Yini Ebangela Ubunzima Ekugwinyweni?

-Delile

• Yini ebangela ubunzima bokugwinya?
• Izinhlobo ze-dysphagia
• I-Oropharyngeal
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukukhomba i-dysphagia
• Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ubunzima bokugwinya?
• I-Xarium ye-Barium
• I-Endoscopy
• I-Manometry
• Ukwelapha ubunzima bokugwinya

Ubunzima bokugwinya ukungakwazi ukugwinya ukudla noma iziphuzo kalula. Abantu abakuthola kunzima ukugwinya bangaminza ukudla noma uketshezi lwabo lapho bezama ukugwinya. I-Dysphagia elinye igama lezokwelapha lobunzima bokugwinya. Lesi sibonakaliso asihlali sikhomba isimo sezokwelapha. Eqinisweni, lesi simo singaba ngesesikhashana bese siyazimela.

Yini ebangela ubunzima bokugwinya?

Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, kunamabhangqa angama-50 emisipha nezinzwa asetshenziselwa ukukusiza ukugwinya. Ngamanye amagama, kunezinto eziningi ezingahamba kabi futhi ziholele ezinkingeni zokugwinya. Ezinye izimo zifaka:

• I-Acid reflux ne-GERD: Izimpawu ze-acid ze-reflux zibangelwa lapho okuqukethwe yisisu kugobhoza kusuka esiswini kubuyela emuva ku-esophagus, kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokushiswa yinhliziyo, ubuhlungu besisu, nokuqhuma. Funda kabanzi ngezimbangela, izimpawu, nokwelashwa kwe-acid reflux ne-GERD.
• Isilungulela: Isilungulela ukuzwa okuvuthayo esifubeni sakho okuvame ukwenzeka ngokunambitheka okumuncu emphinjeni noma emlonyeni. Thola ukuthi ungabona kanjani, welaphe futhi uvimbele isilungulela.
• I-Epiglottitis: I-Epiglottitis ibonakala ngezicubu ezivuthayo ku-epiglottis yakho. Kuyisimo esongela impilo. Funda ukuthi ubani oyitholayo, kungani, nokuthi iphathwa kanjani. Lesi simo sithathwa njengesiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kungadingeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
• I-Goiter: I-thyroid yakho iyindlala etholakala entanyeni yakho ngaphansi nje kwe-apula lika-Adam. Isimo esandisa usayizi wegilo lakho sibizwa ngokuthi yi-goiter. Funda kabanzi ngezimbangela nezimpawu ze-goiter.
• Ukuqothuka kwesisu: I-Esophagitis ukuvuvukala komphimbo okungabangelwa yi-acid reflux noma imithi ethile. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ze-esophagitis kanye nokwelashwa kwazo.
• Umdlavuza we-Esophageal: Umdlavuza we-Esophageal wenzeka lapho isimila esibuhlungu (somdlavuza) sakha ulwelwesi lwe-esophagus, olungadala ubunzima bokugwinya. Funda kabanzi ngomdlavuza we-esophageal, izimbangela zawo, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokwelashwa.
• Umdlavuza wesisu (gasten adenocarcinoma): Umdlavuza wesisu uvela lapho amangqamuzana anomdlavuza akha ulwelwesi esiswini. Ngoba kunzima ukukuthola, imvamisa akutholakali kuze kube yilapho sekuthuthuke kakhulu. Funda ngezimpawu, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, nokubikezela umdlavuza wesisu.
• I-Herpes esophagitis: I-Herpes esophagitis ibangelwa yi-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Ukutheleleka kungadala ubuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokugwinya. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-herpes esophagitis itholakala kanjani futhi yelashwa kanjani.
• I-herpes simplex labialis ephindaphindiwe: I-herpes simplex labialis evamile, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-herpes yomlomo noma i-orolabial, ukutheleleka komlomo okubangelwa igciwane le-herpes simplex. Funda ngezimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela lesi sifo.
• Indlala yegilo: I-nodule ye-thyroid iyisigaxa esingakhula ku-gland yakho yegilo. Ingaqina noma igcwale uketshezi. Ungaba ne-nodule eyodwa noma iqoqo lamaqhuqhuva. Funda ukuthi yini ebangela amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid nokuthi aphathwa kanjani.
• I-mononucleosis ethathelwanayo: I-mononucleosis ethathelwanayo, noma i-mono, isho iqembu lezimpawu ezivame ukubangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV). Funda ngezimpawu nokwelashwa kwe-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo.
• Inyoka iyaluma: Ukulunywa yinyoka enobuthi kufanele njalo kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Ngisho nokulunywa yinyoka engenabungozi kungaholela ekusabekeni komzimba noma ekutheleleni. Funda kabanzi ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ulunywa yinyoka.

Izinhlobo ze-dysphagia

Ukugwinya kwenzeka ngezigaba ezine: ukulungiselela ngomlomo, ngomlomo, ngepharyngeal, nangesophageal. Ubunzima bokugwinya bungahlukaniswa bube yizigaba ezimbili: i-oropharyngeal (efaka izigaba ezintathu zokuqala) ne-esophageal.

I-Oropharyngeal

I-Oropharyngeal dysphagia ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa nemisipha esemphinjeni. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenza izicubu zibe buthakathaka, kwenze kube nzima ngomuntu ukuthi agwinye ngaphandle kokuklinyeka noma avale umlomo. Izimbangela ze-oropharyngeal dysphagia yizimo ezithinta kakhulu uhlelo lwezinzwa njenge:

• i-multiple sclerosis
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• ukulimala kwemizwa kusuka ekuhlinzweni noma ekwelashweni ngemisebe
• i-post-polio syndrome

I-Oropharyngeal dysphagia nayo ingabangelwa umdlavuza wokuqopha nomdlavuza wekhanda noma wentamo. Kungabangelwa ukuvinjelwa emiphakathini ephezulu, umphimbo, noma amaphakethe wepharyngeal aqoqa ukudla.

Ukuqunjelwa

I-Esophageal dysphagia umuzwa wokuthi okuthile kubhajwe emphinjeni wakho. Lesi simo sidalwa:

• ama-spasms endaweni engezansi, njenge-spasms yokwanda noma ukungakwazi kwe-esophageal sphincter ukuphumula
• ukuqina engxenyeni engezansi ngenxa yokuncipha kokungena kwendandatho yokuqina
• ukuncipha komphimbo ekukhuleni noma ekulimaleni
• izidumbu zangaphandle ezifakwe emphinjeni noma emphinjeni
• ukuvuvukala noma ukunciphisa isisu ekuvukeleni noma ku-GERD
• izicubu ezibomvu emphinjeni ngenxa yokuvuvukala okungapheli noma ukwelashwa ngemuva kwemisebe

Ukukhomba i-dysphagia

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-dysphagia, kunezimpawu ezithile ezingaba khona kanye nobunzima bokuzigwinya.

Kubandakanya:

• ukumunca amathe
• izwi elihoshozelayo
• ukuzwa ukuthi kukhona okufakwe emphinjeni
• ukuvuselelwa
• ukwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile
• isilungulela
• ukukhwehlela noma ukuklinya lapho ugwinya
• ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya

• ubunzima bokuhlafuna ukudla okuqinile

Le mizwa ingadala ukuthi umuntu agweme ukudla, ukweqa ukudla, noma alahlekelwe isifiso sokudla.

Izingane ezinenkinga yokugwinya lapho zidla zinga:

• wenqaba ukudla ukudla okuthile
• babe nokudla noma uketshezi oluvuza emlonyeni wabo
• phinda uvuselele ngesikhathi sokudla
• unenkinga yokuphefumula lapho udla
• ukunciphisa isisindo ngaphandle kokuzama

Ngabe kutholakala kanjani ubunzima bokugwinya?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuke emgodini wakho womlomo ukuze ahlole okungahambi kahle noma ukuvuvukala.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okungaphezulu kungadingeka ukuthola imbangela ngqo.

I-Xarium ye-Barium

I-X-ray ye-barium ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomphimbo ngokungajwayelekile noma ukuvimba. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, uzogwinya uketshezi noma iphilisi eliqukethe udayi ovela kwi-X-ray esiswini. Udokotela uzobheka isithombe se-X-ray njengoba ugwinya uketshezi noma iphilisi ukuze ubone ukuthi isopha sisebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba noma ibuphi ubuthakathaka noma ukungajwayelekile.

Ukuhlolwa kokugwinya kwe-videofluorscopic ukuhlolwa kwe-radiologic okusebenzisa uhlobo lwe-X-ray olubizwa nge-fluoroscopy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo okhuluma ulimi. Kukhombisa izigaba zomgwinyo zomlomo, ze-pharyngeal, ne-esophageal. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, uzogwinya ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kusuka kuma-purees kuya kuma-solid kanye noketshezi oluncane futhi olujiyile. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela ukuthola ukungena kokudla noketshezi kudoti. Bangasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuthola ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokungasebenzi.

I-Endoscopy

I-endoscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola zonke izindawo zomzimba wakho. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uzofaka ishubhu elincane kakhulu eliguquguqukayo ngokunamathiselwe kwekhamera ezansi kwesisu sakho. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone umcabango ngokuningiliziwe.

I-Manometry

I-manometry olunye uvivinyo oluhlaselayo olungasetshenziswa ukuhlola ingaphakathi lomphimbo wakho. Ngokuqondile, lolu vivinyo luhlola ingcindezi yemisipha esemphinjeni wakho lapho ugwinya. Udokotela uzofaka ithubhu emqaleni wakho ukukala ingcindezi emisipheni yakho lapho ihlangana.

Ukwelapha ubunzima bokugwinya

Abanye ubunzima bokugwinya abunakuvinjelwa futhi ukwelashwa kwe-dysphagia kuyadingeka. Udokotela wezifo zolimi uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kokugwinya ukuthola i-dysphagia yakho. Lapho ukuhlolwa sekuphothuliwe, udokotela wezifo zezinkulumo angancoma:

• ukuguqulwa kokudla
• izivivinyo zokugwinya ze-oropharyngeal ukuqinisa imisipha
• amasu okugwinya anxephezelayo
• ukuguqulwa kwangemuva okufanele ukulandele ngenkathi udla

Kodwa-ke, uma izinkinga zokugwinya ziphikelela, zingaholela ekungondlekeni nasekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi kwabancane kakhulu nakubantu abadala asebekhulile. Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kokuphefumula kanye ne-aspiration pneumonia nakho kungenzeka. Zonke lezi zinkinga zibucayi futhi zisongela impilo futhi kufanele ziphathwe ngokuqinisekile.

Uma inkinga yakho yokugwinya ibangelwa isisu esiqinisiwe, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-esophageal dilation ingasetshenziswa ukukhulisa isisu. Phakathi nale nqubo, kufakwa ibhaluni elincane endaweni yomphimbo ukuyikhulisa. Ibhaluni bese liyasuswa.

Uma kunokukhula okungajwayelekile endaweni yomlomo, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe. Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa futhi ukususa izicubu ezibomvu.

Uma une-acid reflux noma izilonda, unganikezwa umuthi kadokotela ukuze ubaphathe futhi ukhuthazwe ukuthi ulandele ukudla kwe-reflux.

Ezimweni ezinzima, ungangeniswa esibhedlela futhi unikezwe ukudla ngepayipi lokudla. Le tube ekhethekile ingena ngqo esiswini bese idlula indawo. Ukudla okushintshiwe nakho kungadingeka kuze kube yilapho ubunzima bokugwinya buthuthuka. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi nokungondleki kahle.