I-Hyponatremia: iyini, iphathwa kanjani nezimbangela eziyinhloko

-Delile

• Izimbangela eziyinhloko
• Ungayixilonga kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko

IHyponatremia ukwehla kwenani le-sodium maqondana namanzi, okuhlolwa igazi okukhonjiswa ngamanani angaphansi kwe-135 mEq / L. Lolu shintsho luyingozi, ngoba ukwehla kwezinga le-sodium egazini, kukhula kakhulu ubunzima bezimpawu, nge-edema yobuchopho, ukuquleka futhi, kwezinye izimo, i-coma.

Ukwehla kwe-sodium egazini kuvame kakhulu ezigulini ezibhedlela ngakho-ke, kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngegazi. Ukwelashwa kwe-hyponatremia kwenziwa ngokufaka inani le-sodium egazini ngokusebenzisa i-serum, okufanele inikezwe udokotela ngenani elidingekayo ngokwesimo ngasinye.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko

Ukwehla kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium egazini kubangelwa yinoma yisiphi isifo esidala ukuthi inani lamanzi akhishwe ngumzimba lehle, noma lapho amanzi eqoqwa ngamanani amakhulu egazini, ukuze i-sodium ihlanjululwe.

IVasopressin yihomoni ebhekele ukulawula inani lamanzi emzimbeni, ekhishwa yindlala yepituitary lapho kunevolumu ephansi yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophansi noma uma kunenqwaba yesodium ejikelezayo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo kungahle kube nokuntuleka kokulawulwa kwenani le-vasopressin ekhiqizwayo, okuholela ku-hyponatremia. Ngakho-ke, ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hyponatremia yilezi:

• Ushukela wegazi oweqile, owenzeka kusifo sikashukela;
• Ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo, okubangela i-hyponatremia ne-hypernatremia;
• Izifo eziqoqa uketshezi emzimbeni, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuqina kwesibindi, i-hypothyroidism enamandla kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli;
• Izifo nezimo ezikhiqiza i-vasopressin eyeqile;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engagcina amanzi, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala;
• Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, njengakuma-marathoni, okugqugquzela umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-hormone elwa ne-diuretic, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa amanzi amaningi;
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, njenge-Ecstasy;
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kweziphuzo, njengobhiya, itiye, ngisho namanzi.

Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kakhulu kuze kube seqophelweni lokudala i-hyponatremia kungenzeka ezimeni zengqondo, njenge-potomania, lapho ubhiya uphuzwa khona ngokweqile, noma i-psychogenic polydipsia, lapho umuntu ephuza khona amanzi amaningi kunesidingo.

Kubasubathi, okuhle ukuthi ungadluli inani lesiphuzo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, njengoba cishe u-150 ml wamanzi ngehora elilodwa lokuzivocavoca lwanele. Uma uzizwa womile kakhulu kunalokhu, kufanele uphuze esinye isiphuzo se-isotonic, njengeGatorade, equkethe amaminerali abalulekile, agcina ukulawulwa kwegazi.

Ungayixilonga kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyponatremia kwenziwa ngokulinganisa i-sodium egazini, lapho kuqinisekiswa khona ukuhlushwa okungaphansi kuka-135 mEq / L. Ngokufanelekile, amanani we-sodium kufanele abe phakathi kuka-135 no-145 mEq / L.

Ukuxilongwa kwembangela kwenziwa ngudokotela, ophenya ushintsho emlandweni womtholampilo nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso, isibindi, amazinga kashukela egazini, nokuhlushwa kwegazi nomchamo, okusiza ukunquma umthombo wenguquko.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelapha i-hyponatremia, udokotela kufanele akhombe ukuqina kwezimpawu, nokuthi ngabe kungukushintsha kokufaka okunamandla noma okungamahlalakhona. Kwi-hyponatremia ebukhali, noma lapho ibangela izimpawu, kwenziwa i-serum enesilinganiso esikhulu se-sodium, okuyisixazululo se-hypertonic saline.

Lokhu kufakwa kufanele kubalwe ngokucophelela, ngokuya ngesidingo se-sodium somuntu ngamunye futhi kwenziwe kancane, njengoba ushintsho olungazelelwe emazingeni e-sodium noma i-sodium eyeqile, eyi-hypernatremia, nayo ingaba yingozi kumaseli obuchopho. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ebanga nokuthi ungayelapha kanjani i-hypernatremia.

I-hyponatremia engapheli nayo ingalashwa nge-hypertonic saline noma i-saline, futhi ukulungiswa okusheshayo akudingekile, njengoba umzimba usuvele uzivumelanisa nalesi simo. Ezimweni ezimnene, enye inketho ukuvimbela inani lamanzi owaphuzayo ngosuku, elingenza igazi libe nokulinganisela okungcono kwamanzi nosawoti.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hyponatremia zinzima kakhulu njengoba inani le-sodium lincipha egazini. Ngakho-ke, kungahle kube nekhanda, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokuzela, ngokwesibonelo. Lapho amazinga ephansi kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuquleka, ukuqhuma kwemisipha kanye nekhoma.

I-Hyponatremia edala izimpawu ibhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo kwezokwelapha futhi kufanele itholwe futhi yelashwe ngokushesha okukhulu.