I-Disautonomia: kuyini, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Yiziphi izinhlobo
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Dysautonomy, noma ukungasebenzi ngokuzimela, igama lezokwelapha elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isimo esonakalisa ukusebenza komzimba okuhlukahlukene, njengoba kubangela ushintsho ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzimele. Lolu hlelo lwakhiwa ubuchopho nezinzwa futhi lubhekele ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi komzimba njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukulawula umoya, ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwegazi.

Ku-dysautonomia, uhlelo olushintshile lwe-autonomic nervous lunikeza izimpendulo eziphikisana nalokho okulindelekile. Ukulawulwa kwempendulo "yokulwa noma ukugijima", uma kwenzeka "ukuhlaselwa", isibonelo, impendulo ejwayelekile yomzimba ukwanda kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi namandla, kepha ku-dysautonomia impendulo ayanele futhi kukhona ukwehla kwenhliziyo, ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi nokuncipha kwamandla, ukukhathala kanye nokozela.

Izimpawu ze-dysautonomia azihlali zibonakala, kepha-ke, izimpawu ezinjengesiyezi, ukuquleka, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukungakwazi ukuma, izinkinga zombono, i-vertigo ngisho nokulahleka kwememori kungavela. Ngakho-ke, njengoba lezi zimpawu zivamile kwezinye izimo, zingadidaniswa nezinye izifo.

Lolu shintsho alunazimbangela ezithile, kepha kungenzeka ngenxa yemiphumela yezifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, i-fibromyalgia, i-amyloidosis, i-porphyria, i-traumas kanye nokulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Ukuxilongwa kwe-dysautonomy kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo okwenziwa ngudokotela wezinzwa noma wenhliziyo futhi ngokuhlolwa kofuzo, ngoba alikho ikhambi, kepha ukwelashwa nemithi kungenziwa ukuqeda izimpawu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-dysautonomia zingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo, ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu futhi akwenzeki njalo ukuthi zigcinwe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo sibangela ushintsho ohlelweni lwezinzwa, singaholela ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• Isiyezi;
• Ukuquleka;
• Ukuphefumula okungazelelwe;
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
• Ukungakwazi ukuma;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Izinkinga zombono;
• Ukulahleka kwememori;
• Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwemizwa;
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni;
• Ukushaya kancane;
• Kunzima ukwenza izivivinyo zomzimba;
• Ukuzamazama okweqile.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-dysautonomia zikhonjwa kuphela ngamadivayisi athile noma izivivinyo, okungaba ukwehla kwengcindezi, ukwanda noma ukwehla kokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, izinkinga ekugcineni izinga lokushisa komzimba nokwehlisa ushukela egazini.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi simo kungenziwa ngudokotela wezinzwa noma we-cardiologist ngokuhlaziya lezi zimpawu nangokuhlolwa okuhambisanayo, okufana nokuhlolwa kofuzo okukhomba izinguquko zofuzo lomzimba.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

IDysautonomia ingavela kubantu banoma ibuphi ubudala, ubulili noma ubuhlanga, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingahle zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane, njenge-postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, ngokwesibonelo. Izimbangela zalolu shintsho azichazwanga kahle, kepha zingavela ngenxa yezinye izifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, i-amyloidosis, i-fibromyalgia, i-myeloma eminingi, i-porphyria, ukuhlukumezeka kanye nokulimala kohlelo lwemizwa oluphakathi.

Ezinye izimo zingaholela nasekubonakaleni kwe-dysautonomia, njengokusebenzisa ngokweqile utshwala nemithi ethile, njenge-anti-depressants, antihypertensives, antipsychotic noma i-antineoplastic drugs, kepha lezi zimo zivame kakhulu. Bona ezinye izifo ezingabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kweziphuzo ezidakayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo

I-Dysautonomy yisimo esidala ushintsho kuhlelo lokuzimela oluzimele futhi lungavela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: kusekelwe ekubukekeni kwezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula kanzima kanye nobuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulu kuthinta abesifazane abasebasha, abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40;
• I-syncope ye-Neurocardiogenic: uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, luholela ekubonakaleni kokuquleka okungapheli;
• I-dysautonomy yomndeni: kuyivelakancane kakhulu, kubonakala kuphela kubantu abaphuma kumaJuda angama-Ashkenazi;
• Multiple uhlelo yoma: iqukethe uhlobo olunzima kakhulu, lapho izimpawu zifana nesifo sikaParkinson futhi zivame ukuba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
• I-Autonomic dysreflexia: kuthinta kakhulu abantu abalimele umgogodla.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-dysautonomia i-autonomic diabetic neuropathy eyenzeka ngenxa yokuguqulwa okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela futhi kuthinte izinzwa ezilawula inhliziyo, okuholele ekuveleni kwezinkinga zokulawula ukushisa komzimba, i-glucose yegazi, umfutho wegazi, ukusebenza kwesinye futhi kungadala nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Thola ukuthi i-autonomic neuropathy iphathwa kanjani.

Yelashwa kanjani

I-Dysautonomy yisifo esibi futhi asinalo ikhambi, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kusekelwe ezinyathelweni ezisekelayo nasekukhululekeni kwezimpawu ezingenziwa ngezikhathi ze-physiotherapy ukuqinisa ukuhamba komzimba, imisebenzi yokwelashwa kokukhuluma, uma umuntu enenkinga yokugwinya kanye nokwelashwa ngudokotela wezengqondo ukusiza umuntu ukubhekana nalesi simo.

Kwezinye izimo, njengoba i-dysautonomia ibangela ukulahleka kwebhalansi futhi yehle nomfutho wegazi, udokotela angancoma ukuthi lowo muntu aphuze amanzi angaphezu kwamalitha amabili ngosuku, adle ukudla okunosawoti okuphezulu futhi asebenzise imishanguzo efana ne-fludrocortisone.