I-Myeloid Leukemia Engapheli

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-leukemia?
• Iyini i-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
• Yini ebangela i-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-myeloid leukemia engamahlalakhona (CML)?
• Ihlolwe kanjani i-myeloid leukemia (CML) engalapheki?
• Ziyini izigaba ze-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-myeloid leukemia engamahlalakhona (CML)?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-leukemia?

I-leukemia yigama lomdlavuza wamaseli egazi. I-leukemia iqala ezicutshini ezakha igazi njengomnkantsha wethambo. Umnkantsha wakho wenza amaseli azokhula abe ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi ohlukile:

• Amaseli egazi amhlophe asiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka
• Amaseli egazi abomvu aletha umoya-mpilo emaphashini akho uye ezicutshini nasezithweni zakho
• Ama-platelets asiza ukwakha amahlule ukuze ayeke ukopha

Uma une-leukemia, umnkantsha wakho wenza inani elikhulu lamaseli angajwayelekile. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka ngamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile akhela emnkantsheni nasegazini lakho. Bagcwalisa amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi bakwenze kube nzima ngamaseli akho negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Iyini i-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

I-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) uhlobo lwe-leukemia engapheli. "Okungapheli" kusho ukuthi i-leukemia ivame ukuba yimbi kancane kancane. Ku-CML, umnkantsha wenza ama-granulocyte angavamile (uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe). Lawa maseli angajwayelekile abizwa nangokuthi ukuqhuma. Lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile egxisha amangqamuzana aphilile, kungaholela ekuthelelekeni, ekushoneni kwegazi, nasegazini elilula. Amaseli angajwayelekile angaphinde asabalale ngaphandle kwegazi aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

I-CML ivame ukuvela kubantu abadala ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala. Kuyaqabukela ezinganeni.

Yini ebangela i-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?

Iningi labantu abane-CML banezinguquko zofuzo ezibizwa nge-chromosome yaseFiladelphia. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba abacwaningi basePhiladelphia bayithola. Ngokuvamile abantu banamabhangqa angama-23 ama-chromosomes esitokisini ngasinye. La ma-chromosomes aqukethe i-DNA yakho (izinto zofuzo). Ku-CML, ingxenye ye-DNA esuka ku-chromosome eyodwa iya kwenye i-chromosome. Ihlangana neDNA ethile lapho, edala isakhi sofuzo esisha esibizwa nge-BCR-ABL. Lesi sakhi senza ukuthi umnkantsha wakho wenze amaprotheni angajwayelekile. Le phrotheni ivumela amangqamuzana e-leukemia ukuthi akhule angalawuleki.

I-chromosome yasePhiladelphia ayidluliswanga isuka kumzali iye enganeni. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakho. Imbangela ayaziwa.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?

Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi ngubani ozothola i-CML. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula ubungozi bakho:

• Ubudala - ubungozi bakho buyakhuphuka njengoba ukhula
• Ubulili - i-CML yande kakhulu emadodeni
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe ephezulu

Ziyini izimpawu ze-myeloid leukemia engamahlalakhona (CML)?

Kwesinye isikhathi i-CML ayizibangeli izimpawu. Uma unezimpawu, zingafaka

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo
• Kumanzisa ukujuluka ebusuku
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphansi kwezimbambo ohlangothini lwesobunxele

Ihlolwe kanjani i-myeloid leukemia (CML) engalapheki?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angasebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi ukuthola i-CML:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
• Umlando wezokwelapha
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) ngokuhlola okwehlukile nokwakheka kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali egazi kukala izinto ezahlukahlukene egazini, kufaka phakathi ama-electrolyte, amafutha, amaprotheni, i-glucose (ushukela), nama-enzyme. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwamakhemikhali egazi kufaka iphaneli eyisisekelo ye-metabolic (BMP), iphaneli ephelele ye-metabolic (CMP), ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, nephaneli le-electrolyte.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - ukufisa umnkantsha wamathambo kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukususa isampula lomnkantsha wethambo nethambo. Amasampuli athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukubheka izinguquko zofuzo kanye ne-chromosome, kufaka phakathi izivivinyo zokubheka i-chromosome yaseFiladelphia

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-CML, ungahle ube nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekile yini.

Ziyini izigaba ze-myeloid leukemia engapheli (CML)?

I-CML inezigaba ezintathu. Izigaba zisuselwa ekutheni i-CML ikhule noma yasabalala kangakanani:

• Isigaba esingapheli, lapho ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-10 amaseli egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo kungamaseli wokuqhuma (amaseli we-leukemia). Iningi labantu litholakala kulesi sigaba, futhi abaningi abanazo izimpawu. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kuvame ukusiza kulesi sigaba.
• Isigaba esisheshayo, u-10% kuya ku-19% wamaseli egazini nasemnkantsheni wethambo ngamaseli wokuqhuma. Kulesi sigaba, abantu bavame ukuba nezimpawu futhi ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungahle kungasebenzi njengasesigabeni esingalapheki.
• Isigaba esiqhakazile, lapho amaseli angama-20% noma ngaphezulu egazini noma emnkantsheni wethambo kungamaseli wokuqhuma. Amaseli wokuqhuma asabalalele kwezinye izicubu nezitho. Uma ukhathele, umkhuhlane, nobende obukhulisiwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqhuma, kubizwa njengenkinga yokuqhuma. Lesi sigaba sinzima ukwelashwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-myeloid leukemia engamahlalakhona (CML)?

Kunezindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene ze-CML:

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okusebenzisa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto ezihlasela amangqamuzana athile omdlavuza ngokulimaza okuncane kumaseli ajwayelekile. Okwe-CML, izidakamizwa ziyi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Zivimba i-tyrosine kinase, eyi-enzyme ebangela ukuthi umnkantsha wakho uqhume kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-Immunotherapy
• I-chemotherapy ephezulu ene-stem cell transplant
• Ukumnika kwe-lymphocyte donor (DLI). I-DLI iyindlela yokwelashwa engasetshenziswa ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha kwe-stem cell. Kubandakanya ukukunika ukumnika (egazini lakho) lama-lymphocyte anempilo avela kumnikeli wokufakelwa kwe-stem cell. Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. La ma-lymphocyte anikelayo angabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ubende (splenectomy)

Yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholayo okuzoya ngesigaba okuso, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho yonke, nezinye izinto. Lapho izimpawu nezimpawu ze-CML zincishisiwe noma sezinyamalele, kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxolelwa. I-CML ingabuya ngemuva kokuxolelwa, futhi ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

I-NIH: Isikhungo Somdlavuza Kazwelonke