I-Dexamethasone, Ithebhulethi Yomlomo

-Delile

• Amaphuzu avelele we-dexamethasone
• Izexwayiso ezibalulekile
• Yini i-dexamethasone?
• Kungani kusetshenziswa
• Isebenza kanjani
• Imiphumela emibi ye-Dexamethasone
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile
• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu
• I-Dexamethasone ingaxhumana neminye imithi
• Imithi elwa namagciwane
• Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo
• Abanciphisa igazi
• Izidakamizwa ze-cholesterol
• Izidakamizwa zeCushing's syndrome
• Izidakamizwa zikashukela
• I-diuretics (amaphilisi wamanzi)
• Izidakamizwa zesifo sokuwa
• Izidakamizwa zenhliziyo
• AmaHormone
• Izidakamizwa ze-HIV
• Ama-NSAID
• Izidakamizwa zesifo sofuba
• Imigomo
• Ezinye izidakamizwa
• Izexwayiso ze-Dexamethasone
• Ukungezwani komzimba
• Kubantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo
• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe
• Kwabesifazane abancelisayo
• Okwabadala
• Ungabiza nini udokotela wakho
• Ungayithatha kanjani i-dexamethasone
• Isilinganiso sokuvuvukala nezinye izimo
• Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe noma ungawuthathi nhlobo
• Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungaphuzi umuthi ngesikhathi
• Uma uthatha kakhulu
• Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo
• Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza
• Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-dexamethasone
• Jikelele
• Isitoreji
• Ukugcwalisa kabusha
• Ukuvakasha
• Ukuqapha komtholampilo
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Isivivinyo somtholampilo se-Oxford University's RECOVERY sithole ukuthi i-dexamethasone yedosi ephansi inyusa amathuba okusinda ezigulini ezine-COVID-19 ezidinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula.

Ocwaningweni, lesi sidakamizwa sinciphise inani lokufa ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abathola imishini yokuphefumula, nangengxenye yesihlanu yabantu abanawo umoya-mpilo. Kwakungekho nzuzo etholakele kubantu ababengadingi ukwesekwa kokuphefumula. Ungayisebenzisi le mithi ukwelapha i-COVID-19 ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho ancoma ukuthi wenze kanjalo. Uma unemibuzo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-dexamethasone ye-COVID-19, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Hlola izibuyekezo zethu ezibukhoma zemininingwane yamanje ekuqubukeni kwe-COVID-19 (ukugula okubangelwe yi-coronavirus entsha). Nemininingwane yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani, izeluleko ngokuvikela nokwelashwa, nezincomo zochwepheshe, vakashela ihabhu lethu le-COVID-19.

Amaphuzu avelele we-dexamethasone

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeDexamethasone iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esijwayelekile kanye negama lomkhiqizo. Igama lomkhiqizo: DexPak.
2. I-Dexamethasone iza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, isisombululo somlomo, amaconsi wamehlo, namaconsi endlebe. Futhi iyatholakala njengesisombululo somjovo noma isisombululo se-intraocular esinikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lawa mafomu amabili anikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
3. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeDexamethasone isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala, ukusabela okweqile, kanye nokuqhuma kwe-ulcerative colitis. Kubandakanya ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal.

Izexwayiso ezibalulekile

• Ukusabela okweqile: I-Dexamethasone ingadala ukungezwani komzimba ezimweni ezingavamile. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, ukuqubuka, noma isikhumba esilumayo, noma ubona ukuvuvukala kwezingalo, izinyawo, noma ulimi lwakho, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Shayela ku-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.
• Ukulimala kwenhliziyo: Uma usanda kuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ungahle ube sengcupheni eyengeziwe yokulimala kwenhliziyo okuqhubekayo okuvela kulo muthi. Ngaphambi kokuqala lesi sidakamizwa, qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uyazi ukuthi uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ukutheleleka: I-Dexamethasone ingamboza noma yenze izifo ezithile zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo zingakhula ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ungawusebenzisi lo muthi uma unezifo zefungal, noma umlando wokutheleleka ngamagciwane noma isifo sofuba. Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izifo noma izifo ezedlule.
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Ukusebenzisa i-dexamethasone isikhathi eside kungaholela ezinkingeni zamehlo ezifana ne-cataract noma i-glaucoma. Umuthi ungadala ukulimala kwemithambo ye-optic, noma ukutheleleka kwamehlo kwe-fungal noma kwegciwane.
• Imasisi noma inkukhu: Tshela udokotela wakho uma ungenayo ingxibongo noma isimungumungwane, noma uma ungazange ube nayo imigomo yokuyivimbela. Ungaba nezinguqulo ezibucayi kakhulu zalezi zifo uma unazo ngenkathi uthatha i-dexamethasone.

Yini i-dexamethasone?

I-Dexamethasone ngumuthi kadokotela. Itholakala njengethebhulethi yomlomo, isisombululo somlomo, amaconsi wamehlo, namaconsi endlebe. Futhi iyatholakala njengesisombululo somjovo noma isisombululo se-intraocular esinikezwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lawa mafomu amabili okugcina anikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ithebhulethi ye-dexamethasone iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esinegama lomkhiqizo I-DexPak. Iphinde itholakale njengomuthi ojwayelekile. Imithi ejwayelekile ijwayele ukubiza imali encane kunohlobo lwamagama. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka zingatholakali ngawo wonke amandla noma amafomu njengomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo.

Kungani kusetshenziswa

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-dexamethasone isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezibanga ukuvuvukala, izimo ezihlobene nomsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, kanye nokuntuleka kwamahomoni. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• ukuvuvukala
• ukusabela okweqile
• i-rheumatoid arthritis nezinye izifo zamathambo, kufaka phakathi i-ankylosing spondylitis, i-psoriatic arthritis, i-juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, i-lupus ne-acute gouty arthritis
• izifo zesikhumba, njenge-atopic dermatitis (eczema), pemphigus, erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), i-exfoliative dermatitis, i-bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, i-seborrheic dermatitis enamandla, i-psoriasis enamandla, noma i-mycosis fungoides
• ukuqhuma kwezifo zamathumbu, njenge-ulcerative colitis
• ukuqhuma kwe-multiple sclerosis noma i-myasthenia gravis
• ukwelashwa kuqala ngamakhemikhali ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nemiphumela emibi evela emithini yomdlavuza
• ama-leukemias nama-lymphomas athile
• ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-adrenal (isimo lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zingakhiqizi amahomoni anele)

Isebenza kanjani

I-Dexamethasone ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa ngama-steroids. Isigaba semithi siyiqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifanayo.

• Ngezimo ezinokuvuvukala: Ngezimo ezithile, ukuvuvukala kungadala ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenze ngokweqile. Lokhu kungalimaza izicubu zomzimba. Ama-steroid afana ne-dexamethasone asiza ukuvimba impendulo yesistimu yomzimba ekuvukeleni, okusiza ukuvimbela lo monakalo.
• Ukwehluleka kwe-adrenal: Indlala ye-adrenal isiza ukulawula imisebenzi ethile yomzimba. Le misebenzi ifaka ukuphatha i-glucose yegazi, ukulwa nokutheleleka, nokulawula ukucindezeleka. Kubantu abane-adrenal insufficiency, i-adrenal gland ikhipha amanani aphansi ama-hormone athile. I-Dexamethasone isiza ukushintsha la mahomoni.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Dexamethasone

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Dexamethasone ayibangeli ukozela, kodwa ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile engenzeka ngamaphilisi omlomo we-dexamethasone afaka:

• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukucasuka kwesisu
• ukuvuvukala (i-edema)
• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ukuguquka kwemizwelo, njengokucindezeleka, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, noma izinguquko zobuntu
• Inkinga yokulala
• ukukhathazeka
• amazinga we-potassium aphansi (abangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala)
• i-glucose ephezulu yegazi
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Uma le miphumela imnene, ingahle ihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela ku-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukukhathala okungavamile
• Isizungu esingajwayelekile
• Ukucasulwa okungavamile kokugaya ukudla. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ubuhlungu besisu
  • isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
• Igazi esitokisini sakho, noma indle emnyama
• Igazi emchameni wakho
• Ukopha okungavamile noma ukulimaza
• Ukuvuvukala okungavamile emzimbeni wakho wonke, noma ukuqunjelwa esiswini sakho (endaweni yesisu)
• Ukutheleleka. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • imfiva
  • ubuhlungu bemisipha
  • ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Izinguquko zemizwelo noma imicabango, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo njengokucindezeleka. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukushintsha kwemizwelo okunzima
  • i-euphoria (umuzwa wenjabulo enkulu)
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • izinguquko zobuntu
• Ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • imfiva
  • inkinga yokuphefumula
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukukhathala
  • isicanucanu
  • umbala wesikhumba omnyama
  • isiyezi lapho umile
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile (kungenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside)
• Izilonda zesisu. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ubuhlungu esiswini (esiswini)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yokubopha. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
  • ukukhathala
  • imilenze evuvukele
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• I-osteoporosis (ukuncipha kwamathambo)

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo owazi umlando wakho wezokwelapha.

I-Dexamethasone ingaxhumana neminye imithi

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeDexamethasone ingaxhumana neminye imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi okungenzeka ukuthi uthatha. Ukusebenzisana kulapho into iguqula indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi noma kuvimbele umuthi ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Ukusiza ukugwema ukuxhumana, udokotela wakho kufanele aphathe yonke imithi yakho ngokucophelela. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi owathathayo. Ukuthola ukuthi lo muthi ungahlangana kanjani nokunye okuthathayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezingadala ukusebenzisana ne-dexamethasone zibalwe ngezansi.

Imithi elwa namagciwane

I-Erythromycin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Uma usetshenziswa nge-dexamethasone, lo muthi ungakhuphula inani le-dexamethasone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo

Uma isetshenziswa nge-dexamethasone, imishanguzo ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwefungal ingakhuphula izinga le-dexamethasone egazini lakho. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• ketoconazole
• itraconazole
• posaconazole
• voriconazole

I-Amphotericin B ngomunye umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwefungal. Ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa nge-dexamethasone kukhulisa ubungozi bakho bamazinga aphansi e-potassium. (I-Potassium iyiminerali esiza izinzwa zakho, imisipha, nezitho zakho zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.) Lokhu kungadala amajaqamba, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Abanciphisa igazi

Ukusebenzisa i-dexamethasone enezici ezithile zegazi kunganciphisa amazinga ale mithi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungazenza zingasebenzi kahle, futhi kukhulise ubungozi bamahlule noma isifo sohlangothi. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• umabhebhana
• i-Rivaroxaban powder

I-Warfarin ibuye isetshenziselwe ukunciphisa igazi. Sebenzisa i-dexamethasone ngalo muthi kungahle kube nezinguquko engcupheni yokuphuma kwegazi. Udokotela wakho angadinga ukukuqapha eduze.

Izidakamizwa ze-cholesterol

Uma uthatha i-dexamethasone nezidakamizwa ezithile ezisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol, ingagcina umzimba wakho ungamunci kahle i-dexamethasone. Lokhu kungavimbela i-dexamethasone ekusebenzeni kahle. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• kucofe
• umabhebhana
• lindokuhle

Izidakamizwa zeCushing's syndrome

I-Aminoglutethimide isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimpawu ze-Cushing's syndrome (isifo se-adrenal gland). Ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa nge-dexamethasone kunganciphisa inani le-dexamethasone emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kungasebenzi futhi.

Izidakamizwa zikashukela

I-Dexamethasone ingakhuphula ushukela wegazi lakho. Uma uthatha izidakamizwa zesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha umthamo wakho. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• ama-amylin analogs, anjenge:
  • sibongile
• ama-biguanides, njenge:
  • metformin
• Ama-agonists e-GLP-1, anjenge:
  • okweqile
  • liraglutide
  • lixisenatide
• Ama-DPP4 inhibitors, anjenge:
  • sifile
  • isithupha
  • insulini
• ama-meglitinides, anjenge:
  • nutslinide
  • umabhebhana
• sulfonylureas, njenge:
  • sphamandla
  • glipizide
  • i-glyburide
• Ama-inhibitors we-SGLT-2, njenge:
  • canagliflozin
  • dapagliflozin
  • empagliflozin
• thiazolidinediones, njenge:
  • imvuzone
  • mthombeni

I-diuretics (amaphilisi wamanzi)

Uma isetshenziswa ne-dexamethasone, le mithi yehlisa amazinga e-potassium omzimba wakho. (I-Potassium iyiminerali esiza izinzwa zakho, imisipha, nezitho zakho zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.) Lokhu kungadala amajaqamba, ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• bumetanide
• umabhebhana
• i-hydrochlorothiazide

Izidakamizwa zesifo sokuwa

Uma isetshenziswa nge-dexamethasone, imishanguzo ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isithuthwane ingehlisa izinga le-dexamethasone egazini lakho. Lokhu kungavimbela i-dexamethasone ekusebenzeni kahle. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• mthombeni
• fosphenytoin
• lindokuhle
• carbamazepine

Izidakamizwa zenhliziyo

I-Digoxin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-dexamethasone kungakhuphula ubungozi bokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile okubangelwa amazinga aphansi e-potassium. (I-Potassium iyiminerali esiza izinzwa zakho, imisipha, nezitho zakho zisebenze ngokujwayelekile.)

AmaHormone

Ukuthatha ama-hormone athile nge-dexamethasone kungadala amazinga anciphile ala ma-hormone emzimbeni wakho. Udokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi alungise umthamo wakho wemithi ye-dexamethasone noma ye-hormone. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• ama-estrogens
• izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo

Izidakamizwa ze-HIV

Ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-HIV nge-dexamethasone kungehlisa amazinga ale mithi emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle, futhi umzimba wakho ungayeka ukuphendula emithini yakho ye-HIV. Udokotela wakho angakugwema ukusebenzisa le mithi nge-dexamethasone. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• protease inhibitors, njenge:
  • atazanavir
  • darunavir
  • fosamprenavir
  • indimvir
  • umagazine
  • i-ritonavir
  • sphiwe
  • simokuhle
  • umabhebhana
• ama-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, njenge:
  • etravirine
• ama-entry inhibitors, njenge:
  • imvuse
• integrase inhibitors, njenge:
  • elkuzie

Ama-NSAID

Usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) nge-dexamethasone kuphakamisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka esiswini. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungayithatha yini le mithi ndawonye. Izibonelo zama-NSAID zifaka:

• i-aspirin
• ibuprofen
• indomethacin
• umabhebhana

Izidakamizwa zesifo sofuba

Uma isetshenziswa nge-dexamethasone, imishanguzo ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sofuba (i-TB) ingehlisa izinga le-dexamethasone egazini lakho. Lokhu kungavimbela i-dexamethasone ekusebenzeni kahle. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• phumlani
• umabhebhana
• umabhebhana

Isoniazid omunye umuthi we-TB. Uma isetshenziswa nge-dexamethasone, amazinga e-isoniazid angancipha. Lokhu kungagcina i-isoniazid ekusebenzeni kahle.

Imigomo

Gwema ukuthola imigomo ebukhoma lapho uthatha i-dexamethasone. Ngemithi yokugoma ephilayo, ufakwa igciwane elincane ukuze umzimba wakho ufunde ukulwisana nalo.

Akufanele uyithole le mithi yokugoma ngenkathi usebenzisa i-dexamethasone ngoba umuthi wenza buthakathaka amasosha akho omzimba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umzimba wakho ngeke ukwazi ukulwa kahle nomuthi wokugoma, futhi ungakugulisa.

Imishanguzo ebukhoma okufanele uyigweme ngenkathi uthatha i-dexamethasone ifaka:

• isimungumungwane, imvukuzane, irubella (MMR)
• umkhuhlane we-intranasal (FluMist)
• ingxibongo
• inqubulunjwana
• i-rotavirus
• i-yellow fever
• typhoid

Ezinye izidakamizwa

I-Aspirin isidakamizwa esiphikisana nokuvuvukala (i-NSAID). Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlungu, kanye nokuncipha kwegazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. I-Dexamethasone inganciphisa amazinga akho e-aspirin. Lokhu kungenza i-aspirin ingasebenzi kahle futhi kwandise ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Futhi, i-aspirin ingakhuphula ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi esiswini (izilonda) uma isetshenziswa ne-dexamethasone. Uma uthatha i-aspirin, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-dexamethasone iphephile yini kuwe.

Thalidomide isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda zesikhumba kanye ne-myeloma eminingi. Ukuyihlanganisa ne-dexamethasone kungadala i-necrolysis enobuthi ye-epidermal. Lesi simo sesikhumba singasongela impilo. Uma udokotela wakho ekunika yomibili le mithi, bazocophelela ngemiphumela ingadalwa yinhlanganisela.

ICyclosporine isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kwezitho ekufakeleni iziguli, kanye nokwelapha isifo samathambo noma i-psoriasis. Ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-dexamethasone kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthi amasosha akho omzimba azocindezelwa (ngeke asebenze kahle). Lokhu kungakhuphula ubungozi bokutheleleka. Ukubikwa nakho kubikiwe lapho le mithi isetshenziswa ndawonye.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zisebenzisana ngokwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya konke ukuxhumana okungenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuhlangana okungenzeka ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, amavithamini, amakhambi nezithako, kanye nemithi oyithenga uphuza yona.

Izexwayiso ze-Dexamethasone

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezixwayiso eziningana.

Ukungezwani komzimba

I-Dexamethasone ingadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuvuvukala komphimbo wakho noma ulimi

Uma uthola ukusabela okweqile, shayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ungaphinde uwuthathe lo muthi uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nawo. Ukuyithatha futhi kungaba yingozi (kungadala ukufa).

Kubantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abanezifo: I-Dexamethasone ingenza ukutheleleka kwe-fungal systemic kubi kakhulu. (I-Systemic isho ukuthi ithinta umzimba wonke, hhayi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela.) Lesi sidakamizwa akufanele sisetshenziswe uma uthatha umuthi ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwefungal systemic. Futhi, i-dexamethasone ingazifihla izimpawu zokutheleleka okungeyona i-fungal.

Kubantu abanokwehluleka kokuqina kwenhliziyo: I-Dexamethasone ingakhuphula amazinga e-sodium, i-edema (ukuvuvukala), kanye nokulahleka kwe-potassium. Lokhu kungenza ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho kube kubi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kuphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abane-high blood pressure: I-Dexamethasone ingakhuphula amazinga e-sodium ne-edema (ukuvuvukala). Lokhu kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi. Ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sidakamizwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kuphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanezilonda ezine-peptic ulcers: I-Dexamethasone ingakhuphula ubungozi besisu noma ukopha kwamathumbu nezilonda. Uma unezilonda ezinamaphaphu noma ezinye izimo zamathumbu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthi ngabe lo muthi uphephile yini kuwe. Izimo zamathumbu zifaka:

• ukwelashwa
• ukulunywa yizilonda emathunjini

Kubantu abane-osteoporosis: I-Dexamethasone inciphisa ukwakheka kwamathambo. Iphinde inyuse ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo (ukonakala kwethambo). Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphakamisa ubungozi be-osteoporosis (ukuncipha kwamathambo). Ingozi iphezulu kubantu asebevele besengozini yokwanda kwamathambo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abesifazane abaya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.

Kubantu abane-hyperthyroidism: Lesi sidakamizwa sisuswa emzimbeni ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angalungisa umthamo wakho walesi sidakamizwa ngokuya ngesimo sakho.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zamehlo: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-dexamethasone kungadala izinkinga zamehlo ezifana ne-cataract noma i-glaucoma. Ingozi yakho iphakeme uma usuvele unezinkinga zamehlo ezifana ne-cataract, i-glaucoma, noma umfutho owandayo esweni.

Kubantu abanesifo sofuba: Uma unesifo sofuba esifihlekile noma i-tuberculin reactivity, i-dexamethasone ingasivuselela lesi sifo. Uma uhlola ukuthi unesifo sofuba, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ukuthatha lo muthi kuphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanomlando wakamuva wokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo: Uma usanda kuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-dexamethasone kungaholela ekukhaleni kwemisipha yenhliziyo yakho. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale lo muthi, qiniseka ukuthi udokotela wakho uyazi ukuthi uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo muva nje.

Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela: I-Dexamethasone ingakhuphula amazinga kashukela egazini. Ngenxa yalokhu, udokotela wakho angaguqula umthamo wemithi yakho elwa nesifo sikashukela.

Okwabantu abane-myasthenia gravis (MG): Uma une-MG, ukusebenzisa i-dexamethasone ngemithi ethile esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's kungadala ubuthakathaka obukhulu. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka i-memantine, i-rivastigmine, ne-donepezil. Uma kungenzeka, linda okungenani amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuthatha le mithi ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-dexamethasone.

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe

I-Dexamethasone iyisigaba C somuthi wokukhulelwa. Lokho kusho izinto ezimbili:

1. Ukucwaninga ngezilwane kukhombise imiphumela emibi embungwini lapho umama ethatha umuthi.
2. Akuzange kube nezifundo ezanele ezenziwe ebantwini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuthi ungawuthinta kanjani umbungu.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe kuphela uma inzuzo engaba khona ibeka engcupheni engaba khona enganeni.

Kwabesifazane abancelisayo

I-Dexamethasone ayinconywa kwabesifazane abancelisayo. Umuthi ungadlulisela enganeni ngobisi lwebele futhi kungadala imiphumela emibi.

Okwabadala

Izinso nesibindi sabantu asebekhulile kungenzeka kungasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Njengomphumela, isidakamizwa esiningi sihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Ungabiza nini udokotela wakho

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqala ukugula noma izimpawu noma izimpawu ezintsha ngenkathi uthatha i-dexamethasone, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane. Futhi, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-dexamethasone

Yonke imithamo namafomu okungenzeka angafakwa lapha. Umthamo wakho, ifomu, nokuthi ulithatha kangaki kuzoya ngokuthi:

• iminyaka yakho
• isimo esilashwa
• sinzima kangakanani isimo sakho
• ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo
• ukuthi usabela kanjani esilinganisweni sokuqala

Isilinganiso sokuvuvukala nezinye izimo

Okujwayelekile: I-Dexamethasone

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 4 mg, no-6 mg

Umkhiqizo: I-DexPak

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 4 mg, no-6 mg

Isilinganiso sabadala (abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu)

Isilinganiso esivamile: 0.75-9 mg nsuku zonke, kuya ngesimo esiphethwe.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Isilinganiso sokuqala: 0.02-0.3 mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba ngosuku, kuthathwe ngemithamo emithathu noma emine ehlukanisiwe. Isilinganiso sincike esimweni eselashwa.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso nesibindi sabantu asebekhulile kungenzeka kungasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Njengomphumela, isidakamizwa esiningi sihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo owehlisiwe noma uhlelo oluhlukile lokulinganisa. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina amazinga alo muthi ekwakheni kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile komthamo

Lapho umisa ukwelashwa, umthamo wakho kufanele wehliswe kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi yokuhoxa.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlu lubandakanya yonke imithamo engenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngemithamo ekufanele.

Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe

Amaphilisi omlomo e-Dexamethasone asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Ziza nezingozi ezinkulu uma ungazithathi njengokuyalelwa.

Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe noma ungawuthathi nhlobo

Uma ungasebenzisi umuthi nhlobo, isimo sakho ngeke silawulwe. Uma uyeka ukuthatha i-dexamethasone ngokuzumayo, ungahle ube nemiphumela emibi yokuhoxa. Lokhu kungafaka:

• ukukhathala
• imfiva
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene

Umthamo wakho kufanele wehliswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukugwema imiphumela yokuhoxa. Ungayeki ukuthatha i-dexamethasone ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ukuthi wenze njalo.

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungaphuzi umuthi ngesikhathi

Imithi yakho kungenzeka ingasebenzi kahle noma ingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Ukuze lo muthi usebenze kahle, inani elithile lidinga ukuba semzimbeni wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Uma uthatha kakhulu

Ungaba namazinga ayingozi omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Izimpawu zokweqisa izidakamizwa zalesi sidakamizwa zingafaka:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• isithuthwane
• ukusabela okweqile, ngenkinga yokuphefumula, isifuba, noma ukuvuvukala komphimbo noma ulimi lwakho

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo

Uma uphuthelwa umthamo, linda uthathe umthamo olandelayo njengoba kuhlelwe. Ungaphindi umthamo wakho. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eyingozi.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza

Izimpawu zesimo sakho kufanele zinciphiswe.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-dexamethasone

Gcina lokhu kucatshangelwa engqondweni uma udokotela wakho ekunika i-dexamethasone.

Jikelele

• Thatha lo muthi ngesikhathi (izi) esinconywe ngudokotela wakho.
• Ungasika noma uqede ithebhulethi.

Isitoreji

• Gcina amaphilisi e-dexamethasone ekamelweni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-68 ° F no-77 ° F (20 ° C no-25 ° C).
• Ungawugcini lo muthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezinomswakama, njengezindlu zangasese.

Ukugcwalisa kabusha

Imibhalo kadokotela yalomuthi iyagcwaliseka. Akudingeki ukuthi unikezwe umuthi omusha kadokotela ukuze ugcwaliswe futhi lo muthi. Udokotela wakho uzobhala inani lama-refill eligunyazwe kudokotela wakho.

Ukuvakasha

Lapho uhamba nemithi yakho:

• Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha imithi yakho. Lapho undiza, ungalokothi uwufake esikhwameni esihloliwe. Yigcine esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala.
• Ungakhathazeki ngemishini ye-X-ray yesikhumulo sezindiza. Abakwazi ukulimaza umuthi wakho.
• Ungadinga ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezindiza ilebula lekhemisi lemithi yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha ibhokisi elinelebula kadokotela.
• Ungafaki lo muthi egumbini legilavu ​​lemoto yakho noma uwushiye emotweni. Qinisekisa ukugwema ukwenza lokhu lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ukuqapha komtholampilo

Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha ngenkathi welashwa ngalo muthi. Bangase benze izivivinyo zokubheka imiphumela engemihle kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside kwe-dexamethasone. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwesisindo
• ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yegazi
• ukuhlolwa kukashukela egazini
• ukuhlolwa kwamehlo (ukuhlolwa kwe-glaucoma)
• ukuhlolwa kwamaminerali wamathambo (ukuhlolwa kwamathambo)
• I-X-ray yomgudu wakho wamathumbu (lokhu kwenziwa uma unezimpawu zesilonda peptic, njengokucasuka okukhulu kwesisu, ukuhlanza, noma igazi esitokisini sakho)

Izindleko zalezi zivivinyo zizoya ngomshwalense wakho.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo yokwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho zezidakamizwa ezingakusebenzela.

Ukuzikhulula: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.