Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wesibeletho

-Delile

• Ukwelashwa kwezilonda zomlomo wesibeletho
• I-Cryotherapy
• Inqubo ye-Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)
• Ukususwa kwe-Laser
• Ukubamba ummese obandayo
• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Isigaxa se-biopsy
• I-Hysterectomy
• I-Trachelectomy
• Intukuthelo ye-pelvic
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Imithi yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ukulondolozwa kokuzala kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Umdlavuza wesibeletho

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuyaphumelela ngokujwayelekile uma utholakala usaqala. Izinga lokusinda liphezulu kakhulu.

I-Pap smears iholele ekutholeni okwandayo nasekwelashweni kwezinguquko ezingaphambi kweselula. Lokhu kunciphise izehlakalo zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

Uhlobo lwezokwelapha olusetshenziselwa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho luncike esigabeni sokuxilongwa. Ama-cancer aphakeme kakhulu adinga inhlanganisela yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kufaka:

• ukuhlinzwa
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• eminye imithi

Ukwelashwa kwezilonda zomlomo wesibeletho

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha amangqamuzana angaphambi kokutholakala komlomo wesibeletho sakho:

I-Cryotherapy

I-Cryotherapy ifaka ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ngokubandayo. Inqubo ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa futhi yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia yendawo.

Inqubo ye-Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)

I-LEEP isebenzisa ugesi oqhutshwa ngentambo yocingo ukususa izicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ezingajwayelekile. Njenge-cryotherapy, i-LEEP ithatha kuphela imizuzu embalwa futhi ingenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho nge-anesthesia yendawo.

Ukususwa kwe-Laser

Ama-Lasers angasetshenziswa futhi ukubhubhisa amaseli angajwayelekile noma angaphambi kokuqina. Ukwelashwa nge-Laser kusebenzisa ukushisa ukuqeda amaseli. Le nqubo yenziwa esibhedlela, futhi kungadingeka i-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile, kuye ngezimo.

Ukubamba ummese obandayo

Le nqubo isebenzisa isikhumba ukuze isuse izicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ezingavamile. Njenge-ablation ye-laser, kuyenziwa esimweni sesibhedlela, futhi kungadingeka i-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuhlose ukususa zonke izicubu zomdlavuza ezibonakalayo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ama-lymph node aseduze noma ezinye izicubu nazo ziyasuswa, lapho umdlavuza usabalale khona kusuka emlonyeni wesibeletho.

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlinzwa ngokuya ngezici eziningana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi umdlavuza wakho usuthuthuke kangakanani, noma ngabe ufuna ukuba nezingane, nempilo yakho iyonke.

Isigaxa se-biopsy

Ngesikhathi se-biopsy yesigaxa, ingxenye yomlomo wesibeletho emise okwesigaxa iyasuswa. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukukhishwa kwesigaxa noma ukuhlanganiswa komlomo wesibeletho. Ingasetshenziselwa ukususa amaseli angaphambi kwesifo noma anomdlavuza.

Isimo sesigaxa se-biopsy sandisa inani lezicubu ezisuswe ngaphezulu. Izicubu ezimbalwa zisuswa ngaphansi kobuso.

Ama-biopsies wesigaxa angenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu amaningi, kufaka phakathi:

• i-loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP)
• ukuhlinzwa nge-laser
• ukubanda kommese

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwesigaxa, amaseli angajwayelekile athunyelwa kochwepheshe ukuze ahlaziywe. Inqubo ingaba yindlela yokuxilonga kanye nokwelashwa. Lapho ungekho umdlavuza onqenqemeni lwesigaba esimise okwesigaxa esisusiwe, ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kungenzeka kungadingeki.

I-Hysterectomy

I-Hysterectomy ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho. Iyinciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphindeka uma iqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, owesifazane akakwazi ukuba nezingane ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesibeletho.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene zokwenza i-hysterectomy:

• I-hysterectomy esiswini isusa isibeletho ngokusebenzisa ukusikeka esiswini.
• I-vaginal hysterectomy isusa isibeletho ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• I-laparoscopic hysterectomy isebenzisa izinsimbi ezikhethekile ukususa isibeletho ngokusebenzisa ukuqhekeka okuncane okuningana esiswini noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ukuhlinzwa ngerobhothi kusebenzisa ingalo eyirobhothi eholwa ngudokotela ukukhipha isibeletho ngezicucu ezincane esiswini.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka i-hysterectomy enamandla. Kubanzi kakhulu kune-hysterectomy ejwayelekile. Isusa ingxenye ephezulu yesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Iphinde isuse ezinye izicubu eziseduze kwesibeletho, njengamashubhu e-fallopian kanye nama-ovari.

Kwezinye izimo, ama-lymph node we-pelvic nawo asusiwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-pelvic lymph node dissection.

I-Trachelectomy

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungenye indlela yokusebenzisa i-hysterectomy. Umlomo wesibeletho nengxenye ephezulu yesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuyasuswa. Isibeletho nama-ovari kusale endaweni. Kusetshenziswa imbobo yokufakelwa ukuxhuma isibeletho esithweni sangasese.

Ama-trachelectomies avumela abesifazane ukuthi bakwazi ukugcina amandla okuba nezingane. Kodwa-ke, ukukhulelwa ngemuva kwe-trachelectomy kubhekwa njengengozi enkulu, njengoba kunezinga elikhulayo lokukhulelwa kwesisu.

Intukuthelo ye-pelvic

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kusetshenziswa kuphela uma umdlavuza usakazekile. Imvamisa kugcinelwe amacala athuthuke kakhulu. Ukweqa kususa okulandelayo:

• isibeletho
• ama-lymph node
• isinye
• isitho sangasese sowesifazane
• unxande
• ingxenye yekholoni

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Imisebe isebenzisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yendabuko kusebenzisa umshini ongaphandle komzimba ukuletha ugongolo lwangaphandle oluqonde endaweni enomdlavuza.

Imisebe nayo ingalethwa ngaphakathi kusetshenziswa inqubo ebizwa nge-brachytherapy. Ukufakwa okunezinto ezinemisebe efakwa esibelethweni noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane. Kushiywe endaweni isikhathi esethiwe ngaphambi kokususwa. Isikhathi esisele kuso singancika kumthamo wemisebe.

Imisebe ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Iningi lazo liyaphela uma ukwelashwa sekuqediwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuncipha kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nokulimala kwama-ovari kungaba unomphela.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izidakamizwa zinganikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze zinciphise izicubu. Zingasetshenziswa futhi kamuva ukuqeda amaseli omdlavuza asele amancane kakhulu.

Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuhlanganiswe nemisebe kunikezwa njengokwelashwa okuncanyelwayo komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-chemoradiation ehambisanayo.

I-Chemotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho osabalale kusuka emlonyeni wesibeletho uye kwezinye izitho nezicubu. Kwesinye isikhathi, inhlanganisela yemithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali inikezwa. Izidakamizwa ze-Chemotherapy zingadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kepha lokhu kuvame ukuphela uma ukwelashwa sekuphelile.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, imishanguzo yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ihlanganisa:

• I-topotecan (Hycamtin)
• i-cisplatin (i-Platinol)
• paclitaxel (Intela)
• i-gemcitabine (iGemzar)
• i-carboplatin (Paraplatin)

Imithi yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Ngaphezu kwemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, eminye imithi iyatholakala ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Le mithi iwela ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa: ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe iyakwazi ukukhomba nokuhlasela amaseli womdlavuza. Imvamisa, imishanguzo yokwelashwa ehlosiwe ingamasosha omzimba enziwa elebhu.

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin, Mvasi) i-antibody evunyelwe yi-FDA ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Isebenza ngokuphazamisa imithambo yegazi esiza amangqamuzana anomdlavuza ukuba akhule. I-Bevacizumab isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesibeletho ophindaphindiwe noma we-metastatic.

Izidakamizwa ze-Immunotherapy zisebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba ukusiza ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Uhlobo oluvamile lwe-immunotherapy lubizwa ngokuthi i-immune checkpoint inhibitor. Le mithi inamathisela kwiprotheni ethile kumaseli womdlavuza, ivumela amaseli omzimba ukuthi awathole futhi awabulale.

I-Pembrolizumab (i-Keytruda) i-immune checkpoint inhibitor eye yamukelwa yi-FDA ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Isetshenziswa lapho umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqhubeka nokuthuthuka phakathi noma ngemuva noma ngemuva kwekhemotherapy.

Ukulondolozwa kokuzala kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza wesibeletho

Imithi eminingi yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ingenza kube nzima noma kungenzeki ukuthi owesifazane akhulelwe ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Abaphenyi bahlakulela izinketho ezintsha zabesifazane abathole ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukuze balondoloze ukuzala nokusebenza kocansi.

Ama-oocyte asengozini yokulimala ekwelashweni ngemisebe noma ngamakhemikhali. Noma kunjalo, zingavunwa futhi zifriziwe ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Lokhu kuvumela owesifazane ukuthi akhulelwe ngemuva kokwelashwa esebenzisa amaqanda akhe.

In vitro fertilization nayo iyindlela yokukhetha. Amaqanda abesifazane ayavunwa futhi avundiswe ngesidoda ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwelashwa bese imibungu ingamiswa futhi isetshenziselwe ukukhulelwa ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Inketho eyodwa esafundwa yinto ebizwa nge. Kule ndlela, izicubu ze-ovarian zitshalwa emzimbeni. Iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza ama-hormone endaweni entsha, futhi kwezinye izimo, abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokukhipha amaqanda.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho

Kunezinto ongazenza ukusiza ukuvikela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Into yokuqala ukuthola ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukuhlolwa kungathola ushintsho kumaseli wesibeletho (i-Pap smear) noma kutholakale igciwane le-HPV, okuyingozi ebalulekile yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force isanda kukhipha okusha ngokuthi abesifazane kufanele bahlolwe kangaki umdlavuza wesibeletho. Isikhathi nohlobo lokuhlola olunconyiwe kuncike eminyakeni yakho:

Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-21: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho akunconywa.

Phakathi kweminyaka engama-21 nengama-29: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho ngePap smear kufanele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.

Phakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-30 nengama-65: Kunezinketho ezintathu zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhathi sobudala. Kubandakanya:

• Pap smear njalo eminyakeni emithathu
• ubungozi obukhulu be-HPV (hrHPV) njalo eminyakeni emihlanu
• kokubili ukuhlolwa kwePap smear ne-hrHPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu

Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65: Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho akunconywa inqobo nje uma uthole ukuhlolwa okwanele kwangaphambili.

Umuthi wokugoma uyatholakala futhi ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo ze-HPV ezingadala umdlavuza. Njengamanje, kungenxa yabafana namantombazane aneminyaka engu-11 no-12.

Kodwa-ke, kunconywa futhi kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-21 nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45 abangakayitholi. Uma ukule minyaka yobudala futhi ungathanda ukugonywa, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho.

Kukhona nezinguquko ezimbalwa ongazenza ukusiza ukuvikela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukwenza ucansi oluphephile nokuyeka ukubhema nakho kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho. Uma njengamanje ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngohlelo lokuyeka ukubhema ukukusiza uyeke.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho

Umbono womdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uncike esiteji ngesikhathi okutholakala ngaso. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lomdlavuza elitholwe kusenesikhathi lihle kakhulu.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, amaphesenti angama-92 abesifazane abanomdlavuza wasendaweni baphila okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, lapho umdlavuza ususabalele ezicutshini eziseduze, ukusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwehlela kuma-56 amaphesenti. Uma isisakazekele ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomzimba, yehlela kumaphesenti ayi-17.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngohlelo lokwelashwa olulungele wena. Izinketho zakho zokwelashwa zizoxhomeka ku:

• isigaba somdlavuza wakho
• umlando wakho wezokwelapha
• uma ufuna ukukhulelwa ngemuva kokwelashwa