Ngubani onganikela ngomnkantsha?

-Delile

• Ungaba kanjani ngumnikeli
• Lapho angikwazi ukunikela ngomnkantsha
• Wenziwa kanjani umnikelo womnkantsha
• Ngabe umnikelo womnkantsha unezingozi?
• Lulama kanjani ngemuva komnikelo

Ukunikela ngomnkantsha wethambo kungenziwa yinoma yimuphi umuntu ophilile ophakathi kweminyaka eyi-18 nengama-65 ubudala, inqobo nje uma esinda ngaphezu kwama-50 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu onikelayo akumele abe nezifo ezithwalwa ngegazi njenge-AIDS, hepatitis, umalaleveva noma i-zika ngokwesibonelo, noma ezinye ezinjenge-rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis B noma C, isifo sezinso noma senhliziyo, thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala noma umlando womdlavuza isibonelo, i-leukemia.

Umnikelo womnkantsha wethambo uqukethe ukususa isampula elincane lamaseli ethanjeni le-hip noma ithambo elisenkabeni yesifuba, i-sternum, ezobe isetshenziselwa ukufakelwa umnkantsha ukwelapha izifo ezinzima ezifana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma noma i-myeloma. Qonda lapho kukhonjiswa ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.

Ungaba kanjani ngumnikeli

Ukuze ube ngumnikeli womnkantsha wamathambo, kuyadingeka ukubhalisa esikhungweni segazi esifundazweni lapho uhlala khona bese uhlela ukuqoqwa kwegazi esikhungweni ukuze kuqoqwe isampula elincane elingu-5 kuya ku-10 ml wegazi, okumele lihlaziywe futhi imiphumela efakwe ku-database ethile.

Ngemuva kwalokho, umnikeli angabizwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi amathuba okuthi isiguli sithole umnikeli womnkantsha ngaphandle komndeni aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi i-database yomnkantsha iphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. kungenzeka.

Noma nini lapho isiguli sidinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo, kuqala kuhlolwe emndenini uma kukhona umuntu ohambisanayo onganikela, futhi ezimweni lapho kungekho khona amalungu omndeni ahambisanayo lapho enye imininingwane izoseshwa kule database.

Lapho angikwazi ukunikela ngomnkantsha

Izimo ezithile ezingavimbela ukunikelwa komnkantsha wamathambo, ngezikhathi ezihluka phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 nezinyanga eziyi-12, njenge:

• Umkhuhlane ojwayelekile, umkhuhlane, uhudo, umkhuhlane, ukugabha, ukukhipha izinyo noma izifo: kuvimbela umnikelo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ezilandelayo;
• Ukukhulelwa, ukulethwa okujwayelekile, ngokuhlinzwa noma ngokuhushulwa kwesisu: kuvimbela umnikelo phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-12;
• Izivivinyo ze-Endoscopy, colonoscopy noma i-rhinoscopy: ukuvimbela umnikelo phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6;
• Izimo zobungozi zezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezifana nabalingani abaningi bezocansi noma ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokwesibonelo: ukuvimbela umnikelo izinyanga eziyi-12;
• Ukudweba umzimba, ukubhoboza noma ukutshopa noma ukwelashwa ngemesotherapy: kuvimbela umnikelo izinyanga ezine.

Lezi yizimo ezimbalwa nje ezingavimba ukunikelwa komnkantsha wamathambo, nemikhawulo iyafana ngokunikela ngegazi. Bona ukuthi awukwazi nini ukunikela ngegazi ku-Who can donate blood.

Wenziwa kanjani umnikelo womnkantsha

Ukunikelwa komnkantsha wethambo kuvame ukwenziwa ngenqubo encane yokuhlinza engalimazi, njengoba kusetshenziswa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile noma ye-epidural, lapho kunikezwa khona imijovo eminingana ethanjeni le-hip ukususa amaseli akhiqiza igazi. Le nqubo ithatha cishe imizuzu engama-90, futhi ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokungenelela, kungaba khona ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle endaweni okungathuliswa ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-analgesic.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye indlela engajwayelekile ukunikela ngomnkantsha, okwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-apheresis, lapho kusetshenziswa khona umshini ohlukanisa amangqamuzana omnkantsha adingekayo ukufakelwa kabusha egazini. Le nqubo ithatha cishe ihora elilodwa nemizuzu engama-30, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kubandakanya ukuthatha imishanguzo evuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli emnkantsheni wethambo.

Ngabe umnikelo womnkantsha unezingozi?

Ukunikela ngomnkantsha wethambo kunezingozi, ngoba kuhlale kunethuba lokwenza ukusabela ku-anesthesia noma ukusabela okuthile ngenxa yevolumu yegazi elisusiwe. Kodwa-ke, izingozi zincane futhi izinkinga ezingase zivele zingalawulwa kalula odokotela abenza le nqubo.

Lulama kanjani ngemuva komnikelo

Ngesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngokunikelwa ngomnkantsha wethambo, kungavela ezinye izimpawu ezingemnandi, njengokuqaqamba emuva noma okhalweni noma ukungakhululeki, ukukhathala ngokweqile, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukuqwasha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi noma ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, okuthi noma kuyinto ejwayelekile kungadala ukungaphatheki kahle.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zimpawu ezingathandeki zingancishiswa kalula ngokunakekelwa okulula, okufana nalokhu:

1. Gwema ukwenza imizamo futhi uzame ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinsuku ezi-3 zokuqala ngemuva komnikelo;
2. Gcina ukudla okunomsoco futhi udle njalo emahoreni amathathu uma kungenzeka;
3. Khulisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunezinto zokwelapha ezinjengobisi, iyogathi, iwolintshi nophayinaphu bese uphuza okungenani amalitha ayi-1.5 amanzi ngosuku. Bona okunye ukudla okunenzuzo ngemuva kokusebenza ekuphiliseni ukudla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokwenza umnikelo womnkantsha, akudingekile ukuthi ushintshe imikhuba yakho yansuku zonke, kufanele uvikele imizamo yomzimba kanye nokuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca umzimba ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva komnikelo. Ngokuvamile, ekupheleni kwesonto, azikho izimpawu, futhi kungenzeka ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi ukubuyela ekwenzeni yonke imisebenzi ejwayelekile yansuku zonke.