Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi ze-Flu Shot?

-Delile

• Ingabe umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uphephile?
• Funda kabanzi
• Ingabe umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unganginikeza umkhuhlane?
• Ziyini izinzuzo zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
• 1. Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane
• 2. Ukuzizwa ngigula kancane
• 3. Ubungozi obuncane bokulaliswa esibhedlela noma izinkinga kubantu abathile
• 4. Ukuvikelwa emphakathini
• Ziyini izingozi zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?
• 1. Usathola umkhuhlane
• 2. Ukusabela okweqile komzimba
• 3. Isifo se-Guillain-Barre
• Umjovo wokujova umjovo vs.
• Ngabe ngidinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke?
• Ingabe umkhuhlane udutshuliwe ezinganeni?
• Ngabe umkhuhlane udutshuliwe kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe?
• Kufanele uwuthole nini umkhuhlane?
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Njalo ebusika, igciwane lomkhuhlane libanga ubhadane lomkhuhlane emiphakathini ezweni lonke. Lo nyaka ungaba ngumthwalo ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19 olwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Umkhuhlane uthelelana kakhulu. Kubanga amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokufa kwezinkulungwane unyaka nonyaka.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane utholakala minyaka yonke ukusiza ukuvikela abantu ekuhlaselweni umkhuhlane. Kepha kuphephile? Futhi kubaluleke kangakanani manje ukuthi i-COVID-19 iyisici?

Funda ukuze ufunde ngezinzuzo nezingozi zomkhuhlane.

Ingabe umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uphephile?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uphephe kakhulu, yize kukhona amaqembu athile abantu okungafanele awuthole. Kubandakanya:

• izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
• abantu abathola ukusabela okunzima emuthini wokugomela umkhuhlane noma yiziphi izithako zawo
• labo abanokungezwani komzimba neqanda noma imercury
• labo abane-Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Funda kabanzi

• Yiziphi izithako ekudutshulweni komkhuhlane?
• I-flu flu: Funda imiphumela engemihle

Ingabe umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane unganginikeza umkhuhlane?

Ukukhathazeka okuvamile ukuthi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ungakunika umkhuhlane. Lokhu akunakwenzeka.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wenziwa ngendlela engasebenzi yegciwane lomkhuhlane noma izingxenye zegciwane ezingabangeli ukutheleleka. Abanye abantu baba nemiphumela engemihle evame ukuphela osukwini noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• indawo evuvukile, ebomvu, yethenda ezungeze indawo yokujova
• Ukugodola noma ikhanda

Ziyini izinzuzo zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

1. Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuyindlela yokuzivikela ekutheni ungaguli nalo mkhuhlane.

2. Ukuzizwa ngigula kancane

Kusengenzeka ukuthola umkhuhlane ngemuva kokugoma. Uma ugula ngomkhuhlane, izimpawu zakho zingase zibe nzima uma uthola ukugoma.

3. Ubungozi obuncane bokulaliswa esibhedlela noma izinkinga kubantu abathile

Ukugonyelwa umkhuhlane kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuholele engcupheni ephansi yezinkinga ezihlobene nomkhuhlane noma ukulaliswa ezibhedlela kwamanye amaqembu. Kubandakanya:

• amadala
• abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabo
• izingane
• abantu abanezimo ezingalapheki, njengesifo esingelapheki samaphaphu, kanye

4. Ukuvikelwa emphakathini

Uma uzivikela emkhuhlaneni ngokugoma, uvikela nalabo abangakwazi ukugoma ukuthi bangabanjwa ngumkhuhlane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abasebancane kakhulu ukuthi bangagonywa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-herd immunity futhi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ziyini izingozi zomuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane?

1. Usathola umkhuhlane

Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola umkhuhlane bese wehla nalo mkhuhlane. Kuthatha ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma ukuze umzimba wakho uzivikele. Ngalesi sikhathi, usengawuthola umkhuhlane.

Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani usengawuthola umkhuhlane ukuthi ngabe awukho yini “umdlalo wokugoma” omuhle. Abaphenyi kudingeka banqume ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo ezizofakwa emuthini wezinyanga eziningi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale inkathi yomkhuhlane.

Lapho kungekho ukufana okuhle phakathi kwezinhlobo ezikhethiwe kanye nezinkinga ezigcina zijikeleza ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, umuthi wokugoma awusebenzi kangako.

2. Ukusabela okweqile komzimba

Abanye abantu bangase babe nokusabela okungalungile ekudutshulweni komkhuhlane. Uma unesimo esingesihle emthonjeni wokugoma, izimpawu zivame ukwenzeka kungapheli imizuzu kuya emahoreni ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukuphefumula kanzima
• isifuba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukuqubuka noma isifuba
• ukuvuvukala kuzungeze amehlo nomlomo
• ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka noma unesiyezi

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, bheka udokotela wakho. Uma ukusabela kunzima, iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo.

3. Isifo se-Guillain-Barre

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome yisimo esingajwayelekile lapho amasosha akho omzimba eqala ukuhlasela izinzwa zakho zomngcele. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, kodwa ukugonywa kwegciwane lomkhuhlane kungadala lesi simo.

Uma usuvele une-Guillain-Barré syndrome, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokugoma.

Umjovo wokujova umjovo vs.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ungalethwa njengomjovo noma njengesifutho samakhala.

Ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane kungavela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezivikela ezifweni ezintathu noma ezine zomkhuhlane. Yize lungekho uhlobo lomkhuhlane olunconywayo ngaphezu kwabanye, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuwe.

Isifutho samakhala siqukethe umthamo omncane we-virus ephilayo yomkhuhlane, kepha ebuthakathaka.

Isifutho samakhala sesizini yomkhuhlane ka-2017 kuya ku-2018 ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngamazinga aphansi okusebenza. Kepha okunye kunconywa isizini ka-2020 kuya ku-2021. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwesifutho manje sekusebenza kangcono.

Ngabe ngidinga ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane minyaka yonke?

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uyadingeka minyaka yonke ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili.

Okokuqala ukuthi ukusabela komzimba wakho kumkhuhlane kuyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthola umuthi wokugoma njalo ngonyaka kukusiza ukuthi uqhubeke nokuvikelwa.

Isizathu sesibili ukuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane lishintsha njalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagciwane abedlange esikhathini sangaphambilini somkhuhlane kungenzeka angabi kusizini ezayo.

Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane uvuselelwa minyaka yonke ukufaka ukuvikelwa kumagciwane omkhuhlane okungenzeka ukuthi asakazeke esikhathini esizayo somkhuhlane. Ukudutshulwa komkhuhlane wonyaka ukuvikela okuphumelela kakhulu.

Ingabe umkhuhlane udutshuliwe ezinganeni?

Lokhu kuncoma ukuthi izingane ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala zithole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane. Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala zisencane kakhulu ukuthi zingathola umuthi wokugoma.

Imiphumela emibi yokugomela umkhuhlane ezinganeni ifana naleyo yabantu abadala. Zingafaka:

• umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukudabuka endaweni yomjovo

Ezinye izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka engu-8 zingadinga imithamo emibili. Buza udokotela wengane yakho ukuthi imithamo emingaki ingane yakho eyidingayo.

Ngabe umkhuhlane udutshuliwe kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe?

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka. Izinguquko kumasosha akho omzimba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ziholela engozini eyengeziwe yokugula okunzima noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Kokubili i-American College of Obstetricians kanye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) bancoma ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole umkhuhlane wonyaka kunoma iyiphi i-trimester yokukhulelwa.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kungasiza ekuvikeleni ingane yakho. Ezinyangeni ngemuva kokuzalwa, uma uncelisa, ungadlulisela amasosha omzimba womkhuhlane enganeni yakho ngobisi lwebele.

Ngenkathi umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ube nerekhodi eliqinile lokuphepha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ucwaningo lwango-2017 luphakamise ukukhathazeka okuphephile. Abaphenyi bathole ukuhlangana phakathi kokukhulelwa kwesisu kanye nokugonywa komkhuhlane ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ezedlule.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu cwaningo lufaka kuphela isibalo esincane sabesifazane. Ngokwengeziwe, le nhlangano yayibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo kwabesifazane ababethole umuthi wokugomela oqukethe uhlobo lobhadane lwe-H1N1 kwisizini edlule.

Ngenkathi izifundo ezengeziwe zidinga ukuqedelwa ukuphenya lokhu kukhathazeka, bobabili kanye ne-ACOG basancoma ngokuqinile ukuthi bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe bathole umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane.

Kufanele uwuthole nini umkhuhlane?

Abenzi ngokuvamile baqala ukuthumela umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngo-Agasti. Abantu bavame ukukhuthazwa ukuthi bathole umuthi wokugoma ngokushesha lapho usutholakala.

Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi ukuvikelwa kuqala ukwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulandela ukugoma. Njengoba uzofuna ukuvikelwa kuyo yonke inkathi yomkhuhlane, ungahle ungafuni ukuthola umuthi wakho wokugoma futhi ekuseni.

Odokotela abaningi bancoma ukuthi wonke umuntu athole umuthi wakhe wokugomela umkhuhlane ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ngaphambi kokuba igciwane liqale ukusakazeka emphakathini wakho.

Uma ungakutholi ukugoma kwakho ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, akukephuzi kakhulu. Ukuthola ukugonywa kamuva kusenganikeza ukuvikelwa egciwaneni lomkhuhlane.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Njalo ekwindla nasebusika, izigidi zabantu zithola umkhuhlane. Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho ekungenweni ngumkhuhlane.

Ubhadane oluqhubekayo lwe-COVID-19 luyisici kwazise umuntu angaluthola nezinye izifo zokuphefumula njengomkhuhlane ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuthola umkhuhlane kuzosiza ukunciphisa izingozi zawo wonke umuntu.

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokugomela umkhuhlane, kanye nezinye izingozi ezihambisanayo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngokugoma umkhuhlane, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.