Umkhuhlane waseSpain: kwakuyini, izimpawu nakho konke mayelana nobhadane lwango-1918

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Imbangela nefomu lokudlulisela
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuvinjelwa komkhuhlane waseSpain

Umkhuhlane waseSpain wawuyisifo esadalwa ukushintsha kwegciwane lomkhuhlane elaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50, elathinta bonke abantu emhlabeni phakathi konyaka we-1918 nowe-1920, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ekuqaleni, umkhuhlane waseSpain wavela kuphela eYurophu naseMelika, kepha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wasabalala emhlabeni wonke, wathinta i-India, i-Southeast Asia, iJapan, iChina, i-Central America kanye neBrazil, lapho yabulala khona abantu abangaphezulu kuka-10 000. eRio de Janeiro kwathi ezingu-2 000 eSão Paulo.

Umkhuhlane waseSpain wawungenalo ikhambi, kodwa lesi sifo sanyamalala phakathi kokuphela kuka-1919 nasekuqaleni kuka-1920, futhi azisabikwa izigameko zesifo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Igciwane lomkhuhlane waseSpain lalinamandla okuthinta izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, okungukuthi, lingadala izimpawu lapho lifinyelela ezinhlelweni zokuphefumula, zemizwa, zokugaya ukudla, zezinso noma zokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu eziyinhloko zomkhuhlane waseSpain zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga;
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu;
• Ukuqwasha;
• Imfiva engaphezu kuka-38º;
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile;
• Kunzima ukuphefumula;
• Ukuzwa ukuphefumula okuncane;
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-larynx, pharynx, trachea ne-bronchi;
• Inyumoniya;
• Ubuhlungu besisu;
• Khulisa noma wehlise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo;
• I-Proteinuria, okungukunyuka kokuhlushwa kwamaprotheni emchameni;
• I-Nephritis.

Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa okuqala kwezimpawu, iziguli ezinomkhuhlane waseSpain zingaba namabala ansundu ebusweni bazo, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhwehlela igazi nokopha emakhaleni nasezindlebeni.

Imbangela nefomu lokudlulisela

Umkhuhlane waseSpain wabangelwa ukuguquka okungahleliwe kwegciwane lomkhuhlane okwadala igciwane le-H1N1.

Leli gciwane ladluliswa kalula lisuka kumuntu liya komunye ngokuthintana ngqo, ukukhwehlela ngisho nasemoyeni, ikakhulu ngenxa yezinhlelo zezempilo zamazwe amaningi ezazintula futhi zihlushwa izingxabano zeMpi Enkulu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane waseSpain akutholakalanga, futhi bekunconywa kuphela ukuphumula nokugcina umsoco owanele kanye ne-hydration. Ngakho-ke, zimbalwa iziguli ezelaphekayo, kuya ngesistimu yazo yokuzivikela.

Njengoba wawungekho umuthi wokugoma ngaleso sikhathi olwa negciwane, ukwelashwa kwakwenziwa ukulwa nezimpawu futhi kwakuvame ukunikezwa udokotela i-aspirin, okuyi-anti-inflammatory esetshenziselwa ukudambisa izinhlungu nokunciphisa umkhuhlane.

Ukuguqulwa kwegciwane lomkhuhlane elijwayelekile lango-1918 kuyafana nalokho okwavela ezimweni zomkhuhlane wezinyoni (H5N1) noma umkhuhlane wezingulube (H1N1). Kulezi zimo, njengoba bekungelula ukukhomba umzimba obangela lesi sifo, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, okwenza lesi sifo sibulale ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuvinjelwa komkhuhlane waseSpain

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudluliswa kwegciwane lomkhuhlane waseSpain kwanconywa ukuthi kugwenywe ukuba sezindaweni zomphakathi nabantu abaningi, njengaseshashalazini noma ezikoleni, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amanye amadolobha ashiywa.

Kulezi zinsuku indlela engcono yokuvimbela umkhuhlane ngukugoma unyaka nonyaka, ngoba amagciwane ashintshana ngokungahleliwe unyaka wonke ukuze aphile. Ngaphezu komuthi wokugoma, kunemithi elwa namagciwane, eyavela ngo-1928, futhi engabekwa ngudokotela ukuvimbela ukuvela kokutheleleka kwamagciwane ngemuva komkhuhlane.

Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema izindawo eziminyene kakhulu, njengoba igciwane lomkhuhlane lingadlula lisuke kumuntu liye kumuntu kalula. Nakhu ukuvimbela umkhuhlane.

Buka le vidiyo elandelayo futhi uqonde ukuthi ubhadane lungavela kanjani nokuthi ungaluvimbela kanjani ukuthi lungenzeki: