Umlobi: Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa: 7 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 17 Unovemba 2024
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-Delile

Yini Ukuphazamiseka Kwezokuxhumana

Izinkinga zokuxhumana zingathinta indlela umuntu ayithola ngayo, ayithumele ngayo, ayicubungule futhi ayiqonde ngayo imiqondo ethile. Futhi zingenza buthakathaka amakhono okukhuluma nawolimi, noma zonakalise ikhono lokuzwa nokuqonda imiyalezo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana.

Izinhlobo Zokuphazamiseka Kwezokuxhumana

Izinkinga zokuxhumana zihlelwe ngezindlela eziningana. Izinkinga zolimi ezichazayo yenza ukukhuluma kube nzima. Izinkinga ezixubile zolimi olwamukelayo noluzwakalayo yenza kokubili ukuqonda ukuqonda nokukhuluma kube nzima.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo thinta izwi lakho. Kubandakanya:

  • i-articulation disorder: ukushintsha noma ukufaka amagama esikhundleni ukuze imilayezo kube nzima ukuyiqonda
  • ukushelela (fluency disorder): ukukhuluma ngezinga elingajwayelekile noma isigqi sokukhuluma
  • ukuphazamiseka kwezwi: ukuphakama kwephimbo okungajwayelekile, ivolumu, noma ubude benkulumo

Ukuphazamiseka kolimi kuthinta indlela osebenzisa ngayo inkulumo noma ukubhala. Kubandakanya:


  • ukuphazamiseka kwefomu lolimi, okuthinta:
    • imisindvo (imisindvo leyakha tinhlelo telulwimi)
    • morphology (isakhiwo nokwakhiwa kwamagama)
    • i-syntax (yakhiwa kanjani imisho)
    • ukuphazamiseka kokuqukethwe kolimi, okuthinta ama-semantics (izincazelo zamagama nemisho)
    • ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kolimi, okuthinta ama-pragmatics (ukusetshenziswa kwemiyalezo efanele umphakathi)

Izinkinga zokuzwa konakalisa ikhono lokusebenzisa inkulumo kanye / noma ulimi. Umuntu onenkinga yokuzwa angachazwa njengendlebe yokuzwa kanzima. Abantu abayizithulu abakwazi ukuthembela ekuzweni njengomthombo omkhulu wokuxhumana. Abantu abangezwa kahle bangenza ukuzwa okulinganiselwe kuphela lapho bekhuluma.

Izinkinga zokucubungula eziphakathi kuthinta indlela umuntu ahlaziya futhi asebenzise ngayo idatha kumasiginali wokuzwa.

Yini Ebangela Ukuphazamiseka Kokuxhumana?

Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kokuxhumana aziwa.

Izinkinga zokuxhumana zingaba yizimo zokuthuthuka noma ezitholakalayo. Izimbangela zifaka:


  • ukukhula okungavamile kobuchopho
  • ukuchayeka ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa noma ubuthi ngaphambi kokuzalwa
  • umlomo oqhekekile noma ulwanga
  • izici zofuzo
  • ukulimala okubuhlungu ebuchosheni
  • ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa
  • imivimbo
  • izimila endaweni esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana

Ngubani Osengozini Yezinkinga Zokuxhumana?

Izinkinga zokuxhumana zivamile ezinganeni. Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Deafness kanye nezinye Izifo Zokuxhumana (NIDCD), amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-9 ezingane ezisencane anenkinga yokukhuluma. Leli zinga lehla laya kumaphesenti ama-5 ezinganeni ezifunda ibanga lokuqala (i-NIDCD).

Izinkinga zokuxhumana nazo zivamile kubantu abadala. E-United States, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-7.5 banezinkinga zokusebenzisa amazwi abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-8 bahlupheka ngohlobo oluthile lwesimo solimi (i-NIDCD).

Iziguli ezinokulimala kobuchopho zisengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zinkinga. Noma kunjalo, izimo eziningi zenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Lokhu kungafaka ukuqala kwe-aphasia, okungukuthi ukusebenzisa noma ukuqonda ulimi. Kuze kube ngabantu abayizigidi ezi-1 e-United States abanalesi simo (NIDCD).


Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuphazamiseka Kokuxhumana?

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni nasembangela yesifo. Zingafaka:

  • imisindo ephindaphindwayo
  • ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamagama
  • ukungakwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela eqondakalayo
  • ukungakwazi ukuqonda imilayezo

Ukuhlonza Izinkinga Zokuxhumana

Ukuxilongwa okunembile kungadinga ukufaka ochwepheshe abaningana. Odokotela bomndeni, odokotela bezinzwa, kanye nabahlengikazi bolimi lwenkulumo bangahlola. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kufaka:

  • ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba
  • ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kokucabanga namakhono okucabanga
  • ukuhlolwa kwenkulumo nolimi
  • i-magnetic resonance imaging (i-MRI)
  • ukuskena kwe-computed tomography (CT)
  • ukuhlolwa kwengqondo

Ukwelapha Ukuphazamiseka Kwezokuxhumana

Iningi labantu abanezinkinga zokuxhumana bayazuza ekwelashweni kolimi lokukhuluma. Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo nobukhulu besifo. Izimbangela eziyisisekelo, ezinjengezifo, zingelashwa kuqala.

Ezinganeni, kungcono ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Udokotela wezifo zolimi angasiza iziguli zakhe amandla asebekhona. Ukwelashwa kungafaka izindlela zokulungisa ukuthuthukisa amakhono abuthakathaka. Ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ezifana nolimi lwezandla nazo zingafundwa.

Ukwelashwa kweqembu kungavumela iziguli ukuthi zivivinye amakhono azo endaweni ephephile. Ukuhlanganyela komndeni kuvame ukukhuthazwa.

Isibikezelo

Izici eziningana zingakhawulela ukuthi kungenzeka ushintsho olungakanani, kufaka phakathi imbangela kanye nezinga lesifo. Ezinganeni, ukwesekwa okuhlangene kwabazali, othisha, kanye nezingcweti zokukhuluma nezolimi kungasiza. Kubantu abadala, ukuzikhuthaza kungabalulekile.

Ukuvimbela

Azikho izindlela ezithile zokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana. Ukugwema izinto eziyingozi, njenganoma yini engadala ukulimala ebuchosheni, kungasiza, njengoba kunganciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi ngokuphila impilo enempilo.

Izinkinga eziningi zokuxhumana zenzeka ngaphandle kwezimbangela ezaziwayo.

Lapho kusolwa izinkinga zokuxhumana ezinganeni, kufanele zikhonjwe ngokushesha okukhulu (CHOP).

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