Isimo Sasendulo nokuthi Sihlobana Kanjani Nenja kaPavlov

-Delile

• Incazelo yesimo se-Classical
• Inqubo yokulungisa okwakudala
• Imigomo yokwazi
• Izigaba zesimo sePavlovian
• Ngaphambi kokulungisa
• Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa
• Ngemuva kokulungiswa
• Zizame ngokwakho
• Izibonelo zesimo se-classical
• Isibonelo 1
• Isibonelo 2
• Isibonelo 3
• Isimo se-Classical vs. conditioning operant
• Izicelo zempilo yengqondo
• Phobias
• PTSD
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
• Isimo se-Classical ekwelapheni
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Incazelo yesimo se-Classical

Isimo se-Classical wuhlobo lokufunda olwenzeka ngokungazi.

Uma ufunda ngesimo se-classical, impendulo enesimo esizenzakalelayo ibhanqwa nesikhuthazi esithile. Lokhu kudala isimilo.

Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu salokhu sivela kulokho abanye abakholelwa ukuthi kungubaba wesimo se-classical: u-Ivan Pavlov. Ekuhlolweni kokugaywa kwe-canine, uthole ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinja beziconsisa amathe hhayi kuphela lapho kwethulwa ukudla kwazo, kepha lapho kufika abantu abaziphakelayo.

Ukuhlola umbono wakhe wokuthi izinja zaziconsisa amathe ngoba bezihlanganisa abantu nokuphakelwa, waqala washaya insimbi wabe esethula ukudla ukuze bahlanganise umsindo nokudla.

Lezi zinja zafunda ukuhlobanisa insimbi ekhalayo nokudla, okwenza imilomo yazo iconse amathe noma nini lapho kukhala insimbi - hhayi nje lapho zihlangabezana nokudla.

Ukulungiswa kunenzuzo ngomqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngoba kusisizile ukudala okulindelwe ukulungiselela imicimbi yesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, ukugula ngokudla okuthile kusisiza ukuhlobanisa lokho kudla nokugula. Lokho kusiza ukuthi sigweme ukugula ngokuzayo.

Sivezwe sonke isimo se-classical ngandlela thile ezimpilweni zethu zonke.

Osukwini lwethu usuku nosuku, abakhangisi bavamise ukuyisebenzisa ukuphusha imikhiqizo yabo. Isibonelo, izikhangiso zobuhle zisebenzisa abalingisi abanesikhumba esicacile, esibushelelezi ukuhola abathengi ukuthi bahlobanise umkhiqizo wabo nesikhumba esinempilo.

Ngezansi kwephula isimo se-classical, sinikeze izibonelo, futhi sikusize uqonde kangcono ukuthi sisetshenziswa kanjani empilweni nasenhlalakahleni.

Isibonelo sakudala senja kaPavlov. Umfanekiso kaRuth Basagoitia

Inqubo yokulungisa okwakudala

Imigomo yokwazi

• Isikhuthazi esingenamkhawulo. Le yinto ebangela impendulo ezenzakalelayo. Ukudla kuyisikhuthazi esingenamibandela ekuhlolweni kwenja kaPavlov.
• Impendulo engenamkhawulo. Yilokhu impendulo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo lapho uhlangabezana nesikhuthazo esingenamibandela, njengokufinyisa amathe ekudleni.
• Isikhuthazi esimisiwe. Lokhu kubhekwa njengesikhuthazo esingathathi hlangothi. Uma wethulwa nayo kaninginingi ngaphambi kwesikhuthazi esingenamibandela (isb., Ukudla), kuzoqala ukuvusa impendulo efanayo. Insimbi ngaphambi kokudla iyisikhuthazi esimisiwe.
• Impendulo enesimo. Le yimpendulo etholakele kwisikhuthazi esinombandela (insimbi), okuvame ukuba yimpendulo efanayo nempendulo engenamibandela. Ngakho-ke, izinja zamathe ngenxa yensimbi ngendlela efanayo ezaziconsela amathe ukudla okuphambi kwazo.
• Ukuqothulwa. Leli gama lisetshenziswa lapho uqala ukwethula isisusa esinezimo (insimbi) kaninginingi kepha ngaphandle kwesikhuthazi esingenamibandela (ukudla). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinja bezizofunda isimo sabo sokuthi insimbi isho ukuthi ukudla kuyeza.
• Ukwenza jikelele. Lokhu kubhekisa lapho ungenza khona izinto ezifanayo futhi uphendule ngendlela efanayo. Izinja zaqala ukuconsisa amathe kwimisindo efana nezinsimbi ngoba zazenza lokho ezikufundile.
• Ukucwaswa. Okuphambene nokwenziwa okuvamile, leli ikhono lethu lokutshela umehluko lapho okuthile kufana kodwa kungafani, ngakho-ke ngeke kuveze impendulo efanayo. Ukukhala kophondo, ngokwesibonelo, bekungeke kwenze izinja ziconse amathe.

Izigaba zesimo sePavlovian

Ngaphambi kokulungisa

Ngaphambi kokubekwa esimeni kulapho ukusebenza kwesikhuthazo nempendulo engenamibandela kusebenza. Le yimpendulo yemvelo engazange ifundiswe.

Isibonelo, ukudla kukhiqiza amathe, noma igciwane lesisu likhiqiza isicanucanu.

Kuleli qophelo, isikhuthazi esimisiwe sisabizwa ngokuthi yisikhuthazi esingathathi hlangothi ngoba okwamanje asinawo umthelela.

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa

Siqala ukuhlobanisa umfutho wokungathathi hlangothi nempendulo engenamibandela.

Isibonelo, ungahlanganisa uhlobo oluthile lokudla negciwane lesisu, noma insimbi ekhalayo ngaphambi kokuthola ukudla ingahlotshaniswa nokwamukela ukudla.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa

Lapho usufunde ukuhlobanisa isisusa esinemibandela nempendulo engenamibandela, iba yimpendulo enombandela.

Ngakho-ke, uhlobo oluthile lokudla manje selukhiqiza isicanucanu (noma ngabe bekungekhona ukuthi yini ngempela ebangele igciwane lesisu), futhi insimbi idala amathe.

Ngale ndlela, ngokungazi ufunde ukuhlobanisa isikhuthazi esisha (noma ngabe isimo, into, umuntu, njll.) Nempendulo.

Zizame ngokwakho

I- "The Office" inesibonelo esihle (futhi esihlekisayo!) Sesimo se-classical:

Kunezindlela eziningi ongazama ngazo isimo empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Nawa amanye amathiphu okufanele uwacabangele:

• Dala indawo enhle enamalambu amahle nezindawo ezihlanzekile zehhovisi lakho lasekhaya ukuze likwenze kube indawo yokusebenza enhle kakhulu. Isimo esihle sokusebenza singakubeka esimeni sokuthola umsebenzi owengeziwe.
• Dala inqubo yokulala ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ulale ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokukhanyisa amalambu nokugwema izikrini imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokulala. Lokhu kungadala umoya wokulala.
• Qeqesha isilwane ukwenza izindlela eziyisisekelo zokulalela noma ubuqili obukhethekile ngokubacela ukuthi benze lo msebenzi futhi babavuze ngendlela efanayo kaninginingi. Ungasebenzisa nokukhohlisa kukaPavlov bese uzama insimbi ethile ukubazisa lapho kufika idina (nokuthi kufanele bahlale futhi balinde ngokubekezela).
• Fundisa izingane isimilo esihle ngokuzinikeza isipho esincane noma ithoyizi elisha. Uma belwa nokwabelana, bavuze lapho benza umzamo wokuhlanganyela.

Izibonelo zesimo se-classical

Kunezibonelo eziningi ezahlukahlukene zesimo esidala nokuthi singafunda kanjani ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.

Isibonelo 1

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, uthola umholo wakho njalo ngoLwesihlanu. Noma unomsebenzi omusha lapho uthola khona umholo wakho ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene, usazizwa kamnandi ngoLwesihlanu. Unikwe umbandela wokuyihlobanisa nethemba lokuthola leyo mali yokukhokha.

Isibonelo 2

Ubukade ubhema endaweni ethile engaphandle emsebenzini kodwa usanda kuyeka ukubhema. Njalo uma uya kule ndawo yokuphumula engaphandle, umzimba wakho ufisa ukubhema.

Isibonelo 3

Ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu, isihlahla siyaphuka siwele endlini yakho, sidale umonakalo omkhulu. Manje noma nini lapho uzwa ukuduma, uzizwa ukhathazekile.

Isimo se-Classical vs. conditioning operant

Ngenkathi isimo se-classical sihlobene nezimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo, ezifundiwe, isimo sokusebenza luhlobo lokufunda oluhlukile.

Esimweni sokusebenza, ufunda indlela yokuziphatha ngenxa yalokho kuziphatha, okuthinta nokuziphatha kwakho kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho isenzo sinomphumela owenelisayo, ufunda ukuhlobanisa nalowo mphumela bese usebenzela ukuthi uphinde. Ehlangothini le-flip, umphumela ongemuhle uzokudala ukuthi ugweme lokho kuziphatha ukugwema lowo mphumela.

Ekuqeqesheni inja, ukuziphatha okuhle kuvuzwa ngokuphathwa, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthi inja yakho ibe ngumfana noma intombazane enhle ukuze ithole ukwelashwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuziphatha okubi kungahle kungavuzwa, noma kungathola isijeziso. Lokho kuzokwenza ukuthi inja yakho ingenamathuba amancane okukwenza ngokuzayo.

Ngenkathi isimo se-classical sithathwa njengokufunda ungazi lutho, isimo sokusebenza yilokho abantu abaningi abangakubheka njengomkhuba. Imayelana nokuqiniswa futhi kubhekwa njengokulawulwa okuningi. Isimo se-Classical sithathwa njenge-reflex.

Izicelo zempilo yengqondo

Phobias

Isimo se-Classical sisetshenziswa kokubili ekuqondeni nasekwelapheni ama-phobias. I-phobia ukwesaba ngokweqile, okungenangqondo kokuthize okuthile, okufana nento noma isimo.

Uma uhlakulela i-phobia, isimo se-classical singasichaza kaningi.

Isibonelo, uma uhlaselwa ukwethuka endaweni ethile - njengelifti - ungaqala ukuhlanganisa amakheshi nokwethuka bese uqala ukugwema noma ukwesaba konke ukugibela ikheshi. Ukuthola isisusa esibi kungathinta impendulo yakho.

Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ama-phobias asekelwe kokwesaba okungenangqondo. Njengoba isimo se-classical singabamba iqhaza "ekufundeni" lelo phobia, lingasiza futhi ukuselapha ngokulwa nesimo.

Uma othile evezwa entweni noma esimweni abasesaba kaninginingi ngaphandle komphumela omubi, isimo se-classical singasiza ukungafundi ukwesaba. Uma usuhambe ngamakheshi ayi-100 futhi awuzange wethuke, akufanele usakuhlobanisa nokwethuka.

PTSD

I-Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) yisifo esinzima sokukhathazeka esiqala ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nesigameko esibuhlungu. Kungadala ukuthi uzizwe usengozini noma ngabe uphephile.

Lokhu kukhathazeka okukhulu kufundwa ngokulungiswa. Abantu abane-PTSD banezinhlangano eziqinile ezungeze ukuhlukumezeka.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Isimo sisebenza lapho abantu belulama ezinkingeni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Abantu abake basebenzise izidakamizwa ezindaweni ezithile noma kubantu abathize imvamisa ababi nasesimweni sokungazi ukuthi bahlobanise injabulo yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nalezi zinto.

Kungakho odokotela abaningi bencoma abantu ekubuyiseleni ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ukugwema izimo nezindawo abazihlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukugwema ukudala ukubuyela emuva.

Isimo se-Classical ekwelapheni

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa kwezempilo yengqondo zivame ukubhekwa njengokuphikisana:

• ukwelashwa kokuchayeka
• ukwelashwa okuphikisayo

Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvezwa zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka nama-phobias. Umuntu uvezwa yilokho abakwesabayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi balungiselwe ukungabe besakwesaba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aversion kuhlose ukumisa ukusebenza okuyingozi ngokufaka impendulo enhle ngempendulo engemihle. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezinto, njengotshwala.

Udokotela anganikeza umuntu umuthi obamgulisayo uma ephuza utshwala, ngakho-ke lowo muntu uhlobanisa ukuphuza nokuzizwa egula.

Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha luvame ukungasebenzi lodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, inhlanganisela yemithi yokwelapha isetshenziswa.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Isimo se-Classical uhlobo lokungazi, ukufunda okuzenzakalelayo. Yize abantu abaningi becabanga ngenja kaPavlov, kunezibonelo ezingamakhulu ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke ezibonisa ukuthi isimo se-classical sisithinta kanjani.

Isimo se-Classical sisetshenziswa kwizikhangiso, ukufunda nokwelapha ukwesaba noma ama-phobias, ukuqiniswa kokuziphatha okuhle, futhi nokukusiza ukukuvikela, njengokulwa nobuthi noma ukudla okuthile. Kungasiza nasekuqeqesheni isilwane.