Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa

-Delile

• Yini Ebangela Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?
• Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa Okusebenzayo
• Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa Okuzwela (SNHL)
• Izifo
• Imithi ye-Ototoxic
• Ukulahlekelwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kokuzwa
• Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?
• Yiziphi Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zokulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?
• Yiziphi izingqinamba ezihambisana nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa?
• Ngingakuvimbela Kanjani Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa?

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kulapho ungakwazi ukwezwa kancane noma ngokuphelele ukuzwa umsindo endlebeni yakho eyodwa noma kuzo zombili. Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. INational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) ibika ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-25 alabo abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-74 abahlangabezana nokungezwa.

Amanye amagama wokulahlekelwa ukuzwa yilawa:

• ukuncipha kokuzwa
• ukungezwa
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• ukulahleka kokuzwa okusebenzayo

Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zendlebe yindlebe yangaphandle, indlebe ephakathi, nendlebe yangaphakathi. Ukuzwa kuqala lapho amagagasi omsindo edlula endlebeni engaphandle eya eardrum, okulucezu lwesikhumba oluncane phakathi kwendlebe yakho yangaphandle nengaphakathi. Lapho amagagasi omsindo efika eardrum, indlebe iyanyakaza.

Amathambo amathathu endlebe ephakathi abizwa ngama-ossicles. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isando, isembozo, nesirufu. I-eardrum ne-ossicles zisebenza ndawonye ukukhulisa ukudlidliza njengoba amagagasi omsindo eqhubekela phambili endlebeni yangaphakathi.

Lapho amagagasi omsindo efinyelela endlebeni yangaphakathi, ahamba phakathi koketshezi lwe-cochlea. I-cochlea iyisakhiwo esimise okomnenke endlebeni yangaphakathi. Ku-cochlea, kunamaseli ezinzwa anezinkulungwane zezinwele ezincane ezinamathiselwe kuwo. Lezi zinwele zisiza ukuguqula ukudlidliza kwamagagasi omsindo kube amasiginali kagesi abese eya ebuchosheni bakho. Ingqondo yakho ihumusha lezi zimpawu zikagesi njengomsindo. Ukudlidliza kwemisindo ehlukile kudala ukusabela okuhlukile kulezi zinwele ezincane, kukhombisa imisindo ehlukene ebuchosheni bakho.

Yini Ebangela Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?

I-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) ibika ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokulahleka kokuzwa, ngayinye ebangelwa yizici ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi. Izimbangela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zokwehla kwezindlebe ukulahleka kokuzwa, ukuzwa kwezinzwa (SNHL), nokulahleka kokuzwa okuxubile.

Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa Okusebenzayo

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okwenzekayo kwenzeka lapho imisindo ingakwazi ukuhamba isuka endlebeni engaphandle iye eardrum nasemathanjeni endlebe ephakathi. Lapho lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa lwenzeka, ungakuthola kunzima ukuzwa imisindo ethambile noma engavumelani. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubekekayo akuhlali njalo. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kungayelapha. Ukwelashwa kungafaka ama-antibiotic noma ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, njengokufakwa kwe-cochlear. Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear umshini omncane kagesi obekwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho ngemuva kwendlebe. Ihumusha ukudlidliza kwemisindo ibe amasiginali kagesi ubuchopho bakho obungakwazi ukuwuhumusha njengomsindo onengqondo.

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okusebenzayo kungaba umphumela we:

• izifo zendlebe
• komzimba
• indlebe yokubhukuda
• inqwaba yengcina endlebeni

Into yangaphandle eye yabambeka endlebeni, izicubu ezinobungozi noma isibazi somsele wezindlebe ngenxa yokutheleleka okuphindaphindwayo konke kungaba yizimbangela zokulahleka kokuzwa.

Ukulahlekelwa Kokuzwa Okuzwela (SNHL)

I-SNHL yenzeka lapho kukhona umonakalo ezakhiweni zendlebe zangaphakathi noma ezindleleni zemizwa eziya ebuchosheni. Lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa luhlala luhlala njalo. I-SNHL yenza imisindo ehlukile, ejwayelekile, noma ephezulu ibonakale ingavumelani noma ingacaci.

I-SNHL ingavela ku:

• ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuguqula ukwakheka kwendlebe
• ukuguga
• ukusebenza ngokuzungeza umsindo omkhulu
• ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda noma kogebhezi
• Isifo sikaMeniere, okuyisiphazamiso sendlebe yangaphakathi engathinta ukuzwa nokulinganisela.
• i-acoustic neuroma, okuyisigaxa esingenasifo esikhula emsipheni oxhumanisa indlebe nobuchopho obubizwa nge- “vestibular cochlear nerve”

Izifo

Ukutheleleka okufana nalokhu kungalimaza nezinzwa zendlebe futhi kuholele ku-SNHL:

• isimungumungwane
• meningitis
• mumps
• imfiva ebomvu

Imithi ye-Ototoxic

Eminye imithi, ebizwa ngemithi ye-ototoxic, nayo ingadala iSNHL. Ngokusho kwe-ASHA, kunemithi engaphezu kuka-200 etafuleni kanye nemithi kadokotela engadala ukulahleka kokuzwa. Uma uthatha imishanguzo yomdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, noma ukutheleleka okungathi sína, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zokuzwa ezihilelekile kulowo nalowo.

Ukulahlekelwa Okuhlanganisiwe Kokuzwa

Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuxubile nakho kungenzeka. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kokubili ukulahleka kokuzwa okuqhubayo kanye ne-SNHL kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kuvame ukuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni, ungahle ungaboni ushintsho ezindlebeni zakho. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho:

• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuthikameza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuba kubi kakhulu noma okungapheli
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kubi kakhulu endlebeni eyodwa
• ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungazelelwe
• kukhala endlebeni
• ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezindlebe
• ukuba nobuhlungu bendlebe kanye nezinkinga zokuzwa
• ikhanda
• ukuba ndikindiki
• ubuthakathaka

Kufanele ufune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma uhlaselwa yikhanda, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ubuthakathaka kanye nokunye okulandelayo:

• Ukugodola
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• ukuqina kwentamo
• ukuhlanza
• ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo

Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngezimo ezisongela impilo ezifuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha, njenge-meningitis.

Yiziphi Izinketho Zokwelashwa Zokulahlekelwa Kokuzwa?

Uma uba nokulahleka kokuzwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-wax emseleni wezindlebe, ungasusa i-wax ekhaya. Izixazululo zasesitolo, kufaka phakathi izithambisi ze-wax, zingasusa i-wax endlebeni. Amasirinji nawo angadudula amanzi afudumele ngomsele wendlebe ukususa i-wax. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa noma iyiphi into enamathele endlebeni yakho ukuze ugweme ukulimaza indlebe yakho ungahlosile.

Ngezinye izimbangela zokulahleka kokuzwa, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho. Uma ukulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa kungumphumela wokutheleleka, udokotela wakho kungadingeka ukuthi akunikeze ama-antibiotic. Uma ukulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa kungenxa yezinye izinkinga zokuzwa, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe ukuze athole usizo lokuzwa noma ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear.

Yiziphi izingqinamba ezihambisana nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa?

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kunomthelela omubi ezingeni labantu lokuphila nesimo sabo sengqondo. Uma uba nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ungaba nobunzima bokuqonda abanye. Lokhu kungakhuphula izinga lokukhathazeka kwakho noma kubangele ukudangala. Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungayithuthukisa impilo yakho kakhulu. Kungabuyisa ukuzethemba ngenkathi futhi kuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokuxhumana nabanye abantu.

Ngingakuvimbela Kanjani Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa?

Akuwona wonke amacala okulahleka kokuzwa angavikeleka. Kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukuvikela ukuzwa kwakho:

• Sebenzisa izinto zokuphepha uma usebenza ezindaweni ezinomsindo omkhulu, futhi ufake okokufaka izindlebe lapho ubhukuda futhi uya emakhonsathini. INational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders ibika ukuthi amaphesenti ayi-15 abantu abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-69 babhekana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa ngenxa yomsindo omkhulu.
• Yenza izivivinyo zokuzwa njalo uma usebenza ngomsindo omkhulu, ubhukuda kaningi, noma uya kumakhonsathi njalo.
• Gwema ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emisindweni nasemculweni.
• Funa usizo lokutheleleka ezindlebeni. Kungadala ukulimala unomphela endlebeni uma kuyekwa kungalashwa.