Konke Mayelana Ne-Electrolyte Disorders

-Delile

• Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• I-calcium
• I-chloride
• Magnesium
• I-Phosphate
• Potassium
• Sodium
• Ukuhlonza ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Uketshezi olufakwa ngaphakathi (IV)
• Imithi ethile ye-IV
• Imithi yomlomo nezengezo
• Ukuhlolwa kweHemodialysis
• Izici ezinobungozi bokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte
• Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ama-electrolyte ayizakhi nezinhlanganisela ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni. Zilawula imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-physiologic.

Izibonelo zama-electrolyte zifaka:

• i-calcium
• i-chloride
• i-magnesium
• i-phosphate
• i-potassium
• i-sodium

Lezi zinto zikhona egazini lakho, uketshezi lomzimba, nomchamo. Ziphuzwa nokudla, iziphuzo, nezithako.

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kwenzeka lapho amazinga ama-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho ephakeme kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu. Ama-electrolyte adinga ukugcinwa ngokulingana ukuze umzimba wakho usebenze kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinhlelo zomzimba ezibalulekile zingathinteka.

Ukungalingani okukhulu kwe-electrolyte kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ezinjengokuquleka, ukuquleka nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Izinhlobo eziphansi zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kungenzeka zingabangeli zimpawu. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kungatholakali kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ukuvela uma ukugula okuthile kuba kubi kakhulu.

Akukhona konke ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okubangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kepha abaningi babelana ngezimpawu ezifanayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile zesifo se-electrolyte zifaka:

• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukukhathala
• ukukhathala
• ukudlikizela noma ukuquleka
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa
• ukuqunjelwa esiswini
• ukuqunjelwa kwemisipha
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• ukucasuka
• ukudideka
• ikhanda
• ukuba ndikindiki nokushosheka

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nenye yalezi zimpawu futhi usola ukuthi ungahle ube nenkinga ye-electrolyte. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electrolyte kungasongela impilo uma kushiywe kungalashwa.

Izimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Izinkinga ze-Electrolyte zivame ukubangelwa ukulahlekelwa uketshezi lomzimba ngokuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo noma ukujuluka. Zingakhula futhi ngenxa yokulahleka koketshezi okuhlobene nokusha.

Imithi ethile ingadala ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte. Kwezinye izimo, izifo eziyimbangela, njengesifo esibi noma esingapheliyo sezinso, yizo ezisolwa.

Isizathu esiqondile singahluka ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile lwesifo se-electrolyte.

Izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Amaleveli aphakeme we-electrolyte akhonjiswa nesiqalo esithi “hyper-.” Amazinga aphelile we-electrolyte akhonjiswa nge- "hypo-."

Izimo ezibangelwa ukungalingani kwezinga le-electrolyte zifaka:

• i-calcium: i-hypercalcemia ne-hypocalcemia
• i-chloride: i-hyperchloremia ne-hypochloremia
• i-magnesium: i-hypermagnesemia ne-hypomagnesemia
• i-phosphate: i-hyperphosphatemia noma i-hypophosphatemia
• i-potassium: i-hyperkalemia ne-hypokalemia
• i-sodium: i-hypernatremia ne-hyponatremia

I-calcium

I-calcium yiminerali ebalulekile umzimba wakho oyisebenzisayo ukuzinzisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi nokulawula ukusikwa kwemisipha. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwakha amathambo namazinyo aqinile.

I-Hypercalcemia yenzeka uma une-calcium eningi egazini. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa:

• isifo sezinso
• ukuphazamiseka kwegilo, kufaka phakathi i-hyperparathyroidism
• izifo zamaphaphu, njengesifo sofuba noma i-sarcoidosis
• izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza wamaphaphu nowebele
• ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antacids ne-calcium noma i-vitamin D
• imithi efana ne-lithium, i-theophylline, noma amaphilisi athile wamanzi

I-Hypocalcemia yenzeka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-calcium eyanele egazini. Izimbangela zingafaka:

• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• hypoparathyroidism
• ukushoda kukavithamini D
• isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga
• umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa
• malabsorption
• imishanguzo ethile, kubandakanya i-heparin, izidakamizwa ze-osteoporosis, kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic

I-chloride

I-chloride iyadingeka ekugcineni ibhalansi elifanele loketshezi lomzimba.

I-Hyperchloremia yenzeka lapho kune-chloride eningi kakhulu emzimbeni. Kungenzeka ngenxa yalokhu:

• ukoma okukhulu emzimbeni
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• dialysis

I-Hypochloremia iba lapho kune-chloride encane kakhulu emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa izinkinga ze-sodium noma i-potassium.

Ezinye izimbangela zingabandakanya:

• i-cystic fibrosis
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla, njenge-anorexia nervosa
• ufezela uyaluma
• ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso

Magnesium

I-Magnesium iyiminerali ebucayi elawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile, efana nale:

• ukusikwa kwemisipha
• isigqi senhliziyo
• umsebenzi wezinzwa

I-Hypermagnesemia isho inani elingaphezulu kwe-magnesium. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu abantu abanesifo i-Addison nesifo sezinso sokugcina.

I-Hypomagnesemia isho ukuba ne-magnesium encane kakhulu emzimbeni. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala
• ukungondleki
• malabsorption
• uhudo olungamahlalakhona
• ukujuluka okweqile
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• imishanguzo ethile, kufaka phakathi ezinye isisu kanye namagciwane

I-Phosphate

Izinso, amathambo, namathumbu kusebenza ukulinganisa amazinga e-phosphate emzimbeni. I-Phosphate iyadingeka emisebenzini eyahlukahlukene futhi ixhumana eduze ne-calcium.

I-Hyperphosphatemia ingenzeka ngenxa ye:

• amazinga we-calcium aphansi
• isifo esingapheliyo sezinso
• ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
• izindlala ze-parathyroid ezingasebenzi
• ukulimala kanzima kwemisipha
• i-tumor lysis syndrome, inkinga yokwelashwa komdlavuza
• ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-laxatives aqukethe i-phosphate

Amazinga aphansi e-phosphate, noma i-hypophosphatemia, angabonakala ku:

• ukuphuza ngokweqile
• ukusha okukhulu
• indlala
• ukushoda kukavithamini D
• izindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile
• imishanguzo ethile, efana ne-intravenous (IV) treatment iron, i-niacin (i-Niacor, i-Niaspan), namanye ama-antiacids

Potassium

I-Potassium ibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina izinzwa nemisipha enempilo.

I-Hyperkalemia ingahle ikhule ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu we-potassium. Lesi simo singabulala uma sishiywa singatholakalanga futhi singelashwa. Kuvamise ukwenziwa yi:

• ukoma okukhulu emzimbeni
• ukwehluleka kwezinso
• i-acidosis enamandla, kufaka phakathi i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela
• imishanguzo ethile, kufaka phakathi eminye imithi yengcindezi yegazi kanye nezidakamizwa
• ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-adrenal, okuyilapho amazinga akho e-cortisol ephansi kakhulu

I-Hypokalemia yenzeka lapho amazinga e-potassium ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka njengomphumela we:

• ukuphazamiseka kokudla
• ukuhlanza okukhulu noma isifo sohudo
• ukoma komzimba
• imishanguzo ethile, efaka laxatives, isisu, kanye ne-corticosteroids

Sodium

I-Sodium iyadingeka emzimbeni ukugcina ibhalansi yamanzi futhi ibalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba okujwayelekile. Kuyasiza futhi ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinzwa nokusikwa kwemisipha.

I-Hypernatremia yenzeka lapho kune-sodium eningi egazini. Izinga eliphakeme ngokungajwayelekile le-sodium lingabangelwa:

• ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunganele
• ukoma okukhulu emzimbeni
• ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile koketshezi lomzimba ngenxa yokuhlanza isikhathi eside, isifo sohudo, ukujuluka, noma ukugula okuphefumula
• imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi i-corticosteroids

I-Hyponatremia ikhula lapho kune-sodium encane kakhulu. Izimbangela ezivamile zamazinga aphansi e-sodium afaka:

• ukulahlekelwa oketshezi ngokweqile esikhunjeni ngenxa yokujuluka noma ukusha
• ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo
• ukungondleki kahle
• ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala
• ukweqisa emzimbeni
• izifo ze-thyroid, hypothalamic, noma i-adrenal
• ukwehluleka kwesibindi, inhliziyo, noma izinso
• imishanguzo ethile, kufaka phakathi imishanguzo yokwelapha isisu nemithi yokuquleka
• i-syndrome yemfihlo engafanele ye-antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Ukuhlonza ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungalinganisa amazinga ama-electrolyte emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kubalulekile futhi.

Udokotela wakho angafuna ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma oda izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuphazamiseka okusolwayo kwe-electrolyte. Lezi zivivinyo ezengeziwe zizohluka ngokuya ngesimo okukhulunywa ngaso.

Isibonelo, i-hypernatremia (i-sodium eningi kakhulu) ingadala ukulahleka kokuqina esikhunjeni ngenxa yokwehla komzimba okuphawulekayo. Udokotela wakho angakwenza ukuhlolwa kwengcosana ukuthola ukuthi ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuyakuthinta yini.

Bangabuye bahlole ukucabanga kwakho, njengoba womabili amazinga anyukile futhi aphelile amanye ama-electrolyte angathinta ukucabanga.

I-electrocardiogram (ECG noma i-EKG), ukulandelwa kukagesi kwenhliziyo yakho, kungasiza futhi ukubheka noma yikuphi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungafani, isigqi, noma i-ECG noma i-EKG izinguquko ezilethwa yizinkinga ze-electrolyte.

Ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Ukwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-electrolyte disorder nasesimweni esiyimbangela yalokhu.

Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezithile zokwelapha zisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ibhalansi efanele yamaminerali emzimbeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

Uketshezi olufakwa ngaphakathi (IV)

Uketshezi olufakwa ngaphakathi (IV), imvamisa i-sodium chloride, lungasiza ukuvuselela umzimba emzimbeni. Le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimeni zokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni okubangelwa ukuphalaza noma isifo sohudo. Izengezo ze-Electrolyte zingangezwa kuketshezi lwe-IV ukulungisa amaphutha.

Imithi ethile ye-IV

Imithi ye-IV ingasiza umzimba wakho ukubuyisa ibhalansi ye-electrolyte ngokushesha. Futhi zingakuvikela emiphumeleni emibi ngenkathi uphathwa ngenye indlela.

Imithi oyitholayo izoncika ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electrolyte onayo. Imithi engaphathwa ifaka phakathi i-calcium gluconate, i-magnesium chloride, ne-potassium chloride.

Imithi yomlomo nezengezo

Imithi yomlomo nezengezo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukungajwayelekile kwamaminerali emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu uma ngabe utholwe unesifo sezinso esiqhubekayo.

Ngokuya ngesifo sakho se-electrolyte, ungathola imishanguzo noma izithasiselo ezinjenge:

• i-calcium (i-gluconate, i-carbonate, i-citrate, noma i-lactate
• i-magnesium oxide
• i-potassium chloride
• ama-phosphate binders, afaka i-sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), i-lanthanum (i-Fosrenol), kanye nemithi yokwelapha esekwe nge-calcium efana ne-calcium carbonate

Bangasiza ukufaka ama-electrolyte asephelile esikhathini esifushane noma sesikhathi eside, ngokuya ngesizathu esiyimbangela sokuphazamiseka kwakho. Lapho ukungalingani sekulungisiwe, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha imbangela eyimbangela.

Yize ezinye izithasiselo zingathengwa ngaphezulu kwekhawunta, abantu abaningi abanezinkinga ze-electrolyte bathola incwadi kadokotela yezithako ezivela kudokotela wabo.

Ukuhlolwa kweHemodialysis

IHemodialysis wuhlobo lwe-dialysis olusebenzisa umshini ukukhipha imfucuza egazini lakho.

Enye indlela yokwenza igazi ligeleze kule nso yokufakelwa ukuthi udokotela wakho ahlinzeke ngokuhlinzekela ukufinyelela kwemithambo yegazi, noma indawo yokungena, emithanjeni yakho yegazi.

Indawo yokungena izovumela inani elikhulu legazi ukuba ligeleze emzimbeni wakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-hemodialysis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi eliningi lingahlungwa futhi lihlanzwe.

I-Hemodialysis ingasetshenziswa lapho ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kubangelwa ukulimala okungazelelwe kwezinso nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasebenzi. Udokotela wakho anganquma futhi ngokwelashwa kwe-hemodialysis uma inkinga ye-electrolyte isisongela impilo.

Izici ezinobungozi bokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Noma ngubani angaba nesifo se-electrolyte. Abantu abathile basengozini enkulu ngenxa yomlando wabo wezokwelapha. Izimo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo se-electrolyte zifaka:

• ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala
• ukuqina kwesibindi
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• isifo sezinso
• ukuphazamiseka kokudla, njenge-anorexia ne-bulimia
• ukuhlukumezeka, njengokusha okukhulu noma amathambo aphukile
• iziyaluyalu
• ukuphazamiseka kwezindlala ze-adrenal

Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte

Landela lesi seluleko ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte:

• hlala unamanzi uma uhlangabezana nokuhlanza isikhathi eside, uhudo, noma ukujuluka
• vakashela udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezivamile zesifo se-electrolyte

Uma ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte kubangelwa yimithi noma izimo ezingaphansi, udokotela wakho uzolungisa imithi yakho bese elapha imbangela. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte okuzayo.