Isifo senhliziyo

-Delile

• Buyekeza kwe-

Owesifazane oyedwa kwabane baseMelika ubulawa yisifo senhliziyo minyaka yonke. Ngo-2004, cishe abesifazane abangamaphesenti angama-60 babulawa yisifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi (kokubili isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi) ukwedlula wonke umdlavuza uhlanganisiwe. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi manje ukuvimbela izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini

Isifo senhliziyo sihlanganisa izinkinga eziningi ezithinta inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni. Izinhlobo zesifo senhliziyo zihlanganisa:

• Isifo se-coronary artery (I-CAD) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi luyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Uma une-CAD, imithambo yakho iyaqina futhi ibe mincane. Igazi likuthola kunzima ukufika enhliziyweni, ngakho inhliziyo ayilitholi lonke igazi elidingayo. I-CAD ingaholela ku:
• AnginaUbuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle okwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ingalitholi igazi elanele. Kungazwakala njengokucindezelwa noma ukucindezelwa kobuhlungu, imvamisa esifubeni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu busemahlombe, izingalo, intamo, umhlathi, noma emuva. Kungazwakala futhi njengokugaya (isisu esicasukile). U-Angina akusona isifo senhliziyo, kodwa ukuba ne-angina kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwe yinhliziyo.
• Isifo senhliziyo--kwenzeka lapho umthambo uvaleke kakhulu noma uvaleke ngokuphelele, futhi inhliziyo ingalitholi igazi elidingayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-20.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukumpompa igazi ngomzimba ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izitho, ezijwayele ukuthola igazi enhliziyweni, azilitholi igazi elanele. Akusho ukuthi inhliziyo iyama. Izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo zifaka:
• Ukuphefumula okuncane (uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele)
• Ukuvuvukala izinyawo, amaqakala nemilenze
• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo izinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo. Abantu abaningi baye bazizwa benesiyezi, baquleke, bephelelwa umoya noma baba nezinhlungu esifubeni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinguquko ekushayeni kwenhliziyo azinabungozi. Njengoba ukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi ube ne-arrhythmias. Ungethuki uma unokushaywa okumbalwa noma uma inhliziyo yakho igijima kanye ngesikhathi. Kepha uma unama-flutters nezinye izimpawu ezifana nesiyezi noma ukuphefumula okuncane, shayela u-911 khona manjalo.

Izimpawu

Isifo senhliziyo ngokuvamile asinazo izimpawu. Kodwa, kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele uziqaphele:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingalo noma ukungakhululeki kungaba uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo kanye nesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya (uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele)
• Isiyezi
• I-nausea (ukuzizwa ugula esiswini sakho)
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele kakhulu

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unesinye salezi zimpawu. Tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi ukhathazekile ngenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha, enze ukuhlolwa komzimba, futhi anga-oda izivivinyo.

Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo

Kwabesifazane nabesilisa, uphawu oluvame kakhulu lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle maphakathi nesifuba. Ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle kungaba mnene noma kuqine. Ingahlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, noma ingasuka ibuye.

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu noma ukungahambi kahle engalweni eyodwa noma zombili, emuva, entanyeni, emhlathini noma esiswini
• Ukuphefumula (ukuzwa sengathi awukwazi ukuthola umoya owanele). Ukuphefumula okufushane kuvame ukuvela ngaphambi noma kanye nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki.
• I-nausea (ukuzizwa ugula esiswini sakho) noma ukuhlanza
• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla noma u-woozy
• Ejuluke emakhazeni

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda okuba nalezi ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi ukuphefumula, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu emhlane, entanyeni noma emihlathini. Abesifazane nabo banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ezingavamile kakhulu zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:

• Isilungulela
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukukhwehlela
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngamandla

Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo zenzeka ngokuzumayo, kepha zingakhula kancane, ngaphezulu kwamahora, izinsuku, ngisho namasonto ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Lapho izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo zanda, maningi amathuba okuthi uhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Futhi, uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, yazi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zingase zingafani kwesinye.Noma ungaqiniseki ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo, kufanele usayihlola.

Ngubani osengozini?

Lapho owesifazane eba mdala, maningi amathuba okuthi athole isifo senhliziyo. Kepha abesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka kufanele bakhathazeke ngesifo senhliziyo futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokusivikela.

Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kepha abesifazane abaningi abahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo bayabulawa yibo. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukulimala kwenhliziyo kepha kufanele kunikezwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokuqala kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Okufanelekile, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale kungakapheli ihora elilodwa lezimpawu zokuqala. Izinto ezandisa ubungozi zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni (Uma ubaba wakho noma umfowenu ehlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-55, noma uma umama noma udadewenu abenaso ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nesifo senhliziyo.)
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Isifo sikashukela
• Ukuba yi-African American kanye ne-Hispanic American / Latina

Indima yomfutho wegazi ophakeme

Umfutho wegazi ngamandla egazi lakho awenzayo ezindongeni zemithambo yakho. Umfutho uphakeme kakhulu lapho inhliziyo yakho iphampa igazi emithanjeni yakho—lapho ishaya. Kuyinto ephansi kakhulu phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ikhululeka. Udokotela noma unesi uzoqopha umfutho wegazi lakho njengenombolo ephezulu kunenombolo ephansi. Ukufundwa komfutho wegazi ongaphansi kuka-120/80 ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu (ongaphansi kuka-90/60) kwesinye isikhathi ungaba imbangela yokukhathazeka futhi kufanele uhlolwe ngudokotela.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-hypertension, ukufundwa komfutho wegazi ongu-140/90 noma ngaphezulu. Iminyaka yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ingalimaza izindonga zomthambo, zibangele ukuba ziqine futhi zibe mincane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukuthola igazi elidinga ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungadala isifo senhliziyo.

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngo-120/80 kuya ku-139/89 kubhekwa njenge-pre-hypertension. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awunayo ingcindezi ephezulu yegazi manje kepha kungenzeka ukuthi uyithuthukise ngokuzayo.

Indima yecholesterol ephezulu

I-Cholesterol iyingcina etholakala kumaseli kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Lapho kune-cholesterol eningi egazini lakho, i-cholesterol ingakha ezindongeni zemithambo yakho futhi ibangele amahlule egazi. I-cholesterol ingavimba imithambo yegazi futhi igcine inhliziyo yakho ingalitholi igazi eliyidingayo. Lokhu kungadala isifo senhliziyo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cholesterol:

• I-Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo "olubi" lwe-cholesterol ngoba ingavimba imithambo ehambisa igazi liye enhliziyweni yakho. Kwi-LDL, izinombolo eziphansi zingcono.
• I-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) yaziwa njenge-cholesterol "enhle" ngoba ikhipha i-cholesterol embi egazini lakho futhi iyigcine ingakhi emithanjeni yakho. Kwi-HDL, izinombolo eziphakeme zingcono.

Bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu kufanele bahlole amazinga abo e-cholesterol egazini kanye ne-triglyceride okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-5.

Ukuqonda izinombolo

Izinga le-cholesterol ephelele-Lower ingcono.

Ngaphansi kuka-200 mg / dL - Kuyadingeka

200 - 239 mg/dL – I-Borderline High

240 mg / dL nangaphezulu - Phezulu

I-cholesterol ye-LDL (embi) - I-Lower ingcono.

Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL - Okulungile

I-100-129 mg / dL - Eduzane kahle / ngaphezulu kokulungile

130-159 mg/dL - Umngcele ophezulu

160-189 mg / dL - Ephakeme

190 mg / dL nangaphezulu - Kuphezulu kakhulu

I-cholesterol ye-HDL (enhle) - Okuphakeme kungcono. Ngaphezu kuka-60 mg/dL kungcono kakhulu.

Amazinga e-Triglyceride - I-Lower ingcono. Ngaphansi kuka-150mg/dL kungcono kakhulu.

Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha

Ukuphuza amaphilisi okulawula inzalo (noma isiqephu) ngokuvamile kuphephile kwabesifazane abasebasha, abaphile kahle uma bengabhemi. Kodwa amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa angabangela ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kwabanye besifazane, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abadala kuneminyaka engama-35; abesifazane abane-high blood pressure, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu; nabesifazane ababhemayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo mayelana nephilisi.

Uma uthatha amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa, bheka izimpawu zenkinga, ezihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zamehlo njengokufiphala noma ukubona kabili
• Ubuhlungu obungaphezulu komzimba noma engalweni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Izinkinga ukuphefumula
• Ukuchitha igazi
• Ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu emlenzeni
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo
• Izigaxa zamabele
• Ukuphuma kwegazi okunzima okungajwayelekile (hhayi okujwayelekile) okuphuma esithweni sakho sangasese

Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukubona ukuthi ubungozi bamahlule egazi bungaphezulu yini kubasebenzisi be-patch. Amahlule egazi angaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma kohlangothi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo mayelana nepheshi.

I-Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT)

I-Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) ingasiza kwezinye izimpawu zokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, kufaka phakathi ukushisa okushisayo, ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo, nokulahleka kwamathambo, kepha kukhona nezingozi. Kwabanye besifazane, ukuthatha ama-hormone kunganyusa amathuba abo okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa amahomoni, wasebenzise ngethamo eliphansi elisiza ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu esidingekayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo mayelana ne-MHT.

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) ngokuya nge:

• Imilando yakho yezempilo nomndeni
• Izici zakho zobungozi
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga nezinqubo

Akukho ukuhlola okukodwa okungaxilonga i-CAD. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi une-CAD, cishe uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:

I-EKG (Electrocardiogram)

I-EKG isivivinyo esilula esithola futhi siqophe umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho. I-EKG ikhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi inesigqi esijwayelekile yini. Kubonisa namandla nesikhathi sesiginali kagesi njengoba idlula engxenyeni ngayinye yenhliziyo yakho.

Amaphethini athile kagesi atholwa yi-EKG angakhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini i-CAD. I-EKG nayo ingakhombisa izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esedlule noma samanje.

Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, uzivocavoca ukwenza inhliziyo yakho isebenze kanzima futhi ishaye ngokushesha ngenkathi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo. Uma ungakwazi ukuzivocavoca, unikezwa umuthi wokusheshisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

Lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha futhi isebenza kanzima, idinga igazi eliningi nomoya-mpilo. Imithambo enwetshwe yi-plaque ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngegazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo elanele ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zenhliziyo yakho. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kungabonisa izimpawu ezingaba khona ze-CAD, njenge:

• Izinguquko ezingavamile ekushayeni kwenhliziyo yakho noma umfutho wegazi
• Izimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izinguquko ezingajwayelekile kusigqi senhliziyo yakho noma umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi, uma ungeke ukwazi ukuzivocavoca isikhathi eside njengokuthathwa njengokujwayelekile kumuntu oseminyakeni yakho, kungaba uphawu lokuthi alinalo igazi elanele eligelezela enhliziyweni yakho. Kodwa ezinye izici ngaphandle kwe-CAD zingakuvimbela ekuzilolongeni isikhathi eside ngokwanele (ngokwesibonelo, izifo zamaphaphu, i-anemia, noma ukungagculiseki okuvamile).

Ezinye izivivinyo zokucindezeleka zisebenzisa idayi enemisebe, amaza omsindo, i-positron emission tomography (PET), noma i-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo yakho lapho isebenza kanzima nalapho iphumule.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwezithombe kungabonisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza kahle kangakanani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zenhliziyo yakho. Futhi zingakhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho ilimpompa kanjani igazi uma ishaya.

I-Echocardiography

Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala isithombe esihambayo senhliziyo yakho. I-Echocardiography inikeza ulwazi mayelana nosayizi nokuma kwenhliziyo yakho nokuthi amagumbi enhliziyo yakho namavalvu asebenza kahle kangakanani.

Isivivinyo futhi singakhomba izindawo zokugeleza kwegazi okungahambi kahle kuye enhliziyweni, izindawo zemisipha yenhliziyo ezingangeneki ngokujwayelekile, nokulimala kwangaphambilini emisipheni yenhliziyo ebangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okungalungile.

I-X-ray yesifuba

I-x-ray yesifuba ithatha isithombe sezitho nezakhiwo ngaphakathi kwesifuba, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo, amaphaphu nemithambo yegazi. Ingabonisa izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu nezinye izimbangela zezimpawu ezingekho ngenxa ye-CAD.

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubheka amazinga amanoni athile, i-cholesterol, ushukela, namaprotheni egazini lakho. Amazinga angavamile angase abonise ukuthi unezici zobungozi ze-CAD.

I-Electron-Beam Computed Tomography

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT). Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthola futhi kukala amadiphozithi e-calcium (abizwa ngokuthi ama-calcification) ngaphakathi nasemithanjeni ye-coronary. Lapho kutholakala i-calcium kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuthi ube ne-CAD.

I-EBCT ayisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-CAD, ngoba ukunemba kwayo akukaziwa.

I-Coronary Angiography kanye ne-Cardiac Catheterization

Udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ube ne-coronary angiography uma ezinye izivivinyo noma izici zibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ube ne-CAD. Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa udayi nama-x-reyi akhethekile ukukhombisa ingaphakathi lemithambo yakho yenhliziyo.

Ukuze uthole udayi emithanjeni yakho yenhliziyo, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-cardiac catheterization. Ishubhu elide, elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter lifakwa emthanjeni wegazi engalweni yakho, emgodini (ethangeni eliphezulu), noma entanyeni. Ishubhu liyabe selifakwa emithanjeni yakho yenhliziyo, bese udayi uphuma ungene egazini lakho. Imisebe ekhethekile ye-x iyathathwa ngenkathi udayi ugeleza emithanjeni yakho yenhliziyo.

I-catheterization yenhliziyo ivame ukwenziwa esibhedlela. Uphapheme phakathi nenqubo. Ngokuvamile kubangela ubuhlungu obuncane, nakuba ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuthile emithanjeni yegazi lapho udokotela wakho ebeka khona i-catheter.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-coronary artery disease (CAD) kungase kuhlanganise ukushintsha indlela yokuphila, imithi, nezinqubo zokwelapha. Izinhloso zokwelashwa uku:

• Yehlisa izimpawu
• Nciphisa izinto ezinobungozi ngomzamo wokunciphisa, ukumisa, noma ukubuyisela emuva ucezu lokwakhiwa
• Yehlisa ubungozi bokwakheka kwamahlule egazi, okungadala isifo senhliziyo
• Nweba noma dlula imithambo evalekile
• Vimbela izinkinga ze-CAD

Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila

Ukwenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezihlanganisa uhlelo lokudla okunempilo, ukungabhemi, ukunciphisa utshwala, ukuvivinya umzimba nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokuvamile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ukwelapha i-CAD. Kwabanye abantu, lezi zinguquko zingaba ukuphela kokwelashwa okudingekayo.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi "isisusa" esivame ukubikwa sokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngumcimbi ocasula kakhulu emoyeni ikakhulukazi lowo obandakanya ulaka. Kodwa ezinye zezindlela abantu ababhekana ngazo nokucindezeleka, njengokuphuza, ukubhema, noma ukudla ngokweqile, azinayo inhliziyo enempilo.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka futhi kunciphise ezinye izinto eziyingozi ze-CAD. Abantu abaningi futhi bathola ukuthi ukuzindla noma ukwelapha ukuphumula kuyabasiza behlise ukucindezeleka.

Imithi

Ungadinga imithi yokwelapha i-CAD uma izinguquko kwindlela yokuphila zinganele. Imithi inga:

• Nciphisa umthwalo enhliziyweni yakho futhi unciphise izimpawu ze-CAD
• Yehlisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma ukufa ngokuzumayo
• Yehlisa i-cholesterol yakho nomfutho wegazi
• Vimbela amahlule egazi
• Vimbela noma ubambezele isidingo senqubo ekhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, i-angioplasty noma i-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG))

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-CAD ifaka ama-anticoagulants, i-aspirin neminye imishanguzo yama-antiplatelet, i-ACE inhibitors, i-beta blockers, i-calcium channel blockers, i-nitroglycerin, i-glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, ama-statins, ne-oyili yezinhlanzi nezinye izithasiselo ezinama-omega-3 fatty acids amaningi.

Izinqubo Zezokwelapha

Ungase udinge inqubo yezokwelapha ukuze welaphe i-CAD. Kokubili i-angioplasty ne-CABG kusetshenziswa njengezindlela zokwelapha.

• I-Angioplasty ivula imithambo yenhliziyo evalekile noma imincane. Ngesikhathi se-angioplasty, ishubhu elincanyana elinebhaluni noma enye into ekugcineni lifakwa ngomthambo wegazi liye emthanjeni we-coronary omncane noma ovinjiwe. Uma selingenile, ibhaluni liyafuthwa ukuze liphushele uqwembe odongeni lomthambo. Lokhu kunweba umthambo futhi kubuyise ukuphuma kwegazi.
  
  I-Angioplasty ingakhuphula ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni yakho, ikhulule izinhlungu zesifuba, futhi mhlawumbe ivikele nesifo senhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi ishubhu elincane elinezikhala elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent lifakwa emithanjeni ukuze lihlale livuliwe ngemva kwenqubo.

• Ku I-CABG, imithambo yegazi noma imithambo evela kwezinye izindawo emzimbeni wakho isetshenziselwa ukweqa (okungukuthi, ukuzungeza) imithambo yegazi yakho enciphile. I-CABG ingakhuphula ukugeleza kwegazi kuye enhliziyweni yakho, ikhulule izinhlungu zesifuba, futhi mhlawumbe ivikele nesifo senhliziyo.

Wena kanye nodokotela wakho nizonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuvimbela

Unganciphisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo senhliziyo ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo:

• Yazi umfutho wegazi lakho. Iminyaka yomfutho wegazi ophakeme ingaholela esifweni senhliziyo. Abantu abanengcindezi ephezulu yegazi kaningi abanazo izimpawu, ngakho-ke nomfutho wegazi wakho uhlolwe njalo eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwengu-2 bese uthola ukwelashwa uma uyidinga.
• Ungabhemi. Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka. Uma unenkinga yokuyeka, buza udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngama-nicotine patches nezinsini noma eminye imikhiqizo nezinhlelo ezingakusiza uyeke.

• Zihlolele isifo sikashukela. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela bane-glucose ephezulu yegazi (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ushukela wegazi). Imvamisa, azinazo izimpawu, ngakho-ke ne-glucose yegazi lakho ihlolwe njalo. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela kukhulisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo senhliziyo. Uma unesifo sikashukela, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uyawadinga yini amaphilisi esifo sikashukela noma ama-insulin shots. Udokotela wakho angakusiza nokuthi wakhe uhlelo lokudla nokuvivinya umzimba okunempilo.
• Thola amazinga akho e-cholesterol ne-triglyceride ahlolwe. I-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi ingavimba imithambo yakho futhi igcine inhliziyo yakho ingalitholi igazi eliyidingayo. Lokhu kungabangela isifo senhliziyo. Amazinga aphezulu e-triglycerides, uhlobo lwamafutha ekusakazeni kwegazi lakho, axhumene nesifo senhliziyo kwabanye abantu. Abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi noma i-triglycerides ephezulu egazini bavame ukungabi nazimpawu, ngakho womabili amazinga kufanele ahlolwe njalo. Uma amazinga akho ephezulu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze wehlise. Ungakwazi ukwehlisa kokubili ngokudla kangcono nokuzivocavoca umzimba ngaphezulu. (Ukuvivinya umzimba kungasiza ekwehliseni i-LDL futhi kukhuphule i-HDL.) Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi yokusiza ekwehliseni i-cholesterol yakho.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuphakamisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Bala i-Body Mass Index (BMI) yakho ukubona ukuthi isisindo esinempilo yini. Ukukhetha ukudla okunempilo nokusebenza ngokomzimba kubalulekile ukuze uhlale unesisindo esinempilo:
• Qala ngokungeza izithelo ezengeziwe, imifino, nokusanhlamvu ekudleni kwakho.
• Isonto ngalinye, phokophela ukuthola okungenani amahora ama-2 nemizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokulingene, ihora eli-1 nemizuzu eyi-15 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngamandla, noma inhlanganisela yomsebenzi olinganiselayo nonamandla.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Uma uphuza utshwala, ungamkhawuleli ekuphuzeni okungaphezu kwesisodwa (ibhiya eyodwa eyi-12, igilasi elilodwa le-ounce lewayini, noma i-1.5 ounce shot yotshwala obunzima) ngosuku.
• I-aspirin ngosuku. I-aspirin ingasiza abesifazane abasengozini enkulu, njengalabo asebevele benesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa i-sspirin ingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi ingaba yingozi uma ixutshwe nemithi ethile. Uma ucabanga ukuthatha i-aspirin, khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi i-aspirin ingukukhetha okuhle kuwe, qiniseka ukuthi uyithatha njengoba kunqunyiwe
• Thola izindlela ezinempilo zokubhekana nokucindezeleka. Yehlisa izinga lakho lokucindezeleka ngokukhuluma nabangani bakho, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukubhala encwadini.

Imithombo: National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (www.nhlbi.nih.gov); Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Solwazi Lwezempilo Yabesifazane (www.womenshealth.gov)

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