8 Ukudla Okuqukethe I-MSG

-Delile

• Yini i-MSG?
• 1. Ukudla okusheshayo
• 2. Ama-chip nama-snack foods
• 3. Izingxube zesinongo
• Ukudla okubandayo
• 5. Iisobho
• 6. Inyama elungisiwe
• 7. Ama-condiments
• 8. Imikhiqizo ye-noodle esheshayo
• Ingabe i-MSG iyingozi?
• Okubalulekile

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Amakhulu ezithako afakwa ekudleni ngesikhathi sokulungiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka komkhiqizo wokugcina.

IMonosodium glutamate, eyaziwa njengeMSG, ingesinye sezithasiselo zokudla ezinempikiswano enkulu esivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yiFood and Drug Administration (FDA).

Yize "kubhekwa njengokuphephile" (GRAS) ukuthi isetshenziswe ekunikezelweni kokudla ngama-ejensi alawulayo, olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lungathikameza impilo, yingakho abantu abaningi bekhetha ukukugwema ().

Le ndatshana ichaza ukuthi yini i-MSG, ukuthi ikuphi ukudla okwengezwe kukho, nokuthi ucwaningo luthini ngemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona.

Yini i-MSG?

I-MSG iyisidambisi esidumile se-flavour esisuselwa ku-L-glutamic acid, i-amino acid eyenzeka ngokwemvelo edingekayo ekwakheni amaprotheni (2).

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla, i-MSG ivela ngokwemvelo ekudleni okuthile, kufaka phakathi utamatisi noshizi (3).

Yaqala ukukhonjwa njenge-flavour enhancer ngabaphenyi baseJapan ngo-1908 futhi kusukela lapho yaba ngesinye sezithasiselo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla (3).

Namuhla, ingatholakala kwimikhiqizo eminingi esetshenzisiwe, kusuka ekudleni okusheshayo kuya kumasobho asemathinini.

I-MSG ikhulisa ukunambitheka kokudla ngokushukumisa ama-receptors wokunambitha futhi ikhonjisiwe ezifundweni zocwaningo ukukhulisa ukwamukelwa kwama-flavour athile. Ukungeza i-MSG ekudleni kubangela ukunambitheka kwe-umami, okubonakala njengokunambitheka nenyama ().

Lesi sithasiselo esithandwayo sithathwa njenge-GRAS yi-FDA, yize ezinye izazi ziphikisa ngokuthi zingaba nemiphumela engemihle engaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside ().

I-FDA igunyaza ukuthi i-MSG kumele ibhalwe ngegama layo elijwayelekile le-monosodium glutamate lapho isetshenziswa njengesithako ekudleni. Ukudla okune-MSG ngokwemvelo, njengemikhiqizo katamatisi, ama-protein isolates, noshizi, akudingeki ukuthi kubhalwe i-MSG njengesithako (6).

Kwamanye amazwe, i-MSG ihlukaniswa njengesengezo sokudla futhi ingabalwa ngenombolo E-E621 (7).

Nakhu ukudla okungu-8 okuvame ukuba ne-MSG.

1. Ukudla okusheshayo

Omunye wemithombo eyaziwa kakhulu ye-MSG ukudla okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwaseChina.

Eqinisweni, i-Chinese restaurant syndrome yisimo esinezimpawu ezibandakanya ikhanda, isifuba, ukuvuvukala komphimbo, ukulunywa, nobuhlungu besisu okutholwa abanye abantu ngemuva nje kokudla ukudla kwe-MSG okugcwele i-MSG ().

Yize izindawo zokudlela eziningi zamaShayina ziyeke ukusebenzisa i-MSG njengesithako, abanye bayaqhubeka nokuyifaka ezitsheni eziningi ezithandwayo, kufaka phakathi irayisi ethosiwe.

I-MSG isetshenziswa futhi ngama-franchise afana neKentucky Fried Chicken neChick-fil-A ukukhulisa ukunambitheka kokudla.

Isibonelo, iChick-fil-A's Chicken Sandwich neKentucky Fried Chicken's Extra Crispy Chicken Breast ngezinye zezinto zemenyu eziqukethe i-MSG (9, 10).

2. Ama-chip nama-snack foods

Abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa i-MSG ukukhulisa ukunambitheka okumnandi kwama-chips.

Izintandokazi zabathengi ezifana neDoritos nePringles kungeminye yemikhiqizo ye-chip equkethe i-MSG (11, 12).

Ngaphandle kokungezwa kuma-chips amazambane, ama-chip chips, kanye nezingxube ze-snack, i-MSG ingatholakala kokunye ukudla okuningi okulula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufunda ilebula uma ufuna ukugwema ukudla lesi sithasiselo.

3. Izingxube zesinongo

Imixube yesinongo isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukunambitheka okunosawoti, okunomsoco ezitsheni ezinjenge-stews, ama-tacos nama-stir-fries.

I-MSG isetshenziswa emixubeni eminingi yesinongo ukuqinisa ukunambitheka nokukhulisa ukunambitheka kwe-umami ngentengo ephansi ngaphandle kokungeza usawoti owengeziwe ().

Eqinisweni, i-MSG isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphansi ze-sodium ukukhulisa ukunambitheka ngaphandle kokufakwa kasawoti. I-MSG itholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi yokunambitha ene-sodium, kufaka phakathi imixube yokunonga kanye nama-bouillon cubes (14).

Ngokwengeziwe, i-MSG ingezwa kwenye inyama, izinkukhu, nezinhlayiya zezinhlanzi kanye nomthamo wokuthuthukisa ukuthambeka kokudla (15).

Ukudla okubandayo

Yize ukudla okubandayo kungaba yindlela elula futhi eshibhile yokubeka ukudla etafuleni, imvamisa iqukethe inqwaba yezithako ezingenampilo futhi ezingaba yinkinga, kufaka phakathi i-MSG.

Izinkampani eziningi ezenza amadina afriziwe zengeza i-MSG kwimikhiqizo yazo ukwenza ngcono ukunambitheka okumnandi kwesidlo ().

Eminye imikhiqizo efriziwe evame ukuqukethe i-MSG ifaka ama-pizza afriziwe, i-mac kanye noshizi, kanye nokudla kwasekuseni okufriziwe.

5. Iisobho

Imisobho ekheniwe kanye nezingxube zesobho kuvame ukuthi i-MSG ingezwe kuzo ukuqinisa ukunambitheka okumnandi okufiswa ngabathengi.

Mhlawumbe umkhiqizo wesobho othandwa kakhulu oqukethe lesi sithasiselo esiyimpikiswano yisobho likaCampbell's chicken noodle (17).

Eminye imikhiqizo eminingi yesobho, kufaka phakathi isobho elisemathinini, izingxube zesobho ezomisiwe, kanye neziphuzo ze-bouillon, ingaqukatha i-MSG, okwenza kubaluleke ukuhlola amalebula womkhiqizo ngamunye.

6. Inyama elungisiwe

Izinyama ezicutshunguliwe njengezinja ezishisayo, inyama yasemini, inyama yenkomo, amasoseji, inyama ebhemayo, i-pepperoni, nezinti zokudla okulula kwenyama kungaqukatha i-MSG (18).

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, i-MSG ingezwa kwimikhiqizo yenyama efana nesoseji ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-sodium ngaphandle kokushintsha i-flavour ().

Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi ukufaka i-sodium nge-MSG kuma-patties engulube kuthuthukise ukunambitheka kasawoti nokwamukeleka komkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuthinta kabi ukunambitheka ().

7. Ama-condiments

Ama-condiments afana nokugqoka isaladi, imayonnaise, i-ketchup, i-barbecue sauce, ne-soy sauce kuvame ukuba ne-MSG (18) engeziwe.

Ngokungeziwe ku-MSG, ama-condiments amaningi agcwele izithasiselo ezingenampilo njengoshukela ongeziwe, imibala yokufakelwa, kanye nezivimbelakuvunda, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezithako ezinqunyelwe, zokudla okuphelele lapho kungenzeka khona.

Uma ukhathazekile ngokusebenzisa ama-condiments aqukethe i-MSG, cabanga ukuzenzela okwakho ukuze ukwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele lokho okudlayo. Okokuqala, ungazama lezi zokupheka zokugqoka isaladi ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo.

8. Imikhiqizo ye-noodle esheshayo

Isisekelo sabafundi basekolishi emhlabeni wonke, ama-noodle asheshayo ahlinzeka ngokudla okusheshayo, okugcwalisayo kulabo abasesabelomali.

Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa i-MSG ukukhulisa ukunambitheka okumnandi kwemikhiqizo ye-noodle esheshayo. Futhi, ama-noodle asheshayo enziwa ngezithako ezingenampilo futhi alayishwa usawoti ongeziwe, ama-carbs acwengekile, kanye nezinto zokuvikela ezingalimaza impilo yakho.

Ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo kwe-noodle kuhlotshaniswe nokwanda kwesifo senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi ushukela wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, i-triglyceride, namazinga wegazi ().

Ingabe i-MSG iyingozi?

Ngenkathi ucwaningo lungenakuphela, ezinye izifundo ziphakamise ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-MSG kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi yezempilo.

Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-MSG kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokukhuluphala, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukuguquguquka kweshukela egazini, ukuphakama kwesifo senhliziyo, izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukulimala kwemizwa nokwanda kokuvuvukala ezifundweni zezilwane ().

Olunye ucwaningo lwabantu lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-MSG kungakhuthaza ukuzuza kwesisindo futhi kwandise indlala, ukudla, kanye nengozi yakho ye-metabolic syndrome, iqembu lezimpawu eziphakamisa ubungozi bezimo ezingalapheki njengesifo senhliziyo nesifo sikashukela (3).

Isibonelo, ucwaningo olwenziwe kubantu abadala abangama-349 luthole ukuthi labo abadla kakhulu i-MSG banamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo semetabolism kunalabo abadla kancane, nokuthi ukukhuphuka kwegremu elilodwa le-MSG ngosuku kukhuphule kakhulu amathuba okusinda ngokweqile () .

Kodwa-ke, kudingeka izifundo ezinkulu, ezenzelwe kahle ukuqinisekisa lesi sixhumanisi ().

Kukhona nobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-MSG inyusa indlala futhi ingaholela ekutheni udle kakhulu ekudleni. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamanje luphakamisa ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-MSG nokudla, kanti ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi i-MSG inganciphisa nokudla ekudleni ().

Yize ucwaningo luxubene nokuthi i-MSG ingayithinta kanjani impilo yonke, kuyacaca ukuthi ukusebenzisa imithamo ephezulu yama-gramu ama-3 noma ngaphezulu kwe-MSG ngosuku kungahle kuholele emiphumeleni emibi, kufaka phakathi ikhanda nokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi (24).

Ngokubhekiswa, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-MSG e-United States nase-United Kingdom kungama-0.55 amagremu ngosuku, ngenkathi ukutholwa kwe-MSG emazweni ase-Asia kungu-1.2-1.7 amagremu ngosuku ().

Yize kungenzeka, ukusebenzisa ama-gramu ama-3 we-MSG noma ngaphezulu ngosuku akunakwenzeka lapho udla osayizi bezingxenye ezijwayelekile.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abathile abanokuzwela kwe-MSG bangaba nemiphumela emibi efana nesifuba, ukuvuvukala komphimbo, ikhanda elibuhlungu nokukhathala ngemuva kokudla amanani amancane, kuya ngokubekezelelana komuntu ngamunye.

Noma kunjalo, ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezingama-40 kutholakale ukuthi, jikelele, izifundo ezixhumanise i-MSG nemiphumela emibi yezempilo zinekhwalithi engemihle futhi zinamaphutha endlela, nokuthi lobo bufakazi obuqinile bemitholampilo be-MSG hypersensitivity buyashoda, okugcizelela isidingo socwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo (24) .

Ngenkathi ubufakazi bokuzwela kwe-MSG bungekho, abantu abaningi babika ukuthi ukusebenzisa lesi sithasiselo kuholela emiphumeleni emibi.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nozwelo kwi-MSG, kungcono ukugwema imikhiqizo efakwe kuhlu kuleli khasi futhi uhlale uhlola amalebula we-MSG eyengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe kupikiswa ukuphepha kwe-MSG, kusobala ukuthi ukudla okuvame ukuqukethe i-MSG, njengama-chips, ukudla okubandayo, ukudla okusheshayo, ama-noodle asheshayo, nenyama esetshenzisiwe, akukuhle empilweni yonke.

Ngakho-ke, ukusika imikhiqizo egcwele i-MSG kungenzeka kukuzuzise ekuhambeni kwesikhathi - noma ungazweli ku-MSG.

Ezinye izifundo zihlobanise i-MSG nemiphumela emibi yezempilo, kufaka phakathi ukukhuluphala kanye ne-metabolic syndrome. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka olunye ucwaningo ukufakazela lokhu okutholakele.

Okubalulekile

I-MSG iyisithasiselo sokudla esinempikiswano esitholakala kwimikhiqizo enhlobonhlobo. Ngokuvamile kufakwa kuma-chips, ama-diners afriziwe, ukudla okusheshayo, ama-noodle asheshayo, nokunye ukudla okuningi okucutshungulwayo ukukhulisa ukunambitheka.

Yize ezinye izifundo zixhumanise ukusetshenziswa kwe-MSG nemiphumela engemihle yezempilo, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele imiphumela engahle idle i-MSG kwezempilo yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside.

Uma uzizwa uzwela ku-MSG, kungcono ukugwema imikhiqizo equkethe. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda njalo amalebula okudla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zakho azinayo i-MSG.