Izivivinyo Zesifo Sikashukela

-Delile

• Ngubani okufanele ahlolwe isifo sikashukela?
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c
• Ukuhlolwa kashukela okungahleliwe
• Ukuzila ukudla ushukela wegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ngomlomo
• Ukuhlolwa umchamo wesifo sikashukela
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Siyini isifo sikashukela?

Isifo sikashukela yisimo esithinta amandla omzimba wokukhiqiza noma ukusebenzisa i-insulin. I-insulin isiza umzimba ukusebenzisa ushukela wegazi ukuthola amandla. Isifo sikashukela siphumela kushukela wegazi (ushukela wegazi) okhuphukela emazingeni aphezulu ngokungavamile.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isifo sikashukela siholela ekulimaleni kwemithambo yegazi nezinzwa, kubangele izimpawu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• kunzima ukubona
• ukuluma kanye nokuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• ingozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kusho ukuthi ungaqala ukwelashwa futhi uthathe izinyathelo zendlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ngubani okufanele ahlolwe isifo sikashukela?

Esigabeni sokuqala, isifo sikashukela singadala noma singabangeli izimpawu eziningi. Kufanele uhlolwe uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ezenzeka kwesinye isikhathi, kufaka phakathi:

• ukoma ngokweqile
• ngizizwa ngikhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi
• ngizizwa ngilambile kakhulu, noma sesidlile
• ukuba nombono ofiphele
• ukuchama kaningi kunokujwayelekile
• ukuba nezilonda noma ukusikeka okungapholi

Abanye abantu kufanele bahlolwe isifo sikashukela noma ngabe bengazitholi izimpawu. I-American Diabetes Association (ADA) incoma ukuthi uhlolelwe isifo sikashukela uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile (inkomba yomzimba omkhulu ukwedlula ama-25) bese ungena kunoma yiziphi izigaba ezilandelayo:

• Uyisizwe esinobungozi obukhulu (i-African-American, Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander, Asian-American, phakathi kwabanye).
• Unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi, ama-triglycerides aphezulu, i-cholesterol ephansi ye-HDL, noma isifo senhliziyo.
• Unomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela.
• Unomlando womuntu siqu wamazinga kashukela egazi angajwayelekile noma izimpawu zokumelana ne-insulin.
• Awuhlanganyeli nomsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba.
• Ungowesifazane onomlando we-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS) noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

I-ADA futhi incoma ukuthi uhlolwe ushukela wegazi okokuqala uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi wakhe isisekelo sokuqala samazinga kashukela egazini. Ngenxa yokuthi ubungozi besifo sikashukela bukhula ngeminyaka, ukuhlolwa kungakusiza ukuthi ubone amathuba akho okuba naso.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela

Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuvumela udokotela ukuthi anqume amazinga kashukela egazini emzimbeni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c kungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ngoba imiphumela yayo ilinganisela amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi akudingeki uzile ukudla.

Isivivinyo saziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated. Kukala ukuthi ingakanani i-glucose ezinamathele kumaseli abomvu emzimbeni wakho ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezedlule.

Njengoba amangqamuzana abomvu egazi esaphila cishe izinyanga ezintathu, ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c kukala ushukela wegazi wakho cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukuqoqwa kwegazi elincane kuphela. Imiphumela ilinganiswa ngamaphesenti:

• Imiphumela engaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-5.7 ijwayelekile.
• Imiphumela ephakathi kuka-5.7 no-6.4 wamaphesenti ikhombisa ama-prediabetes.
• Imiphumela elingana noma engaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-6.5 ikhombisa isifo sikashukela.

Izivivinyo zeLab ziqiniswa yiNational Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP). Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe yiluphi uhlaka olwenziwa ukuhlolwa, izindlela zokuhlola igazi ziyefana.

Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, yizivivinyo ezivunyelwe yi-NGSP kuphela okufanele zithathwe njengezichazayo ngokwanele ukuthola isifo sikashukela.

Abanye abantu kungenzeka babe nemiphumela ehlukahlukene besebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-A1c. Lokhu kufaka phakathi abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abantu abanokwehluka okukhethekile kwe-hemoglobin okwenza imiphumela yokuhlolwa inganembi. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele okunye ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kulezi zimo.

Ukuhlolwa kashukela okungahleliwe

Ukuhlolwa kashukela okungahleliwe kuhilela ukudweba igazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, akunandaba ukuthi ugcine nini ukudla. Imiphumela elingana noma engaphezulu kwama-milligram angama-200 nge-deciliter ngayinye (mg / dL) ikhombisa isifo sikashukela.

Ukuzila ukudla ushukela wegazi

Ukuzila ukudla ushukela wegazi kuhilela ukukhishwa kwegazi lakho ngemuva kokuzila ukudla ubusuku bonke, okuvame ukusho ukungadli amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12:

• Imiphumela engaphansi kuka-100 mg / dL ijwayelekile.
• Imiphumela ephakathi kuka-100 no-125 mg / dL ikhombisa ama-prediabetes.
• Imiphumela elingana noma enkulu kune-126 mg / dL ngemuva kokuhlolwa okubili ikhombisa isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kwe-glucose ngomlomo

Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose yomlomo (OGTT) kwenzeka phakathi namahora amabili. Ushukela wegazi lakho uyahlolwa ekuqaleni, bese unikezwa isiphuzo esinoshukela. Ngemuva kwamahora amabili, amazinga kashukela egazini akho ayahlolwa futhi:

• Imiphumela engaphansi kuka-140 mg / dL ijwayelekile.
• Imiphumela ephakathi kuka-140 no-199 mg / dL ikhombisa ama-prediabetes.
• Imiphumela elingana noma enkulu kune-200 mg / dL ikhombisa isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa umchamo wesifo sikashukela

Ukuhlolwa komchamo akusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela. Odokotela bavame ukuzisebenzisa uma becabanga ukuthi ungaba nohlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela. Umzimba ukhiqiza imizimba ye-ketone lapho izicubu ezinamafutha zisetshenziselwa amandla esikhundleni sikashukela wegazi. Amalabhorethri angahlola umchamo kule mizimba ye-ketone.

Uma imizimba ye-ketone itholakala ngokulingene kuya kumanani amakhulu emchameni, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi umzimba wakho awenzi i-insulin eyanele.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa singenzeka lapho owesifazane ekhulelwe. I-ADA iphakamisa ukuthi abesifazane abanezinto ezinobungozi kufanele bahlolelwe isifo sikashukela ekuvakasheni kwabo kokuqala ukubona ukuthi sebenaso yini isifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa komzimba senzeka ku-trimester yesibili neyesithathu.

Odokotela bangasebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlola ukuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Esokuqala ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuphonsela inselelo kwe-glucose. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukuphuza isisombululo sesiraphu yeglucose. Igazi likhishwa ngemuva kwehora ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini. Umphumela we-130 kuya ku-140 mg / dL noma ngaphansi uthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Ukufunda okuphezulu kunokujwayelekile kukhombisa isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana kokulandelwa kweglucose kubandakanya ukungadli lutho ngobusuku obubodwa. Izinga lokuqala likashukela egazini liyalinganiswa. Umama okhulelwe bese ephuza isisombululo esinoshukela omningi. Ushukela wegazi bese uhlolwe ngehora amahora amathathu. Uma owesifazane enokufundwa okubili noma ngaphezulu okuphezulu kunokujwayelekile, imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhulelwe.

Isivivinyo sesibili sifaka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamahora amabili okubekezelelana kwe-glucose, okufana nalokhu okuchazwe ngenhla. Inani elilodwa elingaphandle kwebanga kungaba ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa usebenzisa loluhlolo.