Ukuqonda Amaqiniso Nezibalo NgeMelanoma

-Delile

• Izinga le-melanoma liyakhuphuka
• I-Melanoma ingasakazeka ngokushesha
• Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa amathuba okusinda
• Ukuvezwa yilanga kuyingozi enkulu
• Imibhede yokushuka iyingozi, nayo
• Umbala wesikhumba uthinta amathuba okuthola nokusinda kwi-melanoma
• Amadoda amadala amhlophe asengozini enkulu kakhulu
• Uphawu oluvame kakhulu indawo eshintsha ngokushesha esikhunjeni
• I-Melanoma ingavinjelwa
• Ukuthatha

I-Melanoma uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba oqala kumaseli e-pigment. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingahle isabalale isuke kulawo maseli iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ukufunda kabanzi nge-melanoma kungakusiza wehlise amathuba akho okuyithuthukisa. Uma wena noma umuntu omkhathalelayo ene-melanoma, ukuthola amaqiniso kungakusiza uqonde isimo nokubaluleka kokwelashwa.

Qhubeka ufundele izibalo ezibalulekile namaqiniso nge-melanoma.

Izinga le-melanoma liyakhuphuka

Ngokwe-American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), amazinga e-melanoma e-United States aphindwe kabili phakathi kuka-1982 no-2011. abesifazane.

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi betholakala ukuthi bane-melanoma, abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo.

I-American Cancer Society ibika ukuthi kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50, amazinga okufa kwe-melanoma ehle ngamaphesenti ayi-7 ngonyaka kusuka ngo-2013 kuya ku-2017. Kubantu abadala, amazinga okufa kwehle ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-5 ngonyaka.

I-Melanoma ingasakazeka ngokushesha

I-Melanoma ingasakazeka isikhumba iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Uma isakazeka kuma-lymph node aseduze, yaziwa njenge-stage 3 melanoma. Ekugcineni ingasakazeka nakuma-lymph node nakwezinye izitho ezikude, njengamaphaphu noma ubuchopho. Lokhu kwaziwa njengesigaba 4 se-melanoma.

Uma i-melanoma isakazeka, kuba nzima ukuyelapha. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa amathuba okusinda

Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute (NCI), isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwe-melanoma cishe singamaphesenti angama-92. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abangama-92 kwabangu-100 abane-melanoma baphila okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokuthola ukuxilongwa.

Izinga lokusinda kwe-melanoma liphezulu kakhulu lapho umdlavuza utholakala futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi. Uma isivele isakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba lapho kutholakala, amathuba okusinda mancane.

Lapho i-melanoma isabalele ukusuka ekuqaleni kwayo kuya ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-25, kusho i-NCI.

Iminyaka yomuntu kanye nempilo yonke nayo iyathinta umbono wabo wesikhathi eside.

Ukuvezwa yilanga kuyingozi enkulu

Ukuchayeka okungavikelekile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni nakweminye imithombo kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-melanoma.

NgokweSkin Cancer Foundation, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-86 amacala amasha we-melanoma abangelwa ukuvezwa yimisebe ye-UV evela elangeni. Uma uke waba nokushiswa yilanga okuyisihlanu noma ngaphezulu empilweni yakho, iphinda kabili ingozi yokuba ne-melanoma. Ngisho ukushiswa yilanga okukodwa kungakhulisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuba nalesi sifo.

Imibhede yokushuka iyingozi, nayo

I-Skin Cancer Foundation ixwayisa ngokuthi cishe abantu ababalelwa ku-6 200 ababa nesifo se-melanoma ngonyaka baxhunyaniswa nokushuka ngaphakathi e-United States.

Le nhlangano ibuye yeluleke ngokuthi abantu abasebenzisa imibhede yokushuka ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engama-35 ubudala bangakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yi-melanoma ngamaphesenti angama-75. Ukusebenzisa imibhede yokushuka futhi kuphakamisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba, njenge-basal cell noma i-squamous cell carcinoma.

Ukusiza ukuvikela abantu ezingozini zokushuka kwasendlini, i-Australia neBrazil bayivimbile ngokuphelele. Amanye amazwe amaningi kanye nezifundazwe zivimbele ukushuka kwangaphakathi kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umbala wesikhumba uthinta amathuba okuthola nokusinda kwi-melanoma

Abantu baseCaucasus basemathubeni amaningi kunamalungu amanye amaqembu okuba nesifo se-melanoma, kubika i-AAD. Ikakhulu, abantu baseCaucasus abanezinwele ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe nalabo abashiswa yilanga kalula basengozini enkulu.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo bangaluhlakulela lolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Lapho bekwenza, kuvame ukutholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho kunzima ukwelashwa.

Ngokusho kwe-AAD, abantu abanemibala mancane amathuba okuthi basinde kwi-melanoma kunabantu baseCaucasus.

Amadoda amadala amhlophe asengozini enkulu kakhulu

Izimo eziningi ze-melanoma zenzeka emadodeni amhlophe angaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-55, ngokusho kweSkin Cancer Foundation.

Inhlangano ibika ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, owesilisa oyedwa kwabangu-28 abamhlophe nowesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-41 abamhlophe bazoba ne-melanoma. Kodwa-ke, ubungozi besilisa nabesifazane bokuyithuthukisa buyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-49, abesifazane abamhlophe basemathubeni amaningi kunamadoda amhlophe okuthi bahlakulele lolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Phakathi kwabantu abadala abamhlophe asebekhulile, amadoda maningi amathuba okukuhlakulela kunabesifazane.

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu indawo eshintsha ngokushesha esikhunjeni

I-Melanoma ivame ukuvela kuqala njengendawo efana nemvukuzane esikhunjeni - noma ukumakwa okungafani, isici, noma isigaxa.

Uma indawo entsha ivela esikhunjeni sakho, kungaba uphawu lwe-melanoma. Uma indawo ekhona iqala ukuguquka ngokuma, umbala, noma usayizi, lokho kungaba uphawu lwesimo.

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izindawo ezintsha noma eziguqukayo esikhunjeni sakho.

I-Melanoma ingavinjelwa

Ukuvikela isikhumba sakho emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kungasiza ekwehliseni amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-melanoma.

Ukusiza ukuvikela isikhumba sakho, iMelanoma Research Alliance yeluleka abantu ukuthi:

• gwema ukushuka kwasendlini
• gqoka isikrini selanga nge-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu uma ungaphandle ngesikhathi semini, noma ngabe liguqubele noma kusebusika ngaphandle
• gqoka izibuko zelanga, isigqoko, nezinye izingubo zokuzivikela ngaphandle
• hlala endlini noma emthunzini phakathi nezinsuku

Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-melanoma, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ukuthatha

Noma ngubani angaba ne-melanoma, kepha kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, amadoda amadala, nalabo abanomlando wokushiswa yilanga.

Unganciphisa ubungozi bokuthuthukisa i-melanoma ngokugwema ukutholakala kwelanga isikhathi eside, usebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 noma ngaphezulu, futhi uvikele imibhede yokushuka.

Uma usola ukuthi ungaba ne-melanoma, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lutholakala futhi lwelashwa kusenesikhathi, amathuba okusinda maningi.