I-calcium eyeqile (Hypercalcemia): Izimbangela, Izimpawu kanye Nokwelapha

-Delile

• Izimpawu ezingenzeka
• Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hypercalcemia
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Hypercalcemia ihambelana nokwedlula kwe-calcium esegazini, lapho inani lale minerali elikhulu kune-10.5 mg / dL liqinisekiswa ekuhlolweni kwegazi, okungakhombisa ushintsho kwizindlala ze-parathyroid, izicubu, izifo ze-endocrine noma ngenxa yohlangothi umphumela weminye imithi.

Lolu shintsho aluvamisile ukudala izimpawu, noma lubangela izimpawu ezimnene kuphela, njengokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla kanye nesicanucanu. Kodwa-ke, lapho amazinga e-calcium enyuka ngokweqile, ukuhlala ngaphezu kwe-12 mg / dl, kungadala izimpawu ezinjengokuqunjelwa, ukwanda kwenani lomchamo, ukozela, ukukhathala, ikhanda, i-arrhythmias kanye ne-coma.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercalcemia kuyahluka ngokuya ngesizathu sayo, kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo uma kubangela izimpawu noma kufinyelela kunani lika-13 mg / dl. Njengendlela yokwehlisa amazinga e-calcium, udokotela angakhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-serum emthanjeni namakhambi afana ne-diuretics, i-calcitonin noma i-bisphosphonates, isibonelo.

Izimpawu ezingenzeka

Yize i-calcium iyimbiwa ebaluleke kakhulu yezempilo yethambo kanye nezinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba, uma idlulele ingakuthinta kabi ukusebenza komzimba, idale izimpawu ezifana nokuthi:

• Ukuphathwa ikhanda nokukhathala ngokweqile;
• Ukuzwa ukoma okungapheli;
• Isifiso esivamile sokuchama;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Ukunciphisa ukudla;
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezinso nobungozi bokwakhiwa kwamatshe;
• Amajaqamba avamile noma ukuqhuma kwemisipha;
• Ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-hypercalcemia bangaba nezimpawu ezihlobene nezinguquko zemizwa njengokulahleka kwememori, ukudangala, ukucasuka kalula noma ukudideka, ngokwesibonelo.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hypercalcemia

Imbangela enkulu ye-calcium eyeqile emzimbeni yi-hyperparathyroidism, lapho izindlala ezincane ze-parathyroid, ezitholakala ngemuva kwe-thyroid, zikhiqiza ngokweqile i-hormone elawula inani le-calcium egazini. Kodwa-ke, i-hypercalcemia nayo ingenzeka njengomphumela wezinye izimo, njenge:

• Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli;
• Ukweqisa kukavithamini D, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-sarcoidosis, isifo sofuba, i-coccidioidomycosis noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile;
• Imiphumela emibi ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi ethile efana ne-lithium, isibonelo;
• Isimila emathanjeni, ezinso noma emathunjini asesigabeni esithuthukile;
• Isimila eziqhingini ze-pancreatic;
• I-myeloma eminingi;
• I-Milk-alkali syndrome, ebangelwa ukudla ngokweqile kwe-calcium nokusetshenziswa kwama-antacids;
• Isifo sikaPaget;
• Hyperthyroidism;
• I-myeloma eminingi;
• Izifo ze-Endocrinological ezifana ne-thyrotoxicosis, i-pheochromocytoma nesifo sika-Addison.

I-malignant hypercalcemia ivela ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone efana ne-hormone ye-parathyroid ngamaseli wesisu, okubangela ukuthi kube nzima futhi kube nzima ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia. Olunye uhlobo lwe-hypercalcemia ezimweni zomdlavuza lwenzeka ngenxa yezilonda zamathambo ezibangelwa ama-metastases amathambo.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia kungaqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, okuthola inani eliphelele le-calcium ngaphezulu kwe-10.5mg / dl noma i-calcium ye-ionic engaphezulu kuka-5.3mg / dl, kuya nge-laboratory eyenziwe.

Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa lolu shintsho, udokotela kufanele a-oda izivivinyo ukukhomba imbangela yazo, okubandakanya ukukalwa kwehomoni ye-PTH ekhiqizwa yizindlala ze-parathyroid, ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-tomography noma i-MRI ukuphenya ubukhona bomdlavuza, ngaphezu kokuhlola amazinga kavithamini D. , ukusebenza kwezinso noma ukuba khona kwezinye izifo ze-endocrinological.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercalcemia kuvamise ukukhonjiswa ngudokotela we-endocrinologist, okwenziwa ikakhulu ngokususelwa kuyo, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukulawula amazinga ama-hormone, ukushintshaniswa kwemithi kwabanye abangenayo i-hypercalcemia njengomphumela oseceleni noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu kubangela i-calcium eyeqile, uma lokhu kuyimbangela.

Ukwelashwa akwenziwa ngokuphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalapho kwenzeka khona izimpawu noma lapho amazinga e-calcium egazi efinyelela ku-13.5 mg / dl, okumele ubungozi obukhulu bezempilo.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela angahle anikeze i-hydration emthanjeni, i-loop diuretics, efana neFurosemide, i-calcitonin noma i-bisphosphonates, ukuzama ukunciphisa amazinga e-calcium nokugwema izinguquko esigqi senhliziyo noma ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa ukwelapha i-hypercalcemia kusetshenziswa kuphela lapho imbangela yenkinga kungukungasebenzi kahle kwesinye sezindlala ze-parathyroid, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ususwe.