Yini i-hypoxia, yini ebangela nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yini ebangela i-hypoxia
• Yiziphi izinhlobo
• Yelashwa kanjani
• I-sequelae engenzeka
• Umehluko we-hypoxia ne-hypoxemia

IHypoxia yisimo esenzeka lapho inani le-oxygen ethunyelwa ezicutshini zomzimba linganele, okwenza izimpawu ezifana nekhanda, ukozela, umjuluko obandayo, iminwe e-purplish nomlomo ngisho nokuquleka. Lolu shintsho lungenzeka ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, njengesifo esibucayi se-myocardial infarction, izifo zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma ne-acute lung edema, kepha futhi ingavela ngenxa ye-anemia nokuphakama okuphezulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoxia kuncike kwisizathu, ubunzima kanye nesimo sempilo yomuntu, kepha ezimweni eziningi, kuqukethe ukuphathwa komoya-mpilo ngamaski noma nge-orotracheal intubation. Lesi simo singadala i-sequelae emzimbeni, ngakho-ke lapho kuvela izimpawu, kunconywa ukuthi ushayele i-ambulensi ye-SAMU ngo-192 ngokushesha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu ze-hypoxia ziyahlukahluka kusuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye, njengoba kuya ngobukhulu bokushoda komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba, kepha kungaba:

• Ikhanda;
• Ubuthakathaka;
• Ukunyuka kwenhliziyo;
• Umjuluko obandayo;
• Ukuphefumula okufishane;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukudideka kwengqondo;
• Ukuquleka;
• Iminwe nomlomo obomvana, obizwa nge-cyanosis;

I-cyanosis ivela ngoba imithambo yegazi emaphethelweni omzimba icindezela ukuthumela igazi eliningi ne-oxygen eyengeziwe ezithweni zomzimba ezinkulu futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda komfutho wegazi nakho kuyenzeka. Funda kabanzi nge-cyanosis nokuthi ihlukaniswa kanjani.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-hypoxia iba kubi, umfutho wegazi uyancipha futhi umuntu alahlekelwe ukwazi, ngakho-ke lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushayele i-ambulensi ye-SAMU ngo-192, ngokushesha, ukuze kwenziwe ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo., Ukugwema izinkinga ezingaba khona.

Yini ebangela i-hypoxia

I-Hypoxia yenzeka lapho inani lomoya-mpilo ezicutshini linganele futhi lokhu kungadalwa yizizathu eziningana, njengokuhluleka ukuphefumula, i-asthma, i-emphysema ye-pulmonary, i-acute lung edema ne-pneumonia, njengoba zibangela ukungena komoya-mpilo emaphashini kungasebenzi . Olunye ushintsho lwezinzwa olubangelwa ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda lungadala i-hypoxia, ngoba lubeka engcupheni imisebenzi yokuphefumula.

IHemoglobin, ekhona egazini, inesibopho sokuhambisa umoya-mpilo ezithweni zomzimba futhi iphansi kubantu abane-anemia, engadala i-hypoxia ezicutshini zomzimba, noma ngabe ukuphefumula kugcinwa. Enye imbangela ye-hypoxia kungaba ukudakwa yimikhiqizo efana ne-cyanide, i-carbon dioxide kanye nezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo zenhliziyo, ezinjenge-acute myocardial infarction, ziphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuvimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungahanjiswa ezicutshini zomzimba. Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu noma ezijulile, inani lomoya-mpilo liphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma umuntu ekulezi zindawo, angahlupheka futhi ngenxa ye-hypoxia.

Yiziphi izinhlobo

Izinhlobo ze-hypoxia zihlobene nembangela yokushoda komoya-mpilo emzimbeni, okungaba:

• I-hypoxia yokuphefumula: imiphumela yokwehla kokuphakelwa komoya-mpilo emaphashini, okudalwa ukungabikho noma ukuncipha kokuphefumula, mhlawumbe kungenxa yesifo esithile noma ngenxa yokuvinjelwa komoya;
• I-anoxic hypoxia: kwenzeka lapho inani le-hemoglobin egazini liphansi kakhulu, okuholela ekwehleni komoya-mpilo ohanjiswa egazini;
• I-hypoxia ejikelezayo: kuvela ezimeni lapho ukulahleka kwegazi kubangela ukuthi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi emaphashini kungenziwa kahle, njengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
• I-Hypoxia yezitho ezithile: kwenzeka lapho umthambo wesinye isitho uvinjelwa, uvimbela ukudlula kwegazi futhi wehlise inani le-oxygen endaweni, ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis, isibonelo.

Kukhona nohlobo lwe-hypoxia oluhlobene nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe, njenge-Fallot's tetralogy, eyenza imithambo engasebenzi kahle ingakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo uye ezithweni ezibalulekile emzimbeni, njengasebuchosheni. Bona kabanzi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-tetralogy ye-Fallot kwenziwa kanjani.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoxia kusekelwe ikakhulu ekuphathweni komoya-mpilo ngamaski, ama-catheters acinene noma amatende e-oxygen, izici zokuphefumula okungangenisi umoya. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kunconywa ukufaka ishubhu ngomlomo ukuletha umoya-mpilo ngqo emaphashini, owaziwa ngokuthi i-orotracheal intubation.

Uma i-hypoxia ibangelwa i-anemia, ukuphathwa komoya-mpilo ngeke kube nemiphumela egculisayo, ngoba noma ngabe inani lomoya-mpilo emzimbeni lenyuka, kunenani elanele lama-hemoglobin, angakwazi ukufaka umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izicubu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka wenze ukumpontshelwa igazi ukuletha i-hemoglobin eningi egazini. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kwenziwa kanjani.

Ngokunjalo, lapho isifo esibi senhliziyo sibanga i-hypoxia, ukujikeleza kwegazi kwehluleka futhi ukuqinisekisa nje ukuthi ukuphefumula akwanele, kuyadingeka ukulungisa izinkinga kuqala, njengokuhlinzwa, ngokwesibonelo.

I-sequelae engenzeka

I-Hypoxia ingadala i-sequelae emzimbeni futhi incike esikhathini umuntu abenaso ngaphandle kokuphefumula kanye nesikhathi lapho umzimba wawungenalo inani lomoya-mpilo odingekayo ukugcina imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Izinguquko ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi nendawo zimelela imiphumela esemqoka ye-hypoxia, okuholela ekunyakazeni komzimba nokungasebenzi kahle njengokuhamba, ukukhuluma, ukudla nokubona.

Kwezinye izimo, lapho i-hypoxia inzima kakhulu futhi umuntu engakwazi ukuphefumula eyedwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza intubation, okungukuthi, amadivayisi kufanele angeniswe ukusiza inqubo yokuphefumula, futhi kaningi, udokotela ukhombisa ikhoma elenziwe. Bheka ukuthi yini ikhoma edonswayo nezinye izinkomba.

Umehluko we-hypoxia ne-hypoxemia

Kwesinye isikhathi i-hypoxia iyadideka negama elithi hypoxemia, kodwa-ke, zibhekisa ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. I-Hypoxemia ichazwa njengokuhlushwa okuphansi komoya-mpilo egazini, okungukuthi, lapho ukusuthiswa komoya-mpilo, okulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa i-pulse oximetry, kungabiza inani eliphansi lama-90%, i-hypoxia ibonakala njengokuncipha komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba . Imvamisa, izimpawu ziyafana kakhulu, njengoba i-hypoxia ingenzeka njengomphumela we-hypoxemia.