Kuphephile Yini Ukudla Inyama Engavuthiwe?

-Delile

• Ubungozi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla
• Izitsha ezivamile zenyama eluhlaza
• Azikho izinzuzo ezifakazelwe
• Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho
• Okubalulekile

Ukudla inyama eluhlaza kungumkhuba ovamile ezindaweni eziningi zokuphekela emhlabeni jikelele.

Kodwa-ke, yize lo mkhuba usabalele, kunezinto zokuphepha okufanele uzicabangele.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza ukuphepha kokudla inyama eluhlaza.

Ubungozi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla

Lapho udla inyama eluhlaza, ingozi enkulu ongase uhlangane nayo ukungenwa ukugula okubangelwa ukudla, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubuthi bokudla.

Lokhu kubangelwa ukudla ukudla okungcoliswe amagciwane, amagciwane, izimuncagazi, noma ubuthi. Imvamisa, lokhu kungcoliswa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa uma amathumbu esilwane ehlaselwa ngengozi futhi asakaze izifo ezingaba yingozi enyameni.

Amagciwane ajwayelekile enyameni eluhlaza afaka phakathi Salmonella, I-Clostridium perfringens, E. coli, IListeria monocytogenes, futhi I-Campylobacter ().

Izimpawu zokugula okubangelwa ukudla zibandakanya isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuqunjelwa esiswini, umkhuhlane nekhanda. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela kungakapheli amahora angama-24 futhi zingahlala izinsuku ezingama-7 - noma isikhathi eside ezimweni ezithile - njengoba isikhathi sincike ku-pathogen (2).

Ngokuvamile, ukupheka kahle inyama kubulala amagciwane angaba yingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagciwane ahlala enyameni eluhlaza. Ngakho-ke, ukudla inyama eluhlaza kukhulisa kakhulu amathuba okuba nokugula okubangelwa ukudla, futhi kufanele uqhubeke ngokuqapha.

Abantu abathile abasengozini, njengezingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlengikazi, nabantu abadala asebekhulile, kufanele bagweme ukudla inyama eluhlaza ngokuphelele.

Ingozi ejwayeleke kakhulu ehlotshaniswa nokudla inyama eluhlaza ngubuthi bokudla. Kwabantu abathile abasengozini, lokhu kusho ukugwema ukudla inyama eluhlaza ngokuphelele.

Izitsha ezivamile zenyama eluhlaza

Ezinye izitsha ezivamile zenyama eluhlaza ezivela emhlabeni wonke zifaka:

• I-steak tartare: inyama yengulube eluhlaza egayiwe exutshwe neqanda leqanda, u-anyanisi nezinongo
• I-tuna tartare: i-tuna eqoshiwe engaphekiwe exutshwe namakhambi nezinongo
• ICarpaccio: isidlo esivela e-Italy esenziwe ngenkomo yenkomo noma inhlanzi eluhlaza
• I-Pittsburgh steak engavamile: i-steak eboshwe ngaphandle futhi ishiywe iluhlaza ngaphakathi, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-steak emnyama neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka"
• I-Mett: indishi yaseJalimane yengulube egayiwe engavuthiwe enongwe ngosawoti, upelepele, nogalikhi noma ukharaveni
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-sushi: isidlo saseJapan esinezingqimba eziqukethe irayisi eliphekiwe nezinhlanzi eziluhlaza ngokuvamile
• Ceviche: inhlanzi eluhlaza egayiwe yelashwa ngejusi lewolintshi kanye nokokudla
• Torisashi: isidlo samaJapane semichilo yenkukhu ezacile siphekwe kafushane ngaphandle futhi siluhlaza ngaphakathi

Lezi zitsha zitholakala kumamenyu amaningi okudlela, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ziphephile.

Imvamisa, izitsha zenyama eluhlaza zingaba nesitatimende esincane esithi, “Ukudla inyama eluhlaza, inyama yenkukhu, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, imbaza, noma amaqanda kungandisa ubungozi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla.”

Lokhu kuxwayisa abadlayo ukuthi kunezingozi ezihambisana nokudla inyama eluhlaza nokuthi kungenzeka kungaphephi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitsha zenyama eluhlaza nazo zingalungiswa ekhaya, noma ngabe ukuthola inyama kahle kubalulekile.

Isibonelo, thenga inhlanzi yakho entsha kumthengisi wasendaweni osebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuphepha kokudla, noma uthenge inyama yenkomo esezingeni eliphakeme ebhusha lakho langakini futhi bakugayele yona ngqo.

Le mikhuba ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa nokugula okubangelwa ukudla.

Izitsha zenyama eluhlaza zitholakala kumamenyu okudlela emhlabeni wonke, yize lokhu kungaqinisekisi ukuphepha kwazo. Zingalungiswa nasekhaya, noma ngabe umthombo wenyama kufanele uphenywe kahle.

Azikho izinzuzo ezifakazelwe

Yize abanye bethi inyama eluhlaza ingaphezu kwenyama ephekiwe maqondana nenani lokudla okunempilo kanye nempilo, kunobufakazi obulinganiselwe bokusekela lo mbono.

Izazi eziningana ze-anthropologists zithuthukisa umbono wokuthi umkhuba wokupheka ukudla, ikakhulukazi inyama, uvumele abantu ukuba baguquke, njengoba ukupheka kudiliza amaprotheni futhi kwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokugaya (, 4,,).

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukupheka inyama kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwayo ngamavithamini namaminerali athile, kufaka phakathi i-thiamine, i-riboflavin, i-niacin, i-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium ne-phosphorus (, 7).

Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo zibuye ziqaphele ukuthi amazinga amanye amaminerali, ikakhulukazi ithusi, i-zinc nensimbi, ayenyuka ngemuva kokupheka (, 7).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukupheka kwehlisa insimbi enyameni ethile. Ekugcineni, kudingeka izifundo eziningi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ukupheka kulithinta kanjani inani lokudla okunomsoco wenyama (8).

Noma iziphi izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokudla inyama engaphekiwe cishe zingaphezu kwengozi ephezulu yokuthola ukugula okubangelwa ukudla. Noma kunjalo, idatha eningi iyadingeka ukusungula umehluko okhethekile wokudla okunempilo phakathi kwenyama eluhlaza nephekiwe.

Imininingwane ngomehluko wokudla okunempilo phakathi kwenyama eluhlaza nephekiwe inomkhawulo, futhi azikho izinzuzo eziphawuleka ngokudla inyama eluhlaza kunenyama ephekiwe.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yakho

Ngenkathi ukudla inyama eluhlaza kungaqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuphephile, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokunciphisa ubungozi bokugula.

Lapho uzitika ngenyama eluhlaza, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukukhetha ucezu lonke lwenyama, njenge-steak noma inyama egayiwe ngaphakathi endlini, ngokungafani nenyama egayiwe esephekiwe.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyama yenkomo esandulelwe ukugaya ingaqukatha inyama evela ezinkomeni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, ikhulisa kakhulu ubungozi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-steak ivela enkomeni eyodwa nje. Futhi, indawo engaphezulu yokungcola incane kakhulu.

Umqondo ofanayo usebenza nakwezinye izinhlobo zenyama, njengenhlanzi, inkukhu nengulube. Ekugcineni, ukudla noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenyama engavuthiwe kuyingozi kakhulu kunokudla inyama engavuthiwe noma ucezu lwenyama lonke.

Ukukhetha inhlanzi eluhlaza kungenye indlela yokunciphisa ubungozi bakho. Izinhlanzi ezingavuthiwe zivame ukuphepha kunezinye izinhlobo zenyama eluhlaza, njengoba kuvame ukuba yiqhwa ngemuva nje kokubanjwa - umkhuba obulala amagciwane amaningi ayingozi (, 10).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkukhu iyingozi kakhulu ukuyidla iluhlaza.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye inyama, inkukhu ivame ukuba namagciwane ayingozi afana nalawa Salmonella. Ibuye ibe nesakhiwo esinezimbotshana, esivumela amagciwane ukuthi angene ajule enyameni. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuvala ingaphezulu lenkukhu eluhlaza akuveli ukubulala wonke amagciwane (,).

Okokugcina, ubungozi bokugula okubangelwa ukudla kungagwenywa ngokuphelele ngokupheka inyama yengulube, inyama yenkomo nenhlanzi ezingeni lokushisa langaphakathi eliphansi lika-145ºF (63ºC), inyama ephansi eya ku-160ºF (71ºC), nezinkukhu okungenani ku-165ºF (74ºC) (13) .

Ngenkathi ukudla inyama eluhlaza kuza nezingozi, kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha ukukhulisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokugwema ukugula okubangelwa ukudla.

Okubalulekile

Izitsha zenyama eluhlaza zivamile kumamenyu okudlela emhlabeni wonke, yize lokhu akusho ukuthi ziphephile.

Ingozi enkulu ehambisana nokudla inyama eluhlaza ukuthuthukisa ukugula okubangelwa ukudla okubangelwa ukungcoliswa yizifo eziyingozi.

Kunezindlela ezithile zokwehlisa le ngozi lapho udla inyama eluhlaza, yize ukugwema ingozi ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukupheka inyama ekushiseni kwangaphakathi okufanele.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu, njengezingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abahlengikazi, nabantu abadala asebekhulile, kufanele bagweme ukudla inyama eluhlaza ngokuphelele.