I-Hantavirus: kuyini, izimpawu nokuthi ungakwelapha kanjani ukutheleleka nge-Hantavirus

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Imodi yokudlulisa
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ungayivimbela kanjani i-hantavirus

I-Hantavirus yisifo esibi esithathelwanayo esidluliswa yi-Hantavirus, okuyigciwane lomndeni Bunyaviridae futhi lokho kungatholakala endleni, emchameni nasematheni amanye amagundane, ikakhulukazi amagundane asendle.

Isikhathi esiningi, ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuhogela izinhlayiya zegciwane ezimiswe emoyeni, okuholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu cishe emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuthintana naleli gciwane. Izimpawu nezimpawu zokungenwa yilesi sifo umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, ikhanda elibuhlungu nobuhlungu emzimbeni, ngaphezu kokubandakanyeka kwamaphaphu, inhliziyo noma izinso, okungaba kubi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, uma kusolwa ukutheleleka nge-hantavirus, kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu aye esibhedlela ayokwenza ukuxilongwa futhi aqale ukwelashwa, okwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezisekelayo, ngoba alukho umuthi othize. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa nokuthi kwamukelwe amasu okuvikela lesi sifo, kugwenywe ukugcina imfucumfucu engavikela amagundane endlini, igweme uthuli ezindaweni ezivaliwe futhi ezingavikela amagundane futhi zigcine ukudla okugcinwe ngendlela engeke kungcoliswe amagundane.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka nge-hantavirus zingavela phakathi kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingama-60 (ngokwesilinganiso amasonto ama-2) ngemuva kokutheleleka, ngomkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bemisipha, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza noma ubuhlungu besisu. Lesi simo sokuqala asicacile futhi kunzima ukusihlukanisa nezinye izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, udenga noma i-leptospirosis.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala, kujwayelekile ukuthi ukusebenza kwezinye izitho kuyekethise, okukhombisa ukuthi igciwane liyasabalala kanti nesifo sesivele sisesigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona:

• IHantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (SCPH), lapho kuvela khona izimpawu zokuphefumula, ngokukhwehlela, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela esinamafinyila kanye negazi nokuphefumula okuncane, okungadlulela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula ngenxa yokuqongelela uketshezi emaphashini, kwehle umfutho wegazi nokuwa kwegazi;
• Umkhuhlane Wokopha Nge-Renal Syndrome (FHSR), lapho lesi sifo singaholela ekusebenzeni kwezinso okhubazekile, ngokuncipha kokukhiqizwa komchamo, okubizwa nge-oliguria, ukuqongelela kwe-urea egazini, ukulimaza kanye ne-petechiae emzimbeni, ingozi yokopha nokwehluleka kokusebenza kwezitho ezithile.

Ukubuyiselwa emuva kungenzeka kakhulu lapho umuntu enokwelashwa okufanele esibhedlela, okungahlala ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-60, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-sequelae anjengokwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme wempilo angahlala.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hantavirus kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri ukuze kutholwe amasosha omzimba alwa negciwane noma i-genome yegciwane, eqinisekisa ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela ngemikhuba yokuphila, noma ngabe kuke kwaxhumana namagundane noma ngabe ubusendaweni engathi yonakaliswe kakhulu.

Imodi yokudlulisa

Indlela eyinhloko yokudluliswa kwe-hantavirus kungukuhogela izinhlayiya zegciwane ezisuswa emvelweni ngomchamo nendle yamagundane anegciwane, futhi lokho kungamiswa emoyeni kanye nothuli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokungcola ngokuthintana kwaleli gciwane ngamanxeba esikhunjeni noma ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi noma ukudla okungcolile, ukukhohliswa kwamagundane elabhorethri noma ngokulunywa kwegundane, kepha lokhu kungaphezulu akuvamile ukwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokungenwa yilesi sifo yilabo abasebenza ekuhlanzeni izhede nezinqolobane ezingakwazi ukufaka amagundane nasezindaweni zokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, abantu abavame ukuthenga izitolo zokudla noma abantu abakha ikamu noma abahamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni zasendle.

EBrazil, izifunda ezithinteka kakhulu yi-hantavirus yiNingizimu, Southeast kanye neMidwest, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezixhunywe nezolimo, yize kungahle kube nokungcola kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-hantavirus ukulawula izimpawu zesifo, futhi awukho umuthi othize wokulawula igciwane. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela futhi, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ngisho nasezakhiweni zokunakekelwa kwabagula kakhulu (ICU).

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukusekela amandla okuphefumula, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-cardiopulmonary syndrome, ngaphezu kokulawulwa komsebenzi wezinso neminye imininingwane ebalulekile, kwezinye izimo kungadingeka ukwenza i-hemodialysis noma ukuphefumula ngamadivayisi.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-hantavirus

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirus kunconywa:

• Gcina indawo ezungeze indlu ihlanzekile futhi ingenawo uhlaza nemfucumfucu engase ibe namagundane;
• Gwema izindawo zokushanela noma zothuli ezingaba zokuwela amagundane, uncamela ukusula ngendwangu emanzi;
• Lapho ungena ezindaweni esezihlale zivaliwe isikhathi eside, zama ukuvula amawindi neminyango ukuze kungene umoya nokukhanya ngaphakathi;
• Hlala ugcina ukudla kugcinwe kahle futhi kungafinyeleleki kumagundane;
• Geza izinto zasekhishini ezigcinwe isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uhlanze kahle izandla zakho nokudla ngaphambi kokudla, ngoba kungaqukatha izinhlayiya zegciwane. Nakhu ukuthi ungageza kanjani izandla zakho ngokubuka ividiyo elandelayo: