Kuyini ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Izinketho zokwelashwa
• Umehluko phakathi kokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's

I-Frontotemporal dementia, eyayaziwa ngokuthi isifo sikaPick, iqoqo lezinkinga ezithinta izingxenye ezithile zobuchopho, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-lobes angaphambili. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kobuchopho kudala ushintsho ebuntwini, ekuziphatheni futhi kuholele ebunzimeni bokuqonda nokukhiqiza inkulumo.

Lolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo lungenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezifo ezingenayo i-neurodegenerative, okusho ukuthi luya luba lubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi lungenzeka ngisho nakubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65, futhi ukubukeka kwalo kuhlobene nokuguqulwa kofuzo okudluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuye ezinganeni.

Ukwelashwa kokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambi kwesikhashana kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi eyehlisa izimpawu futhi ithuthukise izinga lempilo yomuntu, njengoba lolu hlobo lwesifo lungelona ikhambi futhi lujwayele ukuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili kuncike ezindaweni zobuchopho ezithintekile futhi zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, noma kunjalo, izinguquko zingaba yilezi:

• Ukuziphatha: izinguquko zobuntu, ukuphuthuma, ukulahlekelwa yisithiyo, isimo sengqondo esinolaka, ukuphoqelelwa, ukucasuka, ukungabi nentshisekelo kwabanye abantu, ukungeniswa kwezinto ezingadliwayo nokunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, njengokushaya izandla noma amazinyo njalo, kungenzeka;
• Ulimi: umuntu angaba nobunzima bokukhuluma noma ukubhala, izinkinga zokuqonda abakushoyo, akhohlwe incazelo yamagama futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele amandla okuchaza amagama;
• Izinjini: ukuqhaqhazela kwemisipha, ukuqina nokuqaqamba kwemisipha, ubunzima bokugwinya noma bokuhamba, ukulahleka kokuhamba kwezingalo noma imilenze futhi, imvamisa, ubunzima bokulawula isifiso sokuchama noma sokuchitha kungavela.

Lezi zimpawu zingavela ndawonye noma umuntu abe neyodwa yazo, futhi zivame ukuvela ngobumnene futhi zivame ukuba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka olunye lolo shintsho, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo kudokotela wezinzwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ezithile futhi kuboniswe ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela zokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili azichazwanga kahle, kepha ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi kungenzeka zihlobene nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile, ezixhunyaniswe neprotein yeTau neprotein ye-TDP43. Lawa maprotheni atholakala emzimbeni futhi asiza amangqamuzana ukuthi asebenze kahle, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezingakaziwa, angalimala futhi abangele ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamaprotheni kungadalwa yizici zofuzo, okungukuthi, abantu abanomlando womndeni walolu hlobo lokuwohloka komqondo kungenzeka ukuthi bahlupheke ngokufana kobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlukumezekile ebuchosheni bangaba nezinguquko ebuchosheni futhi bahlakulele ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili. Funda kabanzi ngokuhlukumezeka ekhanda futhi yiziphi izimpawu.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Lapho kuvela izimpawu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wezinzwa ozokwenza ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, okungukuthi, uzocubungula izimpawu ezibikiwe bese-ke, angakhombisa ukusebenza kwezivivinyo ukuphenya ukuthi ngabe umuntu une-frontotemporal ukuwohloka komqondo. Isikhathi esiningi, udokotela uncoma ukwenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukulingisa izivivinyo: njenge-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuhlola ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekayo;
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neuropsychological: kusebenza ukunquma amandla ememori nokuthola izinkinga zokukhuluma noma zokuziphatha;
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: siqukethe ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze sihlaziye ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lweprotheyini nokuthi yiluphi ufuzo olungasebenzi kahle;
• Ukuqoqwa kotshwala: kuboniswe ukukhomba ukuthi yimaphi amaseli wesistimu yezinzwa athintekayo;
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi: kwenziwa ukukhipha ezinye izifo ezinezimpawu ezifana nalezo zokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili.

Lapho udokotela wezinzwa esola ezinye izifo ezinjenge-tumor noma i-brain clot, angahle futhi a-oda ezinye izivivinyo ezifana nokuskena kwesilwane, i-biopsy yobuchopho noma ukuskena kobuchopho. Bona okuningi ukuthi i-scintigraphy yobuchopho iyini nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambi kwesikhashana kwenzelwa ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yezimpawu, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo futhi kwandise iminyaka yokuphila komuntu, njengoba zisekhona izidakamizwa noma ukuhlinzwa okwelapha lolu hlobo lwesifo. Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi ingasetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa izimpawu ezinjenge-anticonvulsants, anti-depressants kanye ne-antiepileptics.

Njengoba lokhu kuphazamiseka kuqhubeka, umuntu angaba nobunzima bokuhamba, ukugwinya, ukuhlafuna nokulawula ngisho isinye noma amathumbu, ngakho-ke, izikhathi zokwelapha umzimba nezokukhuluma, ezisiza umuntu ukwenza le misebenzi yansuku zonke, zingadingeka.

Umehluko phakathi kokuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's

Yize unezimpawu ezifanayo, ukuwohloka komqondo kwangaphambili akulethi ushintsho olufanayo nesifo i-Alzheimer's, njengoba isikhathi esiningi, sitholakala kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-60 ubudala, ngokwehlukile kulokho okwenzeka kwisifo i-Alzheimer lapho kutholakala khona ukuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-dementia ye-frontotemporal, izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukubona izinto ezingekho emqondweni nokukhohlisa kuvame kakhulu kunokulahleka kwememori, okuyisifo esivame kakhulu kwisifo i-Alzheimer's, ngokwesibonelo. Bheka ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's.