Ingabe Ukubandlululwa Okuthinta Izinqumo Zakho?

-Delile

• Kuyini ukukhetha kokuqonda?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokukhetha ukuqonda?
• Ukuchema kwabalingisi
• Ukukhetha okubambelela
• Ukuchema okubhekwayo
• Ukutholakala kwe-heuristic
• Ukuchema kokuqinisekisa
• Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger
• Umphumela wokuvumelana okungamanga
• Ukulungiswa okusebenzayo
• Umphumela we-Halo
• Umphumela wokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso
• Ukukhetha okuhle
• Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela
• Ukuthambekela kokuqonda kukuthinta kanjani?
• Ungakugwema yini ukukhetha ngokwengqondo?
• Okubalulekile

Udinga ukwenza isinqumo esingachemile, esinengqondo mayelana nokuthile okubalulekile. Wenza ucwaningo lwakho, wenze uhlu lwezinto ezinhle nezimbi, uthintane nochwepheshe nabangane obathembayo. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinqumo, ingabe isinqumo sakho sizoba nenhloso ngempela?

Mhlawumbe hhayi.

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi uhlaziya imininingwane usebenzisa umshini wokuqonda oyinkimbinkimbi ocubungule nakho ngakunye kwempilo yakho. Futhi phakathi nempilo yakho, njengawo wonke umuntu emhlabeni, usethuthukise izindlela ezimbalwa ezicashile zokuqonda. Lokho kukhetha kuthonya ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olunakayo, okukhumbulayo ngezinqumo ezedlule, nokuthi yimiphi imithombo onquma ukuyethemba njengoba ucwaninga ngezinketho zakho.

Kuyini ukukhetha kokuqonda?

Ukuchema nokuqonda kuyiphutha ekucabangeni kwakho okuholela ekuchazeni kabi imininingwane evela ezweni elikuzungezile futhi ufinyelele esiphethweni esingalungile. Ngoba ugcwele imininingwane evela emithonjeni eyizigidi usuku lonke, ubuchopho bakho buthuthukisa amasistimu ezinga lokunquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi oludinga ukunakwa nokuthi yiluphi ulwazi olubaluleke ngokwanele ukulugcina enkumbulweni. Iphinde idale izinqamuleli ezihloselwe ukunciphisa isikhathi osithathayo ukucubungula imininingwane. Inkinga ukuthi izinqamuleli nezinhlelo zokubeka ezingeni akuhlosile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba ukwakheka kwazo kuguqulelwe ngokukhethekile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwempilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokukhetha ukuqonda?

Abaphenyi babhale ngaphezulu kokubandlululwa kwengqondo okungu-175. Nasi isifinyezo esifushane sokunye ukuchema okuvame kakhulu okungathinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke:

Ukuchema kwabalingisi

Ukuchema kwabalingisi kungumbono phakathi kokuthi sichaza kanjani izenzo zabanye abantu nokuthi sizichaza kanjani ezethu. Abantu bavame ukusho ukuthi omunye umuntu wenze okuthile ngenxa yesimilo sakhe noma enye into yangaphakathi. Ngokuphambene, abantu bavame ukuthi izenzo zabo zibangelwe izinto zangaphandle njengezimo ababekuzo ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngomunye unyaka ka-2007, abacwaningi bakhombisa amaqembu amabili abantu ukulingisa kwemoto eshwibeka phambi kweloli, kucishe kwadala ingozi. Elinye iqembu libone umcimbi ngokombono womshayeli ojikajika, kwathi elinye iqembu labona ukuphahlazeka okuseduze ngokombono womunye umshayeli. Labo ababone ukuphahlazeka ngokombono womshayeli (umlingisi) babonisa ubungozi obuncane bokuhamba kunaleli qembu elalinombono womshayeli olandelisayo (obukayo).

Ukukhetha okubambelela

Ukukhetha ukubambelela ukuthambekela kokuthembela kakhulu kulwazi lokuqala olifundayo lapho uhlola okuthile. Ngamanye amagama, okufundayo ekuqaleni kophenyo kuvame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ekwahluleleni kwakho kunolwazi oluthola kamuva.

Kwesinye isifundo, isibonelo, abacwaningi banikeze amaqembu amabili abahlanganyeli bocwaningo imininingwane engemuva ebhaliwe ngomuntu osesithombeni. Bese bebacela ukuthi bachaze ukuthi babecabanga ukuthi abantu abasezithombeni bazizwa kanjani. Abantu abafunda imininingwane engemuva engemihle bathambekele ekuboniseni imizwa engemihle, kanti abantu abafunda imininingwane engemuva evumayo bavamise ukufaka imizwa emihle. Ukuvela kwabo kokuqala kube nomthelela omkhulu ekukwazini kwabo ukufaka imizwa kwabanye.

Ukuchema okubhekwayo

Ukucwasana okubhekwayo mhlawumbe kwavela kubantu njengenqubo yokusinda. Ukuze ziphile, izilwane kufanele zigweme noma zigweme izinsongo. Ezingxenyeni eziyizigidi zolwazi oluhlasela izinzwa nsuku zonke, abantu kufanele bazibone ezingabalulekile empilweni yabo, enjabulweni nasekuphepheni. Leli khono lokusinda elicwengeke kakhulu lingaba ngukukhetha uma uqala ukugxilisa ukunaka kwakho kohlobo olulodwa lolwazi, ngenkathi unganaki ezinye izinhlobo zolwazi.

Izibonelo ezingokoqobo: Wake waqaphela ukuthi ubona kanjani ukudla yonke indawo lapho ulambile noma izikhangiso zomkhiqizo wengane yonke indawo lapho uzama ukukhulelwa? Ukuchema kokunaka kungenza kubonakale sengathi uzungezwe ngaphezu kwesikhuthazo esijwayelekile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi awukho. Uyazi nje. Ukuchema nokunaka kungaletha izinselelo ezithile kubantu abane, ngoba bangagxilisa ukunaka kwabo ezintweni ezibonakala zisongela, futhi bangalunaki ulwazi olunganciphisa ukwesaba kwabo.

Ukutholakala kwe-heuristic

Okunye ukwenzelela okuvamile ukuthambekela kokunikeza ukukholelwa okukhulu emibonweni eza engqondweni kalula. Uma ungacabanga masinyane ngamaqiniso ambalwa asekela isinqumo, ungahle uthambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi ukwahlulela kulungile.

Isibonelo, uma umuntu ebona izihloko zezindaba eziningi mayelana nokuhlaselwa koshaka endaweni esogwini, lowo muntu angakha inkolelo yokuthi ubungozi bokuhlaselwa koshaka buphakeme kunalokho okuyikho.

I-American Psychological Association iveza ukuthi lapho ulwazi lutholakala kalula eduze kwakho, maningi amathuba okuthi ulukhumbule. Imininingwane okulula ukuyifinyelela kwimemori yakho ibonakala ithembeke kakhulu.

Ukuchema kokuqinisekisa

Ngokufanayo, abantu bathambekele ekufuneni nasekuhumusheni ulwazi ngezindlela eziqinisekisa lokho abakholelwa kukho kakade. kwenza abantu bangayinaki noma bayenze ize imininingwane engqubuzana nezinkolelo zabo. Lokhu kuthambekela kubonakala kudlangile kunakuqala, ngoba abantu abaningi bathola izindaba zabo ezivela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezilandela "ukuthandwa" nokuseshwa, zikunikeze imininingwane ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho okusobala.

Umphumela we-Dunning-Kruger

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zichaza lokhu kukhetha njengokuhluleka ukubona ukungabi namandla kwakho endaweni. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abanye abantu bazwakalisa izinga eliphezulu lokuzethemba ngento empeleni abangenalo ikhono lokuyenza. Lokhu kukhetha kuvela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo, kusuka kwezokungcebeleka kuze kube.

Umphumela wokuvumelana okungamanga

Njengoba nje abantu kwesinye isikhathi beqisa amakhono abo, baphinde badlulise izinga abanye abantu abavumelana ngalo nezahlulelo zabo futhi bavumele ukuziphatha kwabo. Abantu bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi izinkolelo zabo nezenzo zabo kuvamile, kanti ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha kwabantu zinhlanhlatha kakhulu noma azijwayelekile. Inothi elilodwa elithakazelisayo: izinkolelo zokuvumelana okungamanga ziyavela emhlabeni wonke.

Ukulungiswa okusebenzayo

Uma ubona isando, kungenzeka ukuthi usibuke njengethuluzi lokushaya amakhanda esikhonkwane. Lowo msebenzi yilokho izando ezazakhelwe ukufeza, ngakho-ke ubuchopho bunamathelisa umsebenzi lowo egameni noma esithombeni sesando. Kepha ukulungisa okungasebenzi akusebenzi nje kuphela kumathuluzi. Abantu bangathuthukisa uhlobo lokuzinza okusebenzayo maqondana nabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokusebenza. UHana = IT. U-Alex = ukumaketha.

Inkinga ngokulungiswa okusebenzayo ukuthi ingakhawulela ngokuqinile ubuciko nokuxazulula izinkinga. Enye indlela abacwaningi abathole ngayo ukunqoba ukulungisa ukusebenza ukuqeqesha abantu ukuthi bangabona kanjani konke isici sento noma inkinga.

Ngo-2012, ababambiqhaza baqeqeshwa enqubweni yezinyathelo ezimbili eyaziwa ngokuthi inqubo yezingxenye ezijwayelekile. Isinyathelo sokuqala: bhala izingxenye zento (noma inkinga). Isinyathelo sesibili: khipha ingxenye ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okwaziwayo. Isibonelo sakudala ukuhlephula ikhandlela libe yi-wax nentambo. Okulandelayo, khipha intambo kusuka ekusebenzeni kwekhandlela, ukuyichaza esikhundleni salokho njengeyunithi yezinhlamvu, okuvula amathuba amasha okusetshenziswa kwayo. Ababambiqhaza bocwaningo abasebenzisa le ndlela baxazulule izinkinga ezingamaphesenti angama-67 kunabantu abangazisebenzisanga.

Umphumela we-Halo

Uma ungaphansi kwethonya le-halo effect bias, umbono wakho ojwayelekile womuntu ulolongwa ngokungafanele ngesici esisodwa.

Esinye sezici ezinethonya elikhulu? Ubuhle. Abantu abajwayele ukuheha njengabahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi abanonembeza ukwedlula ukusebenza kwabo kwezemfundo.

Umphumela wokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso

Uma ukhumbula umcimbi, ukuwubheka kwakho kungashintshwa uma kamuva uthola imininingwane engeyona ngomcimbi. Ngamanye amagama, uma ufunda okuthile okusha ngomcimbi owubonile, kungashintsha indlela owukhumbula ngayo umcimbi, noma ngabe lokho okutshelwayo kungahlobene noma kungamanga.

Le ndlela yokuchema inemithelela emikhulu ebufakazini bobufakazi bofakazi. Muva nje abacwaningi bathole indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa lokhu kukhetha. Uma ofakazi bezijwayeza ukuphinda, ikakhulukazi lezo ezigxila emandleni esahlulelo nasenkumbulweni, imiphumela engemihle iyancipha, futhi bathambekele ekukhumbuleni imicimbi ngokunembe kakhudlwana.

Ukukhetha okuhle

Ukuchema nethemba kungakwenza ukholelwe ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthi uhlangabezane nobunzima kunabanye abantu, futhi uvame ukuthola impumelelo. bathole ukuthi noma ngabe abantu benza izibikezelo ngomcebo wabo wesikhathi esizayo, ubudlelwano, noma impilo, imvamisa babheka impumelelo enkulu futhi banciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi sivuselela izinkolelo zethu ngokukhetha, sengeza isibuyekezo lapho okuthile kuvela kahle kepha hhayi kaningi lapho izinto zonakala kabi.

Ukuzikhethela kokuzenzela

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle empilweni yakho, ungahle ube nokuthambekela kokusola amandla angaphandle ngokukubangela. Kepha lapho okuthile kungahambi kahle ku- omunye umuntu Impilo, ungahle uzibuze ukuthi ngabe lowo muntu ubenecala ngandlela thile, uma ngabe isici sangaphakathi noma iphutha kubangele inkinga yabo. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuchema kokuzenzela kungadala ukuthi ubonge izimfanelo zakho zangaphakathi noma imikhuba yakho lapho uthola okuthile okuhle.

Ukuthambekela kokuqonda kukuthinta kanjani?

Ukuchema kwengqondo kungathinta amakhono akho okwenza izinqumo, kunciphise amakhono akho wokuxazulula izinkinga, kuphazamise impumelelo yakho yomsebenzi, kulimaze ukuthembeka kwezinkumbulo zakho, kubekele inselelo amandla akho okuphendula ezimweni ezibucayi, kwandise ukukhathazeka nokudangala, futhi kuphazamise ubudlelwane bakho.

Ungakugwema yini ukukhetha ngokwengqondo?

Cishe cha. Ingqondo yomuntu ifuna ukusebenza kahle, okusho ukuthi ukucabanga okuningi esikusebenzisayo ukwenza izinqumo zethu zansuku zonke kuncike ekusebenzeni okuzenzekelayo. Kepha cabanga thina can Ngcono ekuboneni izimo lapho ukucwasana kwethu kungenzeka kusebenze khona futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokukuveza nokuzilungisa. Nakhu ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani imiphumela yokuchema:

• Funda. Ukufunda ukucwaswa kwengqondo kungakusiza ukuthi ukubone empilweni yakho futhi ukuphikise uma usukuphikisile.
• Umbuzo. Uma usesimweni lapho wazi khona ukuthi ungahle uthambekele ekucheleni, yehlisa ukwenza kwakho izinqumo futhi ucabangele ukukhulisa uhla lwemithombo ethembekile obonisana nayo.
• Hlanganyela. Hlanganisa iqembu elihlukahlukene labanikeli abanezindawo ezahlukahlukene zobungcweti nesipiliyoni sempilo ukukusiza ukuthi ubheke amathuba okungenzeka ungawanaki.
• Hlala ungaboni. Ukwehlisa amathuba okuthi uzothonyelwa ubulili, ubuhlanga, noma okunye ukucatshangelwa okugxeka kalula, zigcine wena nabanye ekutholeni ulwazi ngalezo zinto.
• Sebenzisa izinhla zokuhlola, ama-algorithm, nezinye izinyathelo zenhloso. Zingakusiza ugxile kuzinto ezifanele futhi unciphise amathuba okuthi uthonywe yizinto ezingasebenzi.

Okubalulekile

Ukucwasana ngokwengqondo kungamaphutha ekucabangeni kwakho okungaholela ekutholeni iziphetho ezinganembile. Zingaba yingozi ngoba zikwenza ukuthi ugxile kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zolwazi ngenkathi ubheke ezinye izinhlobo.

Cishe akunangqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ungasusa ukucwasa kwengqondo, kepha ungathuthukisa ikhono lakho lokubona izimo lapho uzoba sengozini kuzo. Ngokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi basebenza kanjani, unciphisa inqubo yakho yokwenza izinqumo, ukusebenzisana nabanye, nokusebenzisa izinhla zokuhlola nezinqubo, unganciphisa amathuba okuthi ukucwaswa kwengqondo kukulahlekise.