Izici Zengozi Yesifo Sikashukela

-Delile

• Yiziphi izici zofuzo ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?
• Yiziphi izici zemvelo ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?
• Yiziphi izinto zokuphila ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?
• Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?
• Yiziphi izinto ezihlobene nobudala ezithinta ubungozi besifo sikashukela?
• Ingabe kukhona imibono eyiphutha ehlobene nezici zobungozi besifo sikashukela?

Siyini isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela yisimo esithinta amandla omzimba wokusebenzisa ushukela wegazi ukuthola amandla. Izinhlobo ezintathu ziwuhlobo 1, uhlobo 2, kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa:

• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqalakuthinta amandla omzimba wokukhiqiza i-insulin. Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga ebuntwaneni, yize kungenzeka nakubantu abadala. I-hormone insulin ibalulekile ekusizeni umzimba ukuthi usebenzise ushukela wegazi. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin eyanele, ushukela wegazi owengeziwe ungalimaza umzimba. Ngokusho kwe-American Diabetes Association, izingane kanye nabantu abadala base-U.S. Abayizigidi eziyi-1.25 bane-type 1 diabetes.
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2kuthinta amandla omzimba okusebenzisa i-insulin ngendlela efanele. Ngokungafani nabantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 benza i-insulin. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe abenzi okwanele ukuhambisana nokukhuphuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini noma umzimba wabo awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngempumelelo. Odokotela bahlobanisa uhlobo lwesibili sikashukela nezinto ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila efana nokukhuluphala.
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwayisimo esidala ukuthi abesifazane babe namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lesi simo ngokuvamile esesikhashana.

Ukuba nezici zobungozi akusho ukuthi umuntu uzothola isifo sikashukela.

Yiziphi izici zofuzo ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?

Odokotela abazi imbangela eqondile yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 uthathwa njengengozi. Ngokusho kwe-American Diabetes Association:

• Uma owesilisa enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ingane yakhe inethuba elilodwa kwayi-17 lokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
• Uma owesifazane enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1:
  • ingane yakhe inethuba elilodwa kokungama-25 lokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - uma ingane izalwa lapho owesifazane emncane kunama-25.
  • ingane yakhe inethuba eli-1 kwayi-100 lokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 - uma ingane izalwa lapho owesifazane eneminyaka engama-25 noma ngaphezulu.
• Uma bobabili abazali benesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ingane yabo inethuba eliphakathi kuka-1 kwabangu-10 no-1 kwabane lokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.

Ukuba nomzali onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kukhulisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela. Ngoba isifo sikashukela sihlala sihlobene nokukhetha indlela yokuphila, abazali bangadlulisela imikhuba emibi yezempilo ezinganeni zabo ngaphezu kofuzo. Lokhu kwandisa ubungozi bezingane zabo bokuthola izinhlobo 2 zesifo sikashukela.

Abantu bezinhlanga ezithile nabo basengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• Abomdabu baseMelika
• Abase-Asia-baseMelika
• Iziqhingi zase-Pacific
• AbaseMelika baseSpain

Abesifazane banengozi eyengeziwe yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa uma benelungu lomndeni eliseduze elinesifo sikashukela.

Yiziphi izici zemvelo ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?

Ukuba negciwane (uhlobo olungaziwa) usemncane kungaqala uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kwabanye abantu.

Abantu futhi banamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 uma behlala endaweni ebandayo. Odokotela baphinde baxilonge abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ebusika kaningi kunehlobo.

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kungakubeka engcupheni yokuthola isifo sikashukela.

Yiziphi izinto zokuphila ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?

Kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, akucaci ukuthi zikhona yini izinto ezinobungozi ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila.

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luvame ukuhlobene nendlela yokuphila. Izici zokuphila ezandisa ubungozi zifaka:

• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• ukungasebenzi
• ukubhema
• ukudla okungenampilo

Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Family Physicians, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyimbangela eyodwa enkulu engcupheni yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ingozi yesifo sikashukela?

Abantu futhi banamathuba amaningi okuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 uma benezimo ezilandelayo:

• i-acanthosis nigricans, isimo sesikhumba esenza isikhumba sibonakale simnyama kunokujwayelekile
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) ongaphezu kuka-130/80 mm Hg
• cholesterol ephezulu
• i-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)
• ama-prediabetes noma amazinga kashukela egazi aphezulu kunokujwayelekile, kepha hhayi emazingeni kashukela
• amazinga we-triglyceride angama-250 noma ngaphezulu

Abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa abazala ingane enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-9 noma ngaphezulu basengozini enkulu yokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili.

Yiziphi izinto ezihlobene nobudala ezithinta ubungozi besifo sikashukela?

Abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthi bathole isifo sikashukela njengoba bekhula. Ngokwe-American Diabetes Association, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-25 ezakhamizi zase-United States ezineminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu anesifo sikashukela.

batusa abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 nangaphezulu ukuthi bahlolelwe isifo sikashukela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma umuntu ekhuluphele ngokweqile.

Ingabe kukhona imibono eyiphutha ehlobene nezici zobungozi besifo sikashukela?

Umbono oyiphutha ojwayelekile ngesifo sikashukela ukuthi imithi yokugoma ibangela isifo sikashukela. Ngokusho kweNational Center for Immunisis Reseach & Surveillance, abukho ubufakazi obusekela lesi simangalo.