I-COPD

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Yini i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Yini ebangela i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Ziyini izimpawu zeCOPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ze-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?
• Ingabe i-COPD (isifo esingelapheki sokuvimbela amaphaphu) ingavinjelwa?

Isifinyezo

Yini i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

I-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) iyiqembu lezifo zamaphaphu ezenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imvamisa, izindiza zomoya nezikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho ziyaqina noma zinwebekile. Uma uphefumula, izindlela zomoya ziletha umoya ezikhwameni zomoya. Amasaka omoya agcwalisa umoya, njengebhaluni elincane. Uma uphefumula uphume, amasaka omoya ayashibilika, bese umoya uyaphuma. Uma une-COPD, kungena umoya omncane ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezindlela zakho zomoya ngenxa yenkinga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu:

• Izindlela zomoya nezikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho ziyaqina
• Izindonga eziphakathi kwamasaka amaningi omoya ziyabhidlika
• Izindonga zemigwaqo yomoya ziyajiya futhi zivuthe
• Izindlela zomoya zenza amafinyila amaningi kunokujwayelekile futhi angavaleka

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

I-COPD ifaka izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Emphysema ithinta izikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho, kanye nezindonga eziphakathi kwazo. Ziyalimala futhi azikwazi ukunwebeka.
• I-bronchitis engapheli, lapho ulwelwesi lwemigudu yakho yomoya luhlala lucasulwa futhi luvuvukala. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi luvuvuke futhi lwenze amafinyila.

Iningi labantu abane-COPD bane-emphysema kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli, kepha ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye luqine kangakanani lungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

Yini ebangela i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Isizathu se-COPD imvamisa ukuvezwa okuhlala isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo ezilimaza amaphaphu akho nemigwaqo yomoya. E-United States, intuthu kagwayi iyimbangela eyinhloko. Ipayipi, i-cigar, nezinye izinhlobo zentuthu kagwayi nakho kungadala i-COPD, ikakhulukazi uma uyihogela.

Ukuvezwa kokunye okucasulwa okuhogelwayo kunganikela ku-COPD. Lokhu kufaka phakathi intuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, nentuthu yamakhemikhali noma uthuli oluvela endaweni noma emsebenzini.

Imvamisa, isimo sofuzo esibizwa nge-alpha-1 antitrypsin defence singadlala indima ekubangeleni i-COPD.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Izici eziyingozi zeCOPD zifaka phakathi

• Ukubhema. Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu. Kuze kube ngu-75% wabantu abane-COPD ababhemayo noma ababevame ukubhema.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwezinye izinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu, njengentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, nentuthu yamakhemikhali nothuli oluvela emvelweni noma emsebenzini
• Ubudala. Iningi labantu abane-COPD okungenani lineminyaka engama-40 lapho izimpawu zabo ziqala.
• Izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kufaka ukuntuleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin, okuyisimo sezakhi zofuzo. Futhi, ababhemayo abathola i-COPD maningi amathuba okuthi bayithole uma benomlando womndeni we-COPD.

Ziyini izimpawu zeCOPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Ekuqaleni, ungahle ungabi nazimpawu noma ube nezimpawu ezincane kuphela. Njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu zakho zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Zingafaka

• Ukukhwehlela njalo noma ukukhwehlela okuveza amafinyila amaningi
• Ukuqhuma
• Umlozi oshayayo noma ophefumulayo lapho uphefumula
• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukuqina esifubeni sakho

Abanye abantu abane-COPD bathola izifo zokuphefumula njalo ezifana nemikhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-COPD ingadala ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka emisipheni yakho ephansi, nokuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni, noma emilenzeni.

Ixilongwa kanjani i-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo

• Sizobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni
• Sizobuza ngezimpawu zakho
• Kungenziwa izivivinyo zebhu, njengokuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu, i-x-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga i-COPD ngokuya ngezibonakaliso nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha nowomndeni, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ze-COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)?

Alikho ikhambi le-COPD. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza ngezimpawu, kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo, futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lakho lokuhlala usebenza. Kukhona nezindlela zokwelapha ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinkinga zalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njenge
  • Ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema. Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ongasithatha ukwelapha i-COPD.
  • Ukugwema intuthu kagwayi nezindawo ongaphefumulela kuzo ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu
  • Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekela uhlelo lokudla oluzohlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokudla okunempilo. Buza nokuthi ungakanani umsebenzi ongawenza ngokomzimba. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungaqinisa imisipha ekusiza ukuthi uphefumule futhi uthuthukise impilo yakho yonke.
• Imithi, njenge
  • Ama-bronchodilators, akhulula imisipha ezungeze umoya wakho. Lokhu kusiza ukuvula imigwaqo yakho yomoya nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Iningi lama-bronchodilators athathwa nge-inhaler. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i-inhaler ingaqukatha ne-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
  • Imishanguzo yomkhuhlane kanye ne-pneumococcal pneumonia, ngoba abantu abane-COPD basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kulezi zifo
  • Ama-antibiotic uma uthola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kwebhaktheriya noma kwegciwane
• Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen, uma une-COPD enamandla namazinga aphansi oksijini egazini lakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen kungakusiza uphefumule kangcono. Ungadinga i-oxygen eyengeziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu, okuwuhlelo olusiza ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula okungapheli. Kungabandakanya
  • Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca umzimba
  • Ukuqeqeshwa kokuphathwa kwezifo
  • Ukwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo
  • Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo
• Ukuhlinzwa, imvamisa njengesinqumo sokugcina kubantu abanezimpawu ezinzima ezingazange zibe ngcono ngemithi:
  • Kwi-COPD ehlobene kakhulu ne-emphysema, kukhona ukuhlinzwa lokho
    • Susa izicubu zamaphaphu ezilimele
    • Susa izikhala ezinkulu zomoya (ama-bullae) ezingakha lapho amasaka omoya ebhujiswa. Ama-bullae angaphazamisa ukuphefumula.
  • Nge-COPD enzima, abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu

Uma une-COPD, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaluthola nini futhi kuphi usizo lwezimpawu zakho. Kufanele uthole ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma unezimpawu ezinzima, njengenkinga yokubamba umoya wakho noma ukukhuluma. Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane.

Ingabe i-COPD (isifo esingelapheki sokuvimbela amaphaphu) ingavinjelwa?

Njengoba ukubhema kubangela amacala amaningi e-COPD, indlela engcono yokukuvimbela ukuthi ungabhemi. Kubalulekile nokuzama ukugwema izinto ezicasula amaphaphu njengentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali kanye nothuli.

I-NIH: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute

• Ukuphefumula: Ukuphatha Ukuxilongwa kweCOPD
• I-NIH Yethula Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lukazwelonke Lwe-COPD
• 'Banenkani' Ukunikela Ku-COPD