini
• ukuphuza ngokweqile
• ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile, njenge-cocaine noma i-methamphetamines

I-Ischemic stroke nayo ivame kakhulu kubantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo sohlangothi noma abake baba nemivimbo edlule. Abesilisa banamathuba amaningi okuthi abesifazane babe nesifo sohlangothi, kuyilapho abamnyama benengozi enkulu kunezinye izinhlanga noma izinhlanga. Ubungozi buyanda futhi ngokukhula.

Kutholakala kanjani?

Udokotela angavame ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nomlando womndeni ukuthola isifo sohlangothi. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zakho, bangathola nombono wokuthi ukuvinjelwa kutholakala kuphi.

Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokudideka nokukhuluma okungahambi kahle, udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kukashukela egazini. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ukudideka nokukhuluma okuxegayo nakho kuyizimpawu zeshukela eliphansi kakhulu legazi. Funda kabanzi ngemiphumela kashukela wegazi ophansi emzimbeni.

Iskena se-cranial CT singasiza futhi ukuhlukanisa unhlangothi we-ischemic kwezinye izinto ezibangela ukufa kwezicubu zobuchopho, njengokuqaqamba kwegazi noma isimila sobuchopho.

Lapho nje udokotela wakho esethole ukuthi isifo sokushaywa yischemic, bazozama ukuthola ukuthi iqale nini nokuthi imbangela iyini. I-MRI iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi i-ischemic stroke iqale nini. Ukuhlolwa okusetshenziselwa ukuthola imbangela kungafaka:

• i-electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG) yokuhlola isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• i-echocardiography ukuhlola inhliziyo yakho ukuthola amahlule noma ukungajwayelekile
• i-angiography ukubona ukuthi yimiphi imithambo yegazi evinjiwe nokuthi ukuvinjelwa kuqine kangakanani
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-cholesterol nezinkinga zokujiya

Yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisana nokushaywa yisicchemic?

Uma isifo se-ischemic singelashwa ngokushesha, kungaholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo noma ekufeni.

Uphathwa kanjani u-ischemic stroke?

Inhloso yokuqala yokwelashwa ukubuyisa ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nomfutho wegazi kwejwayelekile. Uma kunesidingo, udokotela wakho uzozama ukunciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni ngemithi.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwesifo sokushaywa yischemic is activated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), eqhekeza amahlule. Imihlahlandlela ka-2018 evela ku-American Heart Association (AHA) kanye neAmerican Stroke Association (ASA) ithi i-tPA isebenza kahle kakhulu uma inikezwa kungakapheli amahora amane nohhafu kusukela kuqale isifo sohlangothi. Ayikwazi ukunikezwa ngaphezu kwamahora amahlanu ngemuva kokuqala kohlangothi. Ngoba i-tPA ingaholela ekopha, awukwazi ukuyithatha uma unomlando we:

• isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• ukopha ebuchosheni
• ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwakamuva noma ukulimala ekhanda

Futhi ayinakusetshenziswa yinoma ngubani ophuza ama-anticoagulants.

Uma i-tPA ingasebenzi, amahlule angasuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukususwa kwamagundane ngomshini kungenziwa kuze kufike emahoreni angama-24 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu zohlangothi.

Imithi yokwelashwa yesikhathi eside ifaka i-aspirin (Bayer) noma i-anticoagulant ukuvikela amahlule angaphezulu.

Uma ukushaywa yischemic kubangelwa yisimo esifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kuzodingeka uthole ukwelashwa ngalezo zimo. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angancoma i-stent ukuvula umthambo owancishiswe yi-plaque noma i-statins ukunciphisa umfutho wegazi.

Ngemuva kokushaywa yischemic, kuzofanele uhlale esibhedlela ukuze ubhekwe okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma isifo sohlangothi sabangela ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ungadinga nokuvuselelwa ngemuva kwalokho ukuze uphinde uthole ukusebenza.

Kuhlanganisani ukululama ekushoneni kweschemic?

Ukuvuselelwa kaningi kuyadingeka ukuze uphinde uthole amakhono wezimoto nokuxhumana. Ukwelapha emsebenzini, ngokomzimba, nokukhuluma kungasiza futhi ukuthola omunye umsebenzi olahlekile. Abantu abancane nabantu abaqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kungenzeka ukuthi bathole ukusebenza okwengeziwe.

Uma ngabe kukhona izinkinga ezisakhona ngemuva konyaka, kungenzeka zihlale unomphela.

Ukuba nesifo sohlangothi esisodwa se-ischemic kukubeka engcupheni enkulu yokuba nomunye. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi, njengokuyeka ukubhema, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokululama kwesikhathi eside. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokululama kwesifo sohlangothi.

Uyini umbono?

Ischemic stroke yisimo esibi futhi sidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ngosizo olufanele lokwelashwa, iningi labantu abane-ischemic stroke lingathola noma ligcine umsebenzi owanele ukubhekelela izidingo zalo eziyisisekelo. Ukwazi izimpawu zokushaywa yischemic kungasiza ukusindisa impilo yakho noma eyomunye umuntu.