Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-anemia nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani

-Delile

• 1. Ama-anemias ama-Macrocytic
• I-anemia ye-Megaloblastic
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-anaemia ekhathazayo
• 2. Ama-anemias ama-Microcytic
• Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia
• Thalassemia
• 3. Ama-anemias we-Normocytic
• I-hemolytic anemia
• I-Sickle cell anemia
• I-aplastic anemia

I-anemia yisifo esivezwa ukwehla kwe-hemoglobin egazini, okungaba nezimbangela eziningi, kusuka ekuguqulweni kofuzo kuya ekudleni okungafanele. Ukukhomba nokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia, udokotela uvame ukuyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola inani le-hemoglobin, kuthathwa njenge-anemia lapho inani lingaphansi kuka-12 g / dL kwabesifazane noma i-13 g / dL emadodeni.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kungadingeka ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-hemoglobin electrophoresis, i-reticulocyte count noma i-stool test, ukukhomba uhlobo oluyilo lwe-anemia, nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele. Noma ngabe kunayiphi i-anemia yomuntu, kubalulekile ukuthi kuqalwe ukwelashwa, ngoba kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuba nezinkinga eziholela ekulimaleni kwengqondo okungalungiseki, njengokuwohloka komqondo, isifo sohlangothi nezinkinga zenhliziyo, isibonelo.

Ngokuya ngezimpawu ze-anemia nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-anemia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, okungukuthi:

1. Ama-anemias ama-Macrocytic

Ama-anemias ama-Macrocytic yilawo lapho ama-erythrocyte makhulu kunokujwayelekile, ajwayele ukubonwa kuhlolo lwe-VCM (Average Corpuscular Volume) ngaphezu kwenani lesethenjwa, eliphakathi kuka-80 no-100 fl. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-macrocytic anemias yilezi:

I-anemia ye-Megaloblastic

Luhlobo lwe-anemia olubonakala ngosayizi ongajwayelekile wamaseli abomvu egazi kanye nokwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet, okubangelwa ukudla kancane kukavithamini B12, okuvame kakhulu kubantu abadla imifino kuphela. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zakudala, kungahle kube nobuhlungu esiswini, ekulahlekelweni izinwele, ukukhathala nezilonda zomlomo, ngokwesibonelo.

Indlela yokwelapha: ukwanda kokudla kokudla okune-vitamin B12, njengama-oysters, i-salmon kanye ne-steak yesibindi noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-vitamin B12 supplements, athengwe ekhemisi. Qonda kangcono ukuthi i-megaloblastic anemia iphathwa kanjani.

I-Fanconi anemia

Luhlobo lwe-anemia yezofuzo ebonakala ngosayizi ongajwayelekile wamaseli abomvu egazi kanye nokwehla kwamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-platelet, okubangelwa ukuntuleka kukavithamini B12. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ubuhlungu esiswini, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala nezilonda zomlomo, isibonelo.

Indlela yokwelapha: ukwelashwa kuvame ukuqala ngokusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroids, kepha kungadingeka ukwenza ukumpontshelwa igazi ngisho nokufakwa komnkantsha wethambo, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zokwelashwa.

I-anaemia ekhathazayo

I-anemia ekhathazayo wuhlobo lwe-megaloblastic anemia olwenzeka lapho umuntu efaka uvithamini B12, kepha umzimba awukwazi ukuwungenisa, okungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwezinzwa uma lungekho unyango olufanele.

Indlela yokwelapha: ngenxa yobunzima bokumunca uvithamini B12, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemijovo yevithamini ngqo emthanjeni unyaka wonke. Thola ukuthi ungabona kanjani futhi welaphe i-anemia eyingozi.

Funda kabanzi nge-anemia eyingozi kule vidiyo elandelayo:

2. Ama-anemias ama-Microcytic

Ama-anemias ama-Microcytic yilawo lapho ama-erythrocyte mancane kunokujwayelekile, ngokuncipha kwe-CMV kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kwama-erythrocyte. Ama-anemias amancane we-microcytic yilawa:

Ukushoda kwe-iron anemia

Ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokushoda kwegazi, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okuncane kokudla okunensimbi, njengenyama ebomvu, iqanda noma isipinashi. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lungaphinde luvele ngemuva kokuphuma kwegazi noma ukuya esikhathini okunzima, ngenxa yokulahleka kwensimbi egazini.

Indlela yokwelapha: imvamisa iphathwa ngokudla okunothe ngokudla okune-iron ne-iron supplementation. Kuphela ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona ukumpontshelwa igazi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kokushoda kwe-iron anemia.

Thalassemia

I-Thalassemia uhlobo lwe-microcytic anemia olubangelwa izinguquko zofuzo eziholela ekukhuleni kwinqubo ye-hemoglobin synthesis, engadala ukukhathala, ukucasulwa, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, ukungathandi ukudla kanye nokwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba, ngokwesibonelo.

I-Thalassemia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezithile ngokusho kochungechunge lwe-hemoglobin olwalungakhuli kahle ekukhuleni kwayo, okungadala ukuthi izimpawu ezethulwe ngumuntu zibe ngaphansi noma zibe zimbi kakhulu. Funda ukuthi ungalubona kanjani uhlobo ngalunye lwe-thalassemia.

Indlela yokwelapha: kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-thalassemia okufanele luqale ukwelashwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe ukudla okwanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo futhi kuqinisekiswe umuzwa wenhlalakahle.

3. Ama-anemias we-Normocytic

Ama-anemias ama-Normocytic yiwo lapho ubukhulu bamaseli abomvu bejwayelekile, umphumela we-VCM ne-HCM usondele kumkhawulo ojwayelekile noma ukhombisa ukuhluka okuncane maqondana namanani ajwayelekile. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-normocytic anemia yilezi:

I-hemolytic anemia

Lolu hlobo lwe-anemia lukhiqiza amasosha omzimba aqeda amangqamuzana egazi. Kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakubesilisa futhi kudala izimpawu ezifana ne-pallor, isiyezi, amamaki ansomi esikhunjeni, isikhumba esomile namehlo nokunye. Bona ezinye izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwe-anemia.

Indlela yokwelapha: ngenhlanhla, le anemia iyelapheka futhi ingafinyelelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroids noma imishanguzo yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe ukuze ususe ingxenye yobende.

I-Sickle cell anemia

Kuyisifo se-anaemia esidalwa wukucekelwa phansi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi okudala izimpawu ezifana ne-jaundice, ukuvuvukala ezandleni nasezinyaweni nobuhlungu emzimbeni wonke.

Indlela yokwelapha: ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemithi yokuqeda izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, ngoba alukho umuthi okwazi ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-anemia.

I-aplastic anemia

Kuyisifo esizimele lapho umnkantsha unciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi, okudala izimpawu ezinjengemihuzuko esikhunjeni, ukulinyazwa njalo nokopha okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka.

Indlela yokwelapha: ukwelashwa kwayo kwenziwa ngokufakwa komnkantsha nokufakwa kwegazi, lapho kungelashwa kahle, kungaholela ekufeni kungakapheli unyaka owodwa.