Ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 (Cancer Breast)

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?
• Kusetshenziselwa ini?
• Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?
• Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
• Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?
• Izinkomba

Kuyini ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?

I-HER2 imele i-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Yisakhi sofuzo esenza iprotheni etholakala ebusweni bawo wonke amangqamuzana amabele. Kubandakanyeka ekukhuleni kweseli okujwayelekile.

Izakhi zofuzo ziyizingxenye eziyisisekelo zofuzo, ezedluliselwe zivela kumama wakho nakubaba wakho. Eminye imidlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza webele, isakhi sofuzo i-HER2 siyashintsha (sishintshe) bese senza amakhophi athe xaxa ohlobo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isakhi sofuzo se-HER2 senza amaprotheni amaningi we-HER2, okwenza amaseli ahlukane futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu.

Umdlavuza onamazinga aphezulu we-protein ye-HER2 waziwa njenge-HER2-positive. Umdlavuza onamazinga aphansi wamaprotheni waziwa njenge-HER2-negative. Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 omdlavuza webele ane-HER2-positive.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 kubheka isampula lezicubu zesimila. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlola izicubu ze-tumor yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Immunohistochemistry (IHC) kukala amaprotheni we-HER2 ebusweni bamaseli
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kubheka amakhophi angeziwe ohlobo lwe-HER2

Zombili izinhlobo zokuhlolwa zingasho ukuthi unomdlavuza we-HER2-positive. Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe ngqo kumdlavuza webele we-HER2 kungasebenza kakhulu.

Amanye amagama: i-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, ukukhuliswa kwe-ERBB2, i-HER2 overexpression, ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 / neu

Kusetshenziselwa ini?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza une-HER2-positive. Kuyasetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi ukubona ukuthi umdlavuza uyaphendula yini ekwelashweni noma ngabe umdlavuza ubuyile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?

Uma utholwe unomdlavuza webele, ungadinga lokhu kuhlolwa ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza wakho une-HER2-positive noma u-HER2-negative. Uma usuvele welashelwa umdlavuza webele we-HER2, ungadinga lolu vivinyo ku:

• Thola ukuthi ngabe umuthi wakho uyasebenza yini. Amazinga ajwayelekile we-HER2 angasho ukuthi uphendula ekwelashweni. Amazinga aphezulu angasho ukuthi ukwelashwa akusebenzi.
• Thola ukuthi ngabe umdlavuza ubuyile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-HER2 kuhilela ukuthatha isampula lezicubu zesimila kwinqubo ebizwa nge-biopsy. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinqubo ze-biopsy:

• I-biopsy enhle yokuphuza inaliti, esebenzisa inaliti ezacile ukususa isampula lamaseli wamabele noma uketshezi
• Inaliti eyinhloko ye-biopsy, esebenzisa inaliti enkulu ukukhipha isampula
• I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, esusa isampula enkambisweni encane, yenqubo yokugula

Isifiso esihle senaliti kanye ne-core biopsies yenaliti imvamisa kufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Uzolala ngohlangothi lwakho noma uhlale etafuleni lezivivinyo.
• Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlanza indawo ye-biopsy bese eyijova nge-anesthetic ukuze ungezwa buhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo.
• Lapho le ndawo isindikindiki, umhlinzeki uzofaka inaliti ye-aspiration enhle noma inaliti eyinhloko ye-biopsy kusayithi le-biopsy bese esusa isampula lezicubu noma uketshezi.
• Ungazizwa unengcindezi encane lapho isampula lihoxisiwe.
• Ingcindezi izosetshenziswa esizeni se-biopsy kuze kuphele ukuphuma kwegazi.
• Umhlinzeki wakho uzofaka ibhandishi eliyinyumba kusayithi le-biopsy.

Ku-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo uzosika kancane esikhunjeni sakho ukuze asuse sonke noma ingxenye yesigaxa sesifuba. I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa kwesinye isikhathi yenziwa uma isigaxa singenakufinyelelwa nge-biopsy yenaliti. Ama-biopsies okuhlinza ngokuvamile afaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo.

• Uzolala etafuleni elisebenzayo. I-IV (intambo efakwa ngaphakathi) ingafakwa engalweni noma esandleni sakho.
• Unganikezwa umuthi, obizwa ngokuthi yisidambisi, ukukusiza uphumule.
• Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia yendawo noma ejwayelekile ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo.
  • Nge-anesthesia yendawo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzojova isiza se-biopsy ngomuthi wokuqeda indawo.
  • Nge-anesthesia ejwayelekile, uchwepheshe obizwa nge-anesthesiologist uzokunika umuthi ngakho-ke uzobe uqulekile phakathi nenqubo.
• Lapho indawo ye-biopsy isikindiki noma uqulekile, udokotela ohlinzayo uzosika kancane esifubeni bese esusa ingxenye noma isigaxa sonke. Ezinye izicubu ezizungeze isigaxa nazo zingasuswa.
• Ukusikeka esikhunjeni sakho kuzovalwa ngemithungo noma ngemichilo yokunamathisela.

Uhlobo lwe-biopsy onalo luzoya ngezici ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi usayizi nendawo yesimila. I-HER2 nayo ingalinganiswa ekuhlolweni kwegazi, kepha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-HER2 akuboniswanga ukuthi kuwusizo ezigulini eziningi. Ngakho-ke akuvame ukunconywa.

Ngemuva kokuthi kuthathwe isampula lesicubu sakho, sizohlolwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:

• Kuzolinganiselwa amazinga amaprotheni angu-HER2.
• Isampula izobhekwa ukuthola amanye amakhophi ohlobo lwe-HER2.

Ngabe kukhona engizodinga ukukwenza ukulungiselela isivivinyo?

Ngeke udinge noma yimaphi amalungiselelo akhethekile uma uthola i-anesthesia yendawo (ukuphazamiseka kwesiza se-biopsy). Uma uthola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, kuzodingeka ukuthi uzile ukudla (ungadli noma uphuze) amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzokunikeza imiyalo ethile. Futhi, uma uthola i-sedative noma i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, qiniseka ukuhlela umuntu ozokushayela ekhaya. Ungahle ube groggy futhi udideke ngemuva kokuvuka enqubeni.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi esivivinyweni?

Ungaba nokulimala okuncane noma ukopha kusayithi le-biopsy. Kwesinye isikhathi isiza siyatheleleka. Uma lokho kwenzeka, uzokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. I-biopsy yokuhlinzwa ingadala ezinye izinhlungu nokungahambi kahle. Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo angancoma noma akunikeze umuthi ozokusiza uzizwe ungcono.

Kunengozi encane kakhulu yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ungaba nobuhlungu obuncane noma ukulimaza lapho kufakwe khona inaliti, kepha izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela ngokushesha.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?

Uma amazinga amaprotheni e-HER2 ephakeme kunamakhophi ajwayelekile noma angeziwe ohlobo lwe-HER2 atholakala, mhlawumbe kusho ukuthi unomdlavuza we-HER2. Uma imiphumela yakho ikhombisa inani elijwayelekile lamaprotheni e-HER2 noma izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezakhi zofuzo ze-HER2, kungenzeka ukuthi unomdlavuza we-HER2-negative.

Ukube imiphumela yakho ibingakhombisi ukuthi iyakhanya noma ayinawo ngokusobala, uzophinde uphinde ubuye, noma ngabe usebenzisa isampula ehlukile yesimila noma usebenzisa indlela ehlukile yokuhlola. Imvamisa, i-IHC (ukuhlola iprotheni ye-HER2) yenziwa kuqala, ilandelwe yi-FISH (ukuhlola amakhophi angeziwe wesakhi). Ukuhlolwa kwe-IHC akubizi kakhulu futhi kunikeza imiphumela esheshayo kune-FISH. Kepha ongoti abaningi bamabele bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-FISH kunembe kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2 kunganciphisa kakhulu izicubu zomdlavuza, kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha azisebenzi kumdlavuza we-HER2-negative.

Uma welashelwa umdlavuza one-HER2, imiphumela ejwayelekile ingasho ukuthi usabela ekwelashweni. Imiphumela ekhombisa ukuthi ingaphezulu kwenani elijwayelekile ingasho ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho akusebenzi, noma ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ububanzi bezinkomba, nemiphumela yokuqonda.

Ngabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi ngokuhlolwa komdlavuza webele we-HER2?

Yize kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane, umdlavuza webele, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza webele we-HER2, nawo ungathinta abesilisa. Uma owesilisa etholwe enomdlavuza webele, ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 kunganconywa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa nabesifazane bangadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-HER2 uma kutholakala ukuthi banomdlavuza othize wesisu nowomlomo. Lawa mdlavuza kwesinye isikhathi anezinga eliphakeme le-HER2 protein futhi angaphendula kahle ekwelashweni komdlavuza we-HER2-positive.

Izinkomba

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