Isibindi: lapho sikhona, imisebenzi nezifo eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Imisebenzi eyinhloko
• 1. Ukugaya amafutha
• 2. Isitoreji seglucose nokukhululwa
• 3. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni
• 4. Ukuqedwa kobuthi
• 5. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol
• 6. Ukugcinwa kwamavithamini namaminerali
• 7. Ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi
• 8. Ukulawulwa kwegazi
• 9. Ukuguqulwa kwe-ammonia ku-urea
• 10. Izidakamizwa umzimba
• 11. Ukubhujiswa kwama-microorganisms
• Izifo ezinkulu zesibindi
• 1. Isibindi esinamafutha
• 2. Isibindi sokusha kwesibindi
• 3. Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi
• 4. Ukwehluleka kwesibindi
• 5. Umdlavuza
• Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sesibindi esiku-inthanethi
• Uzoya nini kudokotela

Isibindi siyilungu lesistimu yokugaya ukudla, etholakala engxenyeni engenhla kwesokudla yesisu, ngaphansi kwesifafazi nangaphezulu kwesisu, izinso kwesokudla namathumbu. Lesi sitho cishe singama-20 cm ubude, sinesisindo esingaba ngu-1.5 kg emadodeni kanye no-1.2 kg kwabesifazane futhi sihlukaniswe saba ama-lobes ama-4: kwesokudla, kwesobunxele, se-caudate nesikwele.

Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yesibindi ukuhlunga igazi nokuqeda ubuthi, kepha futhi kuneminye imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile njengokukhiqiza amaprotheni, izinto ezijiyisayo, i-triglycerides, i-cholesterol ne-bile, isibonelo.

Isibindi sinamandla amakhulu okuzivuselela futhi yingakho kungenzeka ukuthi sinikele ngengxenye yalesi sitho, senze umnikelo empilweni. Kodwa-ke, kunezifo eziningi ezingathinta lesi sitho, njenge-hepatitis, amafutha wesibindi noma i-cirrhosis. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wezifo zengqondo uma kuvela izimpawu ezingakhombisa isifo esifana nobuhlungu esiswini esingenhla noma isikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo. Bona izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingakhombisa inkinga yesibindi.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko

Isibindi isitho esenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni:

1. Ukugaya amafutha

Isibindi isitho esikhulu esibamba iqhaza ekugayweni kwamafutha ekudleni ngokukhiqizwa kwe-bile, ujusi wokugaya ukudla, okwazi ukudiliza amafutha abe yi-fatty acids, amuncwa kalula emathunjini amancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bile ithambisa futhi ilulaze i-asidi esiswini futhi ine-bilirubin, into eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuzi enikeza umbala endle.

2. Isitoreji seglucose nokukhululwa

Isibindi sikhipha i-glucose eyeqile egazini bese siyigcina njenge-glycogen, esebenza njengomthombo wamandla, igcina ushukela wegazi phakathi kokudla nokusebenza njengendawo yokugcina i-glucose yomzimba. Njengoba kudingeka, lesi sitho singaguqula i-glycogen ibuyele ku-glucose, siyithumele egazini ukuze lisetshenziswe ezinye izicubu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibindi siyakwazi nokuguqula i-galactose ne-fructose ibe yi-glucose ukuze isetshenziswe njengomthombo wamandla.

3. Ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni

Isibindi sikhiqiza amaprotheni amaningi atholakala egazini, ikakhulukazi i-albumin, ebamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulawuleni umthamo wegazi, ekusatshalalisweni koketshezi emzimbeni nasekuthuthweni kwezinto ezahlukahlukene egazini njenge-bilirubin, fatty acids, ama-hormone, amavithamini, ama-enzyme, izinsimbi, ama-ion neminye imithi.

Amanye amaprotheni akhiqizwa isibindi afaka i-transferrin, ehambisa i-iron esibayeni nasemnkantsheni wethambo, ne-fibrinogen, ebalulekile ekunqandeni igazi.

4. Ukuqedwa kobuthi

Isibindi sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umzimba ezintweni ezinobuthi ezifana notshwala, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuba nekhono lokuhlunga igazi, ukususa ubuthi obuthunyelwa ezinso buqedwe ngomchamo.

5. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol

Isibindi sikhiqiza i-cholesterol kusuka ekudleni okunamafutha amaningi, okuthe lapho kuthuthelwa egazini ngama-molecule abizwa ngama-lipoprotein, njenge-LDL ne-HDL.

I-cholesterol iyadingeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba, obamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni uvithamini D, ama-hormone afana ne-testosterone ne-estrogen, kanye ne-bile acid ancibilikisa amafutha, ngaphezu kokuba khona kulwelwesi lwawo wonke amaseli emzimbeni.

6. Ukugcinwa kwamavithamini namaminerali

Isibindi sigcina amavithamini A, B12, D, E no-K, amuncwa ngokudla bese ewasabalalisa emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Lawa mavithamini abalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni kwezicubu zesikhumba, ukuthuthukisa impilo yamehlo, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ngaphezu kokuqinisa amathambo namazinyo.

Amanye amaminerali, afana nensimbi nethusi, nawo agcinwa esibindini futhi abalulekile ekuphendukeni okuhlukile kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni, njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla okugcina ukusebenza kwamaseli, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni afana ne-collagen ne-elastin, ukuzivikela kuma-radicals wamahhala nokwakhiwa kwamaprotheni esibindi.

7. Ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi

Isibindi sihlanganyela njalo ekubhujisweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, abuye abizwe ngokuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, aphila isikhathi esilinganiselwe sezinsuku eziyi-120.

Lapho lawa maseli esemdala noma engajwayelekile, isibindi sigaya amangqamuzana abomvu egazi bese sikhipha insimbi ekulawo maseli iye egazini ukuze umnkantsha ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi.

8. Ukulawulwa kwegazi

Isibindi sibamba iqhaza ekulawuleni ukujiya kwegazi ngokwandisa ukumuncwa kwe-vitamin K ngokukhiqizwa kwe-bile, ngaphezu kokugcina le vithamini kumaseli ayo, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-platelet akhuthaza ukujiya kwegazi.

9. Ukuguqulwa kwe-ammonia ku-urea

Isibindi siguqula i-ammonia, ephuma ekuguqulweni komzimba kwamaprotheni adlayo, futhi anobuthi emzimbeni, ube yi-urea, okuvumela ukuthi le nto iqedwe ngomchamo.

10. Izidakamizwa umzimba

Isibindi yisona sitho esiyinhloko esisebenza ngemithi, utshwala nezidakamizwa zokuhlukumeza, njengoba sikhiqiza ama-enzyme alulaza futhi angasebenzi lezi zinto, evumela ukuqedwa kwawo ngomchamo noma ngendle.

Lo msebenzi wesibindi ubalulekile ukuvimbela ukudakwa yilezi zinhlobo zezinto, kepha futhi kungabalulekile ukwenza kusebenze imishanguzo ethile efana ne-omeprazole noma i-capecitabine, edinga ukwenziwa isibindi ukuze isebenze.

11. Ukubhujiswa kwama-microorganisms

Isibindi sinamaseli wokuzivikela, abizwa ngama-Kupffer cells, akwazi ukubhubhisa ama-microorganisms afana nama-virus noma amabhaktheriya angangena esibindi emathunjini, abangele izifo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa maseli ayakwazi ukumelana nokutheleleka ngokwakha izici ze-immunological nokususa amabhaktheriya egazini.

Izifo ezinkulu zesibindi

Yize kuyisitho esiphikisayo, kunezinkinga eziningana ezingathinta isibindi. Imvamisa, umuntu kungenzeka angakhombisi ngisho nezimpawu, ekugcineni athole ushintsho ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile okuhlola ama-enzyme wesibindi njenge-ALT, AST, GGT, alkaline phosphatase ne-bilirubin, noma ngokuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-tomography noma i-ultrasound, isibonelo.

Izifo eziyinhloko ezingathinta isibindi zifaka:

1. Isibindi esinamafutha

Isibindi esinamafutha, esaziwa ngokwesayensi njengesibindi esinamafutha, senzeka lapho kunenqwaba yamafutha esibindini, imvamisa edalwa ukuphuza ngokweqile iziphuzo ezidakayo, ukungadli kahle noma izifo ezifana nokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ekuqaleni, isibindi esinamafutha asizibangeli izimpawu, kepha ezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu kungadala ukuvela kwezimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu esiswini, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukukhathala kanye nokugula okujwayelekile, ngokwesicanucanu nokuhlanza, ngokwesibonelo. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi izinguquko ekudleni, izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kanye / noma ukwelashwa kokugula okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukuqoqwa kwamafutha esibindi. Bona ukuthi ukudla okunesibindi okunamafutha kufanele kwenziwe kanjani.

2. Isibindi sokusha kwesibindi

I-hepatitis ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okungenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A, B, C, D noma E, kodwa futhi kuvamile kubantu abasebenzisa kabi utshwala, imithi noma izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ezizimele kanye nokukhuluphala kungakhulisa nengozi yesifo sokusha kwesibindi.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu isikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo nokwelashwa kuncike ekutheni yini ebangele lokhu kuvuvukala. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sokusha kwesibindi nokuthi siphathwa kanjani.

3. Isifo sokuqina kwesibindi

I-cirrhosis yenzeka lapho ubuthi, utshwala, amanoni esesibindi noma i-hepatitis kubangela ukubhujiswa unomphela kwamangqamuzana esibindi, okwenza ukuthi la maseli athathelwe indawo izicubu ezinemicu, kube sengathi yisibazi, esivimbela ukusebenza kwalesi sitho, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi .

Lesi sifo singahle singakhombisi zimpawu uma sisesigabeni sokuqala, kepha ezimweni ezithuthuke kakhulu singadala ubuhlungu esiswini, umchamo omnyama noma indle emhlophe, isibonelo. Funda ezinye izimpawu zesifo sokuqina kwesibindi nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukwelashwa.

4. Ukwehluleka kwesibindi

Ukwehluleka kwesibindi yisifo esibi kakhulu sesibindi, njengoba sehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yaso futhi kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga ezinjengezinkinga zokujiya, i-cerebral edema, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Lesi sifo sivame ukuvela ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokulimala kwesibindi okuphindaphindiwe, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, i-hepatitis, i-cirrhosis, isibindi esinamafutha, umdlavuza noma izifo ezizimele futhi ukwelashwa kwaso kwenziwa njalo ngokufakelwa kwesibindi. Thola ukuthi ukufakelwa kwesibindi kwenziwa kanjani.

5. Umdlavuza

Umdlavuza wesibindi wuhlobo lwesimila esibuhlungu okuthi uma sisekuqaleni singabi nazimpawu, kepha njengoba isifo siqhubeka, izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu esiswini, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuvuvukala esiswini noma esikhumbeni namehlo aphuzi, isibonelo, futhi ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Funda ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibindi.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungabangelwa umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesibindi, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuqina kwesibindi, isifo sokusha kwesibindi noma amakhemikhali afana ne-vinyl chloride noma i-arsenic.

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sesibindi esiku-inthanethi

Ukuthola ukuthi ungaba yini nesifo sesibindi, hlola ukuthi uzizwa kanjani:

1. 1. Ingabe uzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungahambi kahle engxenyeni engakwesokudla esiswini sakho?
2. 2. Ingabe uzizwa ugula noma unesiyezi njalo?
3. 3. Ingabe uphathwa yikhanda kaningi?
4. 4. Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele kalula?
5. 5. Unamabala amaningana ansomi esikhunjeni sakho?
6. 6. Ngabe amehlo noma isikhumba sakho siphuzi?
7. 7. Ngabe umchamo wakho umnyama?
8. 8. Wake wazizwa uswele ukudla?
9. 9. Ingabe indle yakho iphuzi, mpunga noma imhlophe?
10. 10. Ngabe uyezwa ukuthi isisu sakho sivuvukile?
11. 11. Ingabe uzizwa ulunywa emzimbeni wonke?

Uzoya nini kudokotela

Ezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthi isifo sesibindi zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zifaka:

• Isikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo;
• Ubuhlungu esiswini;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ukulunywa komzimba;
• Ukuvuvukala esiswini;
• Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza ngegazi;
• Ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla okulula;
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla noma ukunciphisa umzimba;
• Umchamo omnyama;
• Izitulo ezikhanyayo noma ezimhlophe;
• Imfiva;
• Ukuvela kwemivimbo noma imihuzuko emzimbeni.

Kulezi zimo, udokotela anga-oda ukuhlolwa okufana negazi noma i-imaging, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhomba isifo bese encoma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu.