Ama-Neurotransmitters ajabulisayo

-Delile

• Ama-Neurotransmitters
• Ngabe ama-neurotransmitters asebenza kanjani?
• Yini eyenziwa ngama-neurotransmitters
• Ama-neurotransmitter ajabulisayo
• I-Acetylcholine
• I-Epinephrine
• I-Glutamate
• Umlando
• UDopamine
• Amanye ama-neurotransmitters
• I-Norepinephrine
• I-Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• I-Serotonin
• Ukuphazamiseka okuxhunyaniswe nama-neurotransmitters
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ama-Neurotransmitters

Ama-Neurotransmitters adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwe-neural. Bayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neuron) namanye amaseli emzimbeni wakho, okuthonya yonke into kusuka esimweni sengqondo kuya ekunyakazeni okungazibandakanyi. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi yi-neurotransmission noma i-synaptic transmission.

Ngokuqondile, ama-neurotransmitters ajabulisayo anemiphumela ejabulisayo kwi-neuron. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bakhulisa amathuba okuthi i-neuron izokhipha isignali ebizwa ngokuthi isenzo esingaba khona ku-neuron etholayo.

Ama-Neurotransmitters angenza ngezindlela ezilindelekile, kepha angathinteka yizidakamizwa, izifo kanye nokuxhumana nezinye izithunywa zamakhemikhali.

Ngabe ama-neurotransmitters asebenza kanjani?

Ukuthumela imiyalezo kuwo wonke umzimba, ama-neurons adinga ukudlulisa amasiginali ukuze axhumane. Kepha akukho ukuxhumana okungokomzimba komunye nomunye, igebe elincane kuphela. Lokhu kuhlangana phakathi kwamaseli amabili ezinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-synapse.

Ukuxhumana neseli elilandelayo, i-neuron ithumela isignali kuyo yonke i-synapse ngokusabalalisa kwe-neurotransmitter.

Yini eyenziwa ngama-neurotransmitters

Ama-Neurotransmitters athinta ama-neuron ngenye yezindlela ezintathu: angaba yisasasa, avimbele noma abe modulatory. Isidlulisi esivusa amadlingozi senza isignali ebizwa ngokuthi amandla esenzo ku-neuron etholayo. Isidlulisi esivimbelayo siyakuvimba. Ama-Neuromodulators alawula amaqembu ezinzwa.

1. Ama-neurotransmitter ajabulisayo ube nemiphumela ejabulisayo ku-neuron. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bakhulisa amathuba okuthi i-neuron izokhipha amandla esenzo.
2. Ama-neurotransmitters avimbelayo unemiphumela evimbela i-neuron. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banciphisa amathuba okuthi i-neuron ishise isenzo.
3. Ama-neurotransmitters ajwayelekile kungathinta ama-neurons amaningi ngasikhathi sinye futhi kuthinte imiphumela yezinye izithunywa zamakhemikhali.

Amanye ama-neurotransmitters, njenge-dopamine, kuya ngama-receptors akhona, enza imiphumela yokuthakazelisa nokuvimbela.

Ama-neurotransmitter ajabulisayo

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi eziqondakala ngokucacile zama-neurotransmitter we-excitatory zifaka:

I-Acetylcholine

Le yi-neurotransmitter ejabulisayo etholakala kulo lonke uhlelo lwezinzwa. Omunye wemisebenzi yawo eminingi ukukhuthaza imisipha, kufaka phakathi leyo yohlelo lwesisu kanye nohlelo lokuzimela oluzimele.

Ngabe ujwayele imijovo yezimonyo zeBotox? Zisetshenziselwa ukuqeda imibimbi ngokukhubaza okwesikhashana imisipha ethile. Le nqubo isebenzisa ubuthi be-botulinum ukuqandisa imisipha endaweni ngokuvimbela ama-neurons asendaweni ukuthi angakhiphi i-acetylcholine.

I-Epinephrine

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-adrenaline, i-epinephrine iyi-neurotransmitter ejabulisayo ekhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal. Ikhishwa egazini ukulungiselela umzimba wakho izimo eziyingozi ngokwandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi nokukhiqiza ushukela.

Ingabe ujwayelene nempendulo yokulwa-noma-yendiza? I-Adrenaline isiza amasistimu wakho we-nervous and endocrine ukulungiselela izimo ezinzima lapho ungahle uthathe isinqumo sokulwa noma ukundiza.

I-Glutamate

Le yi-neurotransmitter ejwayelekile kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. I-neurotransmitter ejabulisayo futhi imvamisa iqinisekisa ukulinganisela nemiphumela ye-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), i-neurotransmitter engavimbeli.

Umlando

Le yi-neurotransmitter ejabulisayo ebandakanyeka kakhulu kuzimpendulo zokuvuvukala, i-vasodilation, kanye nomthethonqubo wokuphendula komzimba wakho emizimbeni yangaphandle njengama-allergen.

UDopamine

I-Dopamine inemiphumela ejabulisayo futhi evimbelayo. Ihlotshaniswa nezindlela zokuvuza ebuchosheni.

Izidakamizwa ezinjenge-cocaine, i-heroin, notshwala zingakhuphula amazinga ayo egazini okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwanda kungaholela ekutheni amaseli ezinzwa adubule ngokungajwayelekile okungaholela ekudakweni kanye nokuqonda nezinkinga zokugxila.

Imfihlo ejwayelekile ye-dopamine egazini lakho ingasiza ekugqugquzelweni.

Amanye ama-neurotransmitters

I-Norepinephrine

Ebizwa nangokuthi i-noradrenaline, i-norepinephrine yi-neurotransmitter eyinhloko ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluzwelayo lapho lusebenza khona ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, ukusebenza kwesibindi neminye imisebenzi.

I-Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-GABA, i-gamma-aminobutyric acid iyi-neurotransmitter evimbelayo esebenza njenge-brake kuma-neurotransmitters ajabulisayo. I-GABA isatshalaliswa kabanzi ebuchosheni futhi inendima enkulu ekwehliseni ukujabula kwe-neuronal kulo lonke uhlelo lwezinzwa.

I-Serotonin

I-Serotonin iyi-neurotransmitter engavimbeleki ebandakanyeka kwimizwelo nemizwelo, ilinganisa imiphumela ye-neurotransmitter eyedlulele ebuchosheni bakho. ISerotonin futhi ilawula izinqubo, njengokujikeleza kokulala, izifiso ze-carbohydrate, ukugaya ukudla, nokulawulwa kobuhlungu.

Ukuphazamiseka okuxhunyaniswe nama-neurotransmitters

Ama-neurotransmitters amaningi ahlotshaniswe nezinkinga eziningi.

• Isifo se-Alzheimer sixhunyaniswe nokushoda kwe-acetylcholine nasezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho.
• I-Schizophrenia ixhunywe kumanani amaningi we-dopamine endleleni ye-mesolimbic yobuchopho.
• Isifo sikaParkinson sixhunyaniswe ne-dopamine encane kakhulu ezindaweni zezimoto zobuchopho.
• Isifo sokuwa nesikaHuntington sixhunyaniswe nokwehliswa kweGABA ebuchosheni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo njengokukhathazeka kuye kwaxhunyaniswa.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo njengokucindezeleka komuntu, ukukhathazeka, nokujikeleza kokulala okungafanele kuxhunywe ku- (norepinephrine) nakwamanye ama-neurotransmitters.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Kunezigidigidi zama-molecule we-neurotransmitter asebenza njalo ukugcina ubuchopho bakho busebenza futhi bulawula yonke into kusukela ekuphefumuleni kwakho kuye ekushayeni kwenhliziyo yakho ukuya ekhonweni lakho lokugxila.

Ukuqonda indlela amangqamuzana ezinzwa axhumana ngayo, nokuthi kukhuphuka futhi kwehle kanjani kuma-neurotransmitter kuthinta impilo yethu engokwenyama nengqondo, kusiza abacwaningi nodokotela ukuthola izindlela zokusenza sijabule futhi sibe nempilo.