Ingozi Yezidumbu

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zengozi ye-cerebrovascular
• Ischemic stroke
• Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu
• Izimpawu zengozi ye-cerebrovascular
• Ukuxilongwa kwengozi ye-cerebrovascular
• Ukwelashwa ngengozi ye-cerebrovascular
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Ischemic stroke
• Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi
• Umbono wesikhathi eside wengozi ye-cerebrovascular
• Ukuvimbela ingozi ye-cerebrovascular

Yini ingozi ye-cerebrovascular?

Ingozi ye-Cerebrovascular (CVA) yigama lezokwelapha lesifo sohlangothi. I-stroke yilapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho kumiswa noma ukuvinjelwa noma ukuqhekeka kwesitsha segazi. Kunezimpawu ezibalulekile zohlangothi okufanele uziqaphele futhi uziqaphele.

Funa usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu osondelene nawe kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi. Lapho uthola ukwelashwa masinyane, ukubikezela kungcono, ngoba isifo sohlangothi esishiywa singalashwa isikhathi eside kakhulu singadala ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli.

Izinhlobo zengozi ye-cerebrovascular

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zengozi ye-cerebrovascular, noma i-stroke: an unhlangothi weschemic kubangelwa ukuvinjelwa; a isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu kubangelwa ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zesifo sohlangothi ziphuca ingxenye yegazi ne-oksijini ubuchopho, okwenza ukuthi amaseli obuchopho afe.

Ischemic stroke

Ukushaywa yischemic yikhona okuvame kakhulu futhi kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi livimba isitsha segazi futhi livimbela igazi ne-oksijini ukuthi kufinyelele engxenyeni yobuchopho. Kunezindlela ezimbili lokhu okungenzeka ngazo. Enye indlela ukushaywa unhlangothi, okwenzeka lapho ihlwili lakha kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho bese lingena emthanjeni wegazi ebuchosheni. Enye indlela isifo sohlangothi esibuhlungu, esenzeka lapho ihlwili lakha esitsheni segazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu

Ukushaywa yisifo esopha kakhulu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi uqhuma, noma ukopha, bese uvimba igazi ukuthi lingafiki engxenyeni yobuchopho. Ukopha kungahle kwenzeke kunoma yisiphi isitsha segazi ebuchosheni, noma kungenzeka kulwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho.

Izimpawu zengozi ye-cerebrovascular

Ngokushesha lapho ungathola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi, kungcono ukubikezelwa kwakho kube ngcono. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqonda nokubona izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zifaka:

• ukuhamba kanzima
• isiyezi
• ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi nokuxhumanisa
• kunzima ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda abanye abakhulumayo
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ukukhubazeka ebusweni, emlenzeni, noma engalweni, ikakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• ukufiphala noma ukubona mnyama
• ukuphathwa ikhanda ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma isiyezi

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingahluka ngokuya ngomuntu nokuthi kwenzeke kuphi ebuchosheni. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kungazelelwe, noma ngabe azikho kakhulu, futhi zingaba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukukhumbula isichazamazwi esithi "FAST" kusiza abantu ukuthi babone izimpawu ezivamile zesifo sohlangothi:

• Fi-ace: Ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso lucebile?
• Ai-rm: Uma umuntu evula izingalo zombili, ingabe eyodwa yehlela phansi?
• Speech: Ingabe inkulumo yabo ayijwayelekile noma ayisebenzi kahle?
• Time: Isikhathi sokushayela u-911 futhi ufike esibhedlela uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezikhona.

Ukuxilongwa kwengozi ye-cerebrovascular

Abahlinzeki bezempilo banamathuluzi amaningi wokunquma ukuthi ngabe uke waba nesifo sohlangothi.Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola ngokuphelele ngokomzimba, lapho bezobheka amandla akho, ingqondo, umbono, inkulumo, kanye nezinzwa. Bazophinde bahlole umsindo othile emithanjeni yegazi entanyeni yakho. Lo msindo, obizwa nge-bruit, ukhombisa ukugeleza kwegazi okungajwayelekile. Ekugcineni, bazohlola umfutho wegazi lakho, ongahle ube phezulu uma ngabe unestroke.

Udokotela wakho futhi angenza izivivinyo zokuxilonga ukuthola imbangela yesifo sohlangothi futhi akhombe ukuthi ikuphi. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka okukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angafuna ukuhlola igazi lakho isikhathi sokuvala, amazinga kashukela egazini, noma ukutheleleka. Lokhu konke kungathinta amathuba nokuqhubeka kwesifo sohlangothi.
• I-Angiogram: I-angiogram, okubandakanya ukufaka idayi egazini lakho nokuthatha i-X-ray yekhanda lakho, kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola umthambo wegazi ovinjiwe noma opha igazi.
• I-Carotid ultrasound: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zemithambo yegazi entanyeni yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho anqume ukuthi kukhona ukugeleza kwegazi okungavamile okuya ebuchosheni bakho.
• I-CT scan: I-CT scan ivame ukwenziwa ngemuva nje kokuvela kwezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi. Ukuhlolwa kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthola indawo yenkinga noma ezinye izinkinga ezingase zihlotshaniswe nesifo sohlangothi.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI: I-MRI ingahlinzeka ngesithombe esiningiliziwe sobuchopho ngokuqhathaniswa ne-CT scan. Kuzwela kakhulu kune-CT scan ukuze ukwazi ukuthola isifo sohlangothi.
• I-Echocardiogram: Le ndlela yokuthwebula isebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukwakha isithombe senhliziyo yakho. Kungasiza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthola umthombo wamahlule egazi.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lokhu ukulandelwa kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kuzosiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi anqume ukuthi ngabe isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile siyimbangela yesifo sohlangothi.

Ukwelashwa ngengozi ye-cerebrovascular

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-stroke oke waba nalo. Inhloso yokwelashwa kwesifo se-ischemic, ngokwesibonelo, ukubuyisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi kuhlose ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Ischemic stroke

Ukwelapha isifo sohlangothi, unganikezwa umuthi wokuqeda i-clot noma i-thinner yegazi. Unganikezwa futhi i-aspirin ukuvimbela isifo sohlangothi sesibili. Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kwalolu hlobo lohlangothi kungabandakanya ukujova umuthi ebuchosheni noma ukususa ukuvimba ngenqubo.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sohlangothi

Ngesifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu, unganikezwa umuthi owehlisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni bakho obubangelwa ukopha. Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kunzima, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe igazi eleqile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uzodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe umthambo wegazi odabukile.

Umbono wesikhathi eside wengozi ye-cerebrovascular

Kunesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuthola noma yiluphi uhlobo lohlangothi. Ubude bokululama buyahluka ngokuya ngokuthi unhlangothi kangakanani. Ungadinga ukubamba iqhaza ekuvuseleleni ngenxa yemiphumela yohlangothi empilweni yakho, ikakhulukazi noma ikuphi ukukhubazeka okungase kubange. Lokhu kungafaka ukwelashwa kokukhuluma noma ukwelashwa emsebenzini, noma ukusebenza nodokotela wezifo zengqondo, udokotela wezinzwa, noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Umbono wakho wesikhathi eside ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi uncike ezintweni ezimbalwa:

• uhlobo lohlangothi
• ungakanani umonakalo odala ubuchopho bakho
• ushesha kanjani ukwelashwa
• impilo yakho yonke

Umbono wesikhathi eside ngemuva kokushaywa yischemic ungcono ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezibangelwa ukushaywa unhlangothi zihlanganisa ukukhuluma kanzima, ukugwinya, ukuhamba noma ukucabanga. Lokhu kungathuthuka ngaphezu kwamasonto, izinyanga, ngisho neminyaka ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi.

Ukuvimbela ingozi ye-cerebrovascular

Ziningi izinto ezibangela ukuba nesifo sohlangothi, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, i-atrial fibrillation, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).

Ngokunjalo, kunezinyathelo eziningi ongazithatha ukusiza ukuvimbela unhlangothi. Izindlela zokuvikela unhlangothi zifana nezenzo ongazithatha ukusiza ukuvikela isifo senhliziyo. Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa zokunciphisa ubungozi:

• Gcina umfutho wegazi ojwayelekile.
• Nciphisa ukudla okugcwele amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol.
• Yeka ukubhema, uphuze notshwala ngokulinganisela.
• Lawula isifo sikashukela.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Yidla ukudla okunothe ngemifino nezithelo.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakunikeza imishanguzo yokuvikela unhlangothi uma azi ukuthi usengozini. Imithi engaba khona yokuvikela unhlangothi ifaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezinciphisa igazi futhi zivimbele ukwakheka kwamahlwili.