Kuyini ukugula ukulala, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Idluliselwa kanjani
• Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukugula kokulala, okwaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-African trypanosomiasis, yisifo esidalwa yi-protozoan I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense futhii-rhodesiense, idluliselwa ngokulunywa yimpukane i-tsetse, etholakala kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika.

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zivame ukuvela ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokulunywa, noma kunjalo, kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuvela futhi lokhu kuya ngohlobo lwempukane nempendulo yomzimba womuntu ku-microorganism, ngokwesibonelo.

Lapho nje kuvela izimpawu kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela ojwayelekile, ngoba ngemuva kokuthola isifo sokulala kuyadingeka ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba uma kuguquka okuningi kungabeka impilo yomuntu engcupheni, ngenxa ukulimala okubangelwa amagciwane ohlelweni lwemizwa nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zesifo sokulala ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu futhi zincike esigabeni sesifo, njenge:

• Isigaba esinqunyiwe: kulesi sigaba, kungenzeka ukuthi ubuke ama-papules abomvu esikhunjeni, bese eba sibi futhi sibe yisilonda esibuhlungu, esimnyama, esivuvukele esibizwa ngomdlavuza. Lesi sibonakaliso sivela cishe emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokulunywa yi-tsetse fly, sivame kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe futhi asivamile ukubonakala kubantu abamnyama;
• Isigaba se-hemolymphatic: ngemuva kwenyanga yokulunywa yizinambuzane, i-microorganism ifinyelela ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic nasegazini, okuholela ekuveleni kwamanzi entanyeni, ikhanda, umkhuhlane namabala abomvu asakazeka emzimbeni wonke;
• Isigaba seMeningo-encephalitic: yisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu sokugula nokulala, lapho i-protozoan ifinyelela ohlelweni oluphakathi lwezinzwa, okudala ukulimala kwengqondo okubonwa ngokuvela kokudideka kwengqondo, ukulala ngokweqile, izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasezinkinga ngokulingana komzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugula ukulala kungadala ezinye izinguquko emzimbeni, njengokuphazamiseka enhliziyweni, emathanjeni nasesibindi, futhi kungadala nezinye izinhlobo zezifo ezifana nenyumoniya, umalaleveva. Bheka okuningi ngezimpawu eziyinhloko zikamalaleveva.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokulala kwenziwa ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini amaprotheni athile, abizwa ngokuthi ama-IgM immunoglobulins, nokukhomba ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini amasosha omzimba ajikeleza egazini. Uma umuntu enesifo sokulala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kungaba nezinye izinguquko ezifana ne-anemia kanye ne-monocytosis. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuthi yini i-monocytosis.

Abantu abanesifo sokulala okusolakala ukuthi kufanele baqoqe umnkantsha kanye nesigaxa sombimbi ukuze bahlaziye, elabhorethri, ukuthi izinga leprotozoa lifinyelele kangakanani egazini nasebuchosheni futhi libuye lisebenze ukubala amaseli wokuzivikela kuketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, okuwuketshezi ijikeleza ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Idluliselwa kanjani

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokudlulisa isifo sokulala ukulunywa yimpukane i-tsetse, evela emndenini IGlossinidae. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ukutheleleka kungavela futhi ngenxa yokulunywa kolunye uhlobo lwezimpukane noma omiyane, abake baluma umuntu onegciwane le-protozoan, ngokwesibonelo.

Impukane yetsetse itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya e-Afrika, ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona uhlaza oluningi, ukushisa nomswakama omkhulu. Uma seyithelelekile, le mpukane ithwala amagciwane impilo yayo yonke, futhi ingangcolisa abantu abaningana.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile ukuvimbela i-tsetse fly bite, efana nale:

• Gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide, okungcono kombala ongathathi hlangothi, ngoba impukane idonswa yimibala egqamile;
• Gwema ukusondela ehlathini, ngoba impukane ingahlala ezihlahleni ezincane;
• Sebenzisa izinto ezixosha izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ezinye izinhlobo zezimpukane nomiyane abangadlulisa lesi sifo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kungadlulela komama kuye ezinganeni, kuvela ekulungeni ngengozi ngezinaliti ezingcolisiwe noma kwenzeke ngemuva kobudlelwano obuseduze ngaphandle kwekhondomu.

Izinketho zokwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yomuntu futhi kuncike ezingeni lokuvela kwalesi sifo, futhi uma welashwa ngaphambi kokuthinta uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa, imishanguzo esetshenziswayo ayinamandla kangako, njenge-pentamidine noma i-suramine. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo sithuthuke kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa ezinamandla ezinemiphumela emibi eminingi, njenge-melarsoprol, i-eflornithine noma i-nifurtimox, okumele inikezwe esibhedlela.

Lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kuqhutshwe kuze kube yilapho lesi silwanyana sisuswa ngokuphelele emzimbeni, ngakho-ke, igazi nolunye uketshezi lomzimba kufanele luphindwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lo gciwane ususwe ngokuphelele.Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukugcina iwashi izinyanga ezingama-24, ukubuka izimpawu nokwenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sifo asiphinde sivele.