Izinhlobo, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokungabaza okuvamile

-Delile

• Imiphumela emibi enkulu
• Kwenziwa kanjani i-chemotherapy
• Umehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali amhlophe nabomvu
• Chemotherapy Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
• 1. Hlobo luni lwe-chemotherapy engizoba nalo?
• 2. Ngabe izinwele zami zizohlala ziqothuka njalo?
• 3. Ngabe ngizobuzwa ubuhlungu?
• 4. Ingabe ukudla engikudlayo kuzoshintsha?
• 5. Ngabe ngizokwazi ukugcina impilo esondelene?

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelashwa esebenzisa imithi ekwaziyo ukuqeda noma ukuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi, engathathwa ngomlomo noma ngomjovo, ihanjiswa ngokuhamba kwegazi liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba futhi igcina ingafinyeleli kumaseli womdlavuza kuphela, kepha futhi namaseli anempilo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi lawo aphindaphindeka kaningi, njengalawo umgudu wokugaya ukudla, izinwele zezinwele negazi.

Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ukuthi imiphumela emibi ivele kubantu abathola lolu hlobo lokwelashwa, njengokucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlanza, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ubuthakathaka, i-anemia, ukuqunjelwa, uhudo noma ukulimala emlonyeni, ngokwesibonelo, okuvame ukuhlala izinsuku, amasonto noma izinyanga. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke i-chemotherapies efanayo, enezinhlobonhlobo zemithi esetshenzisiwe, engadala imiphumela emibi noma emincane emzimbeni.

Uhlobo lomuthi luthathwa yisazi se-oncologist, ngemuva kokuhlola uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sesifo kanye nezimo zomtholampilo zomuntu ngamunye, futhi ezinye izibonelo zifaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezinjengeCyclophosphamide, iDocetaxel noma iDoxorubicin, abaningi abangayazi njenge-chemotherapy emhlophe noma i-chemotherapy ebomvu, isibonelo, futhi esizochaza ngayo ngezansi.

Imiphumela emibi enkulu

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali incike ohlotsheni lwemithi, umthamo osetshenzisiwe kanye nempendulo yomzimba womuntu ngamunye, futhi ezimweni eziningi ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, inyamalale lapho umjikelezo wokwelashwa uphela. Eminye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu ifaka phakathi:

• Ukulahleka kwezinwele nezinye izinwele zomzimba;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Isiyezi nobuthakathaka;
• Ukuqunjelwa noma uhudo kanye negesi eyeqile;
• Ukuntula ukudla;
• Izilonda zomlomo;
• Izinguquko esikhathini;
• Izipikili eziphukile nezimnyama;
• Amachashazi noma izinguquko kumbala wesikhumba;
• Ukopha;
• Izifo eziphindaphindiwe;
• Ukushoda kwegazi;
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sobulili;
• Ukukhathazeka nokushintsha kwemizwelo, njengokudabuka, ukuncipha komzimba nokucasuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, engahlala izinyanga, iminyaka noma ihlale unomphela, njengokushintsha kwezitho zokuzala, izinguquko enhliziyweni, emaphashini, esibindini nasezinhlelweni zemizwa, ngokwesibonelo, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi imiphumela emibi ayivezwa ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke iziguli.

Kwenziwa kanjani i-chemotherapy

Ukwenza i-chemotherapy kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zezidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe, kungaba kuthebhulethi, ngomlomo, noma ngemijovo, okungaba ngomthambo, ngaphakathi, ngaphansi kwesikhumba nangaphakathi komgogodla, isibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza imithamo isebenze kahle emthanjeni, kungafakwa ipayipi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-intracath, elifakwa esikhunjeni futhi livimbele ukulunywa okuphindwayo.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemithi yokwelashwa komdlavuza, amanani angaba nsuku zonke, masonto onke noma njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu, ngokwesibonelo. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemijikelezo, okuvame ukuhlala amasonto ambalwa, kulandelwe isikhathi sokuphumula ukuvumela umzimba ukuthi ululame futhi wenze okunye ukuhlola.

Umehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali amhlophe nabomvu

Ngokuvamile, abanye abantu bakhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwamakhemikhali amhlophe nabomvu, ngokombala wesidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwehluka akwanele, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, engenakunqunywa ngombala wodwa.

Ngokuvamile, njengesibonelo se-chemotherapy emhlophe, kuneqembu lamakhambi okuthiwa amatekisi, njengePaclitaxel noma i-Docetaxel, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza webele noma wamaphaphu, futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala njengomphumela ohlangothini ojwayelekile ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nokwehla kwamaseli omzimba okuvikela.

Njengesibonelo se-chemotherapy ebomvu, singasho iqembu le-Anthracyclines, njenge-Doxorubicin ne-Epirubicin, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, njenge-acute leukemias, umdlavuza webele, ama-ovari, izinso ne-thyroid, isibonelo, kanti eminye imiphumela engemihle ebangelwe yisicanucanu, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nokuba nobuthi enhliziyweni.

Chemotherapy Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo

Ukutholakala kwe-chemotherapy kungaletha ukungabaza okuningi nokungavikeleki. Sizama ukucacisa, lapha, okunye okuvame kakhulu:

1. Hlobo luni lwe-chemotherapy engizoba nalo?

Kunezinqubomgomo eziningi noma ama-chemotherapy regimens, anqunywe yi-oncologist ngohlobo lomdlavuza, ubucayi noma isigaba sesifo kanye nezimo zomtholampilo zomuntu ngamunye. Kukhona izikimu ezinamasonto onke, masonto onke noma njalo emavikini ama-2 noma ama-3, okwenziwa ngemijikelezo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingahlanganiswa ne-chemotherapy, njengokuhlinzwa kokukhishwa kwesimila, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, izinqubo ezisebenzisa imisebe ekhishwa yidivayisi ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ubukhulu besimila.

Ngakho-ke, i-chemotherapy nayo ingahlukaniswa phakathi:

• Ukuphulukisa, lapho kukodwa kukwazi ukwelapha umdlavuza;
• I-Adjuvant noma i-Neoadjuvant, uma yenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila noma i-radiotherapy, njengendlela yokugcwalisa ukwelashwa nokufuna ukuqeda isimila ngempumelelo;
• I-Palliative, lapho ingenayo injongo yokwelapha, kepha isebenza njengendlela yokwelula impilo noma yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu onomdlavuza.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi bonke abantu abelashelwa umdlavuza, kubandakanya nalabo abangeke besakwazi ukuthola ikhambi, bafanelwe ukwelashwa ukuze babe nempilo ehloniphekile, ebandakanya ukulawula izimpawu zomzimba, ezengqondo nezenhlalo, ukwengeza kwezinye izenzo. Lokhu kwelashwa okubaluleke kakhulu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-palliative care, funda kabanzi ngakho kulokho okunakekelwa kokuthambisa nokuthi ngubani okufanele akuthole.

2. Ngabe izinwele zami zizohlala ziqothuka njalo?

Ngeke kuhlale kukhona ukulahleka kwezinwele nokulahleka kwezinwele, njengoba kuya ngohlobo lwe-chemotherapy esetshenzisiwe, kepha-ke, kungumphumela ojwayelekile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukulahleka kwezinwele kwenzeka cishe emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokuqala kokwelashwa, futhi kuvame ukwenzeka kancane kancane noma ngamalokhi.

Kungenzeka ukunciphisa lo mphumela ngokusebenzisa ikepisi elishisayo ukupholisa ukhakhayi, ngoba le ndlela inganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya kuzinwele zezinwele, kunciphise ukutholwa kwemithi kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlale kunokwenzeka ukugqoka isigqoko, isikhafu noma iwigi esiza ukunqoba ukuphazamiseka kokuba nempandla.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi izinwele ziyabuya emuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

3. Ngabe ngizobuzwa ubuhlungu?

I-Chemotherapy uqobo ayibangeli ubuhlungu, ngaphandle kokungaphatheki kahle okubangelwa ukuluma noma umuzwa ovuthayo lapho ufaka umkhiqizo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukushiswa akufanele kwenzeke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela noma umhlengikazi uma lokhu kwenzeka.

4. Ingabe ukudla engikudlayo kuzoshintsha?

Kunconywa ukuthi isiguli eselashwa ngamakhemikhali sikhethe ukudla okunothelo lwezithelo, imifino, inyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda, imbewu nezinhlamvu ezigcwele, okuncamela ukudla kwemvelo kunokudla okunezimboni nokwemvelo, njengoba kungenazo izithasiselo zamakhemikhali.

Imifino kufanele igezwe kahle futhi ibulawe amagciwane, futhi ezimweni ezithile lapho ukwehla okweqile kokuzivikela komzimba lapho udokotela ezokwazi ukuncoma ukuthi angadli ukudla okuluhlaza okwesikhashana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukudla okunamafutha noshukela ngokushesha ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokwelashwa, ngoba isicanucanu nokuhlanza kuyenzeka kaningi, futhi ukunciphisa lezi zimpawu udokotela angancoma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, njengeMetoclopramide. Bona amanye amathiphu ngokudla ongakudla ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

5. Ngabe ngizokwazi ukugcina impilo esondelene?

Kungenzeka ukuthi kube nezinguquko empilweni esondelene, njengoba kungahle kube nokuncipha kwesifiso sobulili nokuncipha kwesimo, kepha akukho ukuphikisana kokuxhumana okusondelene.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukusetshenziswa kwamakhondomu ukugwema hhayi kuphela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ngalesi sikhathi, kepha ikakhulukazi ukugwema ukukhulelwa, ngoba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungadala ushintsho ekukhuleni kwengane.